Annual Report - 14.139.60.153

DRS-D ep artm en tal R esearch S u p p o rtDRU-D istrict R esource U nitDWACRA- D evelopm ent of W omen a n d C hildren in R u ral A reasEAR-E x tern al A cadem ic R elationsEB-E du catio n ally B ackw ardEC C E-E arly C hildhood C are a n d E d u catio nECE-E arly C hildhood E d u catio nEDCOM-Inter-G overnm en tal Regional C om m ittee on E d u ca tio nin A sia & th e PacificE EO-E d u ca tio n E xtension OfficerEFA-E d u ca tio n For AllELTI-E nglish L anguage T eaching In stitu te sEMRC-E d u ca tio n a l M edia R esearch C entreEP-E quivalency Program m eFG-F inal G ran tGER-G ross E n ro lm en t RatioGVE-G eneric V ocational C oursesHH-H earing H andicapIAMR-In stitu te of A pplied M anpow er R esearchIASE-In stitu te of A dvanced S tu d y in E d u ca tio nIBE-In tern a tio n al B u re a u of E d u catio n , G enevaICDS-In teg rated Child D evelopm ent ServicesICHR-In d ian C ouncil of H istorical R esearchICMR-In d ian C ouncil of Medical R esearch

ICSSR- Indian Council of Social Science ResearchIEDC- In teg rated E d u catio n for D isabled C hildrenIDS- In stitu te of D evelopm ent S tu d iesIETE- In stitu te of E lectronics a n d T elecom m unicationE n g in eersIGNOU- In d ira G andhi N ational O pen U niversityIGP- Incom e G enerating P rogram m eIIM- In d ian In stitu te of M anagem entIIPP- Individual In tere st Prom otion P rogram m eIIT- In d ian In stitu te of TechnologyILO- In tern a tio n al L abour O rganisationINC- In d ian N ational C om m ission for C o-operation w ithUNESCOINFLIBNET - Inform ation a n d Library NetworkIPCL- Im proved Pace a n d C o n ten t of L earningITI- In d u stria l T raining In stitu te sJCV C- J o in t C ouncil of V ocational E d u catio nJR C- J a n a r d h a n a Reddy C om m itteeJR F- J u n io r R esearch Fellow shipJR Y- J a w a h a r Rozgar YojnaJS N- J a n a S h ik sh a n NilayamKHS- K endriya Hindi S a n s th a nKHSM- K endriya Hindi S h ik s h a n M andalKOU- K ota O pen U niversity

KVICK hadi a n d Village In d u strie s C om m issionKVKK rishi Vigyan K endraL JPLok J u m b is h ProjectMHRDM inistry of H u m a n R esource D evelopm entMILM odem In d ian L anguagesMISM anagem ent Inform ation S ystemMLLM inim um Level of L earningMOUM em o ran d u m of U n d e rstan d in gMSM ahila S a m ak h y aMSKM ahila S h ik s h a n K endraNABN ational A ccreditation B oardNBBN ational Bal B h aw anNCAERN ational C ouncil of Applied E conom ic R e se archNCCN ational C adet C orpsNCERTN ational C ouncil of E d u catio n R ese arch a n d T rainingNCHEN ational C ouncil of H igher E d u ca tio nNCPULN ational C ouncil for Prom otion of U rd u L anguageNCPSLN ational C ouncil for Prom otion of S in d h i L anguageNCRTN ational C ouncil of R ural In stitu te sNCTEN ational C ouncil of T eacher E d u ca tio nNECN orth E a s te rn C ouncilNEON ational E v alu atio n O rganisationNETN ational Eligibility T estNFEN on-Form al E d u ca tio nV3--f90

NGO-N on-G overnm ental O rg an isatio nNIEPA-N ational In stitu te of E d u ca tio n a l P la n n in g a n dA dm in istratio nNLM-N ational Literacy M issionNLMA-N ational L iteracy M ission A uthorityNOS-N ational O pen SchoolNPEN ational Policy on E d u catio nNPERC-N ational Policy on E d u ca tio n Review C om m itteeNSS-N ational Service S chem eNTMIS-N ational T echnical M anpow er Inform ation S y stemNYK-N eh ru Yuvak K endraOB-O peratio n B lackboardPMOST-P rogram m e of M ass O rien tatio n of School T ea ch e rsPOA-P rogram m e of ActionQLIP-Q uality of Life Im provem ent P rogram m eRCCP-R ad io -cu m -C assettee PlayerRCE-R egional College of E d u ca tio nR&D-R esearch a n d D evelopm entRE-Revised E stim ateREC-Regional E ngineering CollegeRFLP-R u ra l F u n c tio n a l L iteracy ProjectRIE-Regional In stitu te of E d u catio nRPF-R evised Policy F o rm u latio n sRRC-R egional R esource C entre

RSKBR a ja sth a n S h ik sh a K arm i B oardSAPSpecial A ssistan ce P rogram m eSAES ta te m e n t of A ccepted E stim a te sSASS tre n g th e n in g of A dm inistrative S tru c tu re sSB ES ta te m e n t of B udget E stim a te sSCERTS ta te C ouncil of E d u ca tio n a l R ese arch a n d T rain in gSC HES ta te C ouncil of H igher E d u catio nSCVES ta te C ouncil of V ocational E d u ca tio nSDAES ta te D irectorate of A dult E d u ca tio nSEEUYSelf E m ploym ent for E d u ca te d U nem ployed Y outhSHS p eech H andicapSICIS h a stri In d o -C an ad ian In stitu teSIETS ta te In stitu te of E d u catio n al TechnologySIDAS w edish In tern a tio n al D evelopm ent AgencySKPS h ik s h a K arm i ProjectSLMAS ta te Literacy M ission A uthoritySOPTS pecial O rien tatio n Program m e for P rim ary T each ersSRCS ta te R esource C entreSTEIS eco n d ary T each er E d u catio n In stitu teTCT each ers C en tresTLCT otal Literacy C am paignTLET eaching L earning E q u ip m en tTQMTotal Q uality M anagem entTRYSEMT raining for R ural Y outh in Self E m ploym ent

TTTIs-Technical Teacher Training InstitutesUEE-U niversalisation of E lem en tary E d u ca tio nUGC-U niversity G ra n ts C om m issionULB-U niversity Level BookUNDP-U nited N ations D evelopm ent Program m eUNESCO-U nited N ations E ducational, Scientific a n d C u ltu ra lO rganisationUNFPA-U nited N ations P opulation F u n dUNICEF-U nited N ations In tern a tio n al C h ild ren 's E d u c a tio n a lFundUSEFI-U nited S ta te s E d u catio n al F o u n d a tio n in IndiaUT-U nion T erritoryVEC-Village E d u catio n C om m itteeVH-V isual H andicapVRC-V ocational R ehabilitation C entreYCMOU-Y ashw ant Rao C havan M a h a ra sh tra O pen U niversityZSS-Zilla S a k s h a rta Sam iti

OVERVIEW

1.OVERVIEWEducation for AH1.1.1Education for All (EFA) continues to be the focal point o f the programmesin education during 1996-97. For achieving E F A a two pronged strategy ofuniversalising adult literacy and universalisation o f elementary education in a mutuallysupportive manner is being followed.1.1.2The Government has resolved to make the right to free and compulsoryelementary education a Fundamental Right and to enforce it through suitable statutorymeasures. Realising that the resulting proposal has enormous implications, theDepartment o f Education constituted a Committee o f State Education Ministerschaired by the Union Minister of State for HRD (Education) to consider the financial,administrative, legal and academic implications o f the proposal. The Committee hassince submitted its Report which is under consideration.Primary EducationElementary Education1.2.1Universalisation of Elementary Education (UEE) has been accepted as anational goal since 1950. In order to achieve the goal, concerted efforts have beenmade and as a result, the elementary education system in India has become one o f thelargest in the world with 150.74 million children enrolled in 1995-96 in the age groupo f 6-14 years covering about 91% of the children in this age group. O f these, 109.73million children were enrolled in 5,90,421 primary schools and other 41.01 million in1,71,216 upper primary schools. There are 2.90 million teachers - 1.74 millionemployed in primary schools and 1.16 million in upper primary schools. 95% o f ruralpopulation living in 8.26 lakh habitations have a school within a walking distance o f 1km. and 84% have upper primary schooling facility within a walking distance o f 3 kms.The percentage o f girls enrolled is 43.11% at primary stage and 39.42%) at upperprimary stage. Recent trends in drop out have shown significant decline. Theretention rate has improved and it is 64% at primary stage and 47% at upper primarystage.1.2.2Universal access, universal retention and universal achievement are broadparameters to achieve UEE. Greater focus is on school drop outs, working children,girls who cannot attend formal schools, particularly those belonging to SCs/STs andother disadvantaged groups. Special attention has been given on removal o f caste,sectional, regional and gender disparities in UEE.1

1.2.3The major initiatives in the form o f Operation Blackboard, NationalProgramme o f Nutritional Support to Primary Education (Mid-day Meal Scheme),Non-Formal Education Programme, Teacher Education and adoption o f MinimumLevels o f Learning have continued to be accorded priority.In addition, theGovernment announced a new scheme in the Budget for 1996-97 to assist voluntaryagencies in the establishment o f residential primary schools for the rural poor,irrespective o f caste or creed.1.2.4With a view to cushioning the impact o f the rising cost of text books andexercise books, the Government has exempted writing and printing paper supplied toall State Text Book Corporations from excise duty in the Budget for 1996-97. It isunderstood that this measure has provided relief to students, especially thosebelonging to the weaker sections o f the society.N ational Programme o f Nutritional Support to Primary Education1.2.5A nation-wide Mid-day Meal programme was launched from 15th August,1995 to give boost to UEE by improving enrolment, retention and attendance inprimary schools and also to improve the nutritional status o f children. Over a periodo f three years, all the Government, Government aided and local body schools are tobe covered benefiting II crore children. During 1996-97, 5.57 crore primary schoolchildren are being covered in 4426 blocks and urban slums in all States and UTs.1.2.6The Central support under this programme is on the following i)Provision o f foodgrains free o f cost to the implementing agencies;ii)Reimbursement of transportation cost to District authorities for movingof foodgrains from Food Corporation o f India godowns toschools/villages;iii)Besides, remuneration for conversion o f foodgrains into cooked foodas well as expenditure on construction o f kitchen sheds, will be eligiblefor coverage under the Poverty Alleviation Schemes being administeredby the Ministry o f Rural Areas & Employment.1.2.7The expenditure towards the cost o f foodgrains (payable to FoodCorporation o f India) and reimbursement o f transportation cost will be incurred by theMinistry o f HRD (Department of Education).1.2.8The Programme has commenced in all the States/UTs. Five States namely,Gujarat, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Orissa and Tamil Nadu and U.T. of Pondicherry areserving cooked meals. In Delhi, processed food is being served. In rest o f theStates/UTs, foodgrains are being distributed.2

District Primary Education Programme1.2.9The District Primary Education Programme (DPEP) is another thrust areain primary education. The DPEP is distinct from conventional projects as it takes aholistic view of elementary education, emphasises decentralized management,community mobilisation and undertakes district and population specific planning. TheDPEP is characterised by loftiness of its objectives, the nature and the intensity o f theplanning process, the integration of professional inputs, participative planning andmanagement. It emphasises on capacity building and integrated and locally relevantcurriculum. A system o f concurrent evaluation as well as monitoring o f learner'sactivity has been set up to evaluate the impact of implementation on the objective ofevaluation, retention and achievement. The programme has already been launched in59 low female literacy districts in 11 States and the objective is to cover 120 districtsby the end o f the 8th Plan.1.2.10Besides, a number of externally assisted projects such as - Uttar PradeshBasic Education Programme, Bihar Education Project, Shiksha Karmi and LokJumbish Projects in Rajasthan, Mahiia Samakhya Project and Andhra Pradesh PrimaryEducation Project are also under implementation.W om en’s' Education1.3 1Women's education has always been a priority area and NEE envisages theentire educational system to work for women's education and empowerment. It hasbeen emphasized that gender concerns must be built into all educational processes.Emphasis has been laid on enrolment and retention of the girl child in formal and nonformal schooling, recruitment of rural women as teachers and removal of gender biasin the curriculum. Special provisions have been incorporated in various schemes; e.g.the revamped Blackboard Scheme provides that atleast 50% of the teachers recruitedshould be women under NFE programme 90% assistance is given for centresexclusively for girls. A scheme for strengthening of boarding and hostel facilities forgirl students of secondary and higher secondary schools is continuing with theobjective o f boosting retention of girls.1.3.2Free education is provided to girls by various State Govts./UTs whileeducation is free for girls upto Class XII in Kendriya and Navodaya Vidyalayas.Vocational programme with emphasis on entrepreneurship are being designed for girldrop outs. In major thrust areas-DPEP and TLC, women are a special focus. Stepsare being taken to increase women's participation in educational process, nation-widegender sensitization programme of educational personnel and parental awarenessprogrammes for generating a positive climate for girls' education.1.3.3Mahiia Samakhya Programme (Education for Women's Equality) is awomen's empowerment project which aims at creating an environment for women to34-130

seek knowledge and information with a view to bring about a change in theirperception about themselves and that o f the society.1.3.4Mahila Samakhya was launched in March 1989 as ? pilot project throughDutch assistance in 10 districts o f Uttar Pradesh, Gujarat and Karnataka. In 1992 theprogramme was extended to two districts in Andhra Pradesh. The Mahila Samakhyaapproach & strategy has been mainstreamed with other basic education programmes inthe country like the Bihar Education Project where it covers 7 districts and DistrictsPrimary Programme in Madhya Pradesh & Assam. The programme is spread over2574 villages in 15 districts in 4 states.1.3 .5The programme has addressed issues like drinking water, health service anddeveloped local accountability for Women's needs. MS has provided trainings fordevelopment o f indigenous herbal medicine systems, Panchayati Raj and spearheadedactivism on social issues like violence against women, institution of Devadasis and thejogini system, etc,1.3.6Education has been one of the key areas of focus under Mahila Samakhya.MS has initiated several interventions in Non-formal Education, Pre-school crechesupport facilities which are managed by Women’s groups themselves. MS villagewomen manage 529 NFE centres and 241 ECCE centres. Another innovativeintervention in MS has been the " Mahila Shikshan Kendras" (MSKs) for illiteratewomen who have never joined the formal school system and school drop-outs whoseek to plug back into the educational mainstream. 7 MSKs have been established and5 are being set up currently.Adult Education1.4.1Literacy has been a priority on the national agenda as a tool of informationand knowledge and as an instrument of social change. The initial target o f NationalLiteracy Mission (NLM) was to make 80 million persons in the age group o f 15-35years functionally literate and to cover 345 districts of the country by the end o f theyear 1995. This target was revised to 100 million persons by the end o f the 8th Plan.NLM is now committed to make 100 million people literate by 1998-99 and to bringabout total literacy by 2005.1.4.2The Total Literacy Campaign (TLC) has become the principal strategy ofthe National Literacy Mission for eradication of illiteracy in the country. Against theover all target, as on date, 417 districts have been covered under TLCs and 178districts under Post Literacy Campaigns (PLCs).Since the launching o f thecampaigns, approximately 80 million persons are reported to have been enrolled underTLCs, out which 38.10 million persons have been made literate. The enrolment underPLCs is 18 .44 million, o f which 10.22 million neoliterates are participating under PostLiteracy phase. Since the inception of National Literacy Mission in 1988 57.96 millionpersons have been made literate under all Adult Education schemes.4

1.4.3Keeping in view the fall-out o f the implementation o f various literacyprogrammes, both achievements and weaknesses as evidenced through evaluations,new strategies have been developed for effective implementation o f the programmeduring the 9th Plan period. Some o f the major initiatives include decentralisation anddelegation o f powers for approval/implementation o f literacy programmes to StateLiteracy Mission Authorities; Strengthening of State Directorate o f Adult Educationto act as nodal agencies for better and effective monitoring o f the programme;establishment o f strong linkages between literacy campaigns and Panchayati RajInstitutions and involvement of Panchayati Raj functionaries in the literacy movement;establishment of strong linkage between the literacy programme and otherdevelopment programmes; Operation Restoration of projects which could not achievedesired results and the Scheme of Continuing Education for neo-literates.Secondary Education1.5.1Secondary Education is being strengthened through various schemes, suchas the Schemes for improvement of Science Education, Environment Education,Population Education, Culture and Sports. In addition, the NCERT has beenproviding resource support in crucial areas of educational research and training atschool level.1.5.2Kendriya Vidyalayas and Navodaya Vidyalayas are promoting educationwith a national identity throughout the country. The Government has accelerated theprocess o f creating buildings, laboratories, libraries and teacher training facilities sothat these chains of schools act as pace setters for other schools in the country.1.5.3The National Open School has been assigned the responsibility ofpromoting open schooling in the country with a view to provide distance education todeprived and socio-economically backward sections o f society in the remotest parts ofthe country.1.5.4NOS has a large and diverse student profile covering learners from 14years and above without restriction of age. Most o f the students are young adultsbetween 18-24 years. In the last registration year o f 1995-96, students fromeducationally and socially disadvantaged categories, comprised women (32.5%), SCand ST (23%), Ex-servicemen (0.36%) and Handicapped (0.70%).1.5.5Technological advancement has played a vital role in the expansion ofeducation particularly in distance education.1.5.6As a recognition o f the meritorious service o f teachers working in Primary,Middle and Higher Secondary Schools, 278 awards were conferred by the Presidentduring 1996-97.5

1.5.7A Task Force under the chairmanship o f Director, NCERT has beenconstituted to study the functioning of private schools and evolve a Model Code forthe service conditions o f teac

Kendriya Vidyalaya Sangathan (KVS) Navodaya Vidyalayas (NVs) Central Tibetan School Administration . Educational Media Research Centre EP - Equivalency Programme FG - Final G rant . Inform ation and Library Network IPCL - Improved Pace and C ontent of Learning ITI - Industrial Training Institutes .