Type Of Blood Vessel Artery Vein - Framework

JC SCIENCE – Key DefinitionsArteryType of blood vesselthat carries bloodaway from the heartVeinType of blood vesselthat carries bloodtowards the heartCapillaryType of blood vessel thatis one cell thick andimportant for gaseousexchangeLimewaterTurns milky in thepresence of carbondioxide

JC SCIENCE – Key DefinitionsTracheaThe tube that carriesair from the mouth tothe bronchioleBronchusThe two tubes thatbranch off the tracheainto each lungBronchioleSmaller branches offthe bronchi to carry airto all the alveoliAlveoliSmall air sacs in thelungs where gaseousexchange occurs

JC SCIENCE – Key DefinitionsRespirationThe process ofreleasing energy fromfoodInhalationBreathing inExhalationBreathing outOxygenThe gas moving fromthe alveoli to thebloodstream duringinhalation

JC SCIENCE – Key DefinitionsCarbonDioxideThe gas moving fromthe bloodstream to thealveoli for exhalationHeartPumps bloodaround ourbodiesPulmonaryArteryThe blood vessel thatcarries blood from ourheart to our lungsVena CavaThe blood vessels thatbring blood back toour heart from the restof our body

JC SCIENCE – Key DefinitionsPulmonaryVeinThe vessel that bringsoxygenated blood fromthe lungs to the heartto be pumped aroundthe bodyAortaThe vessel that pumpsoxygenated bloodaround the body fromthe heartSeptumThe part of the heart thatseparates the left atriumand ventricle from theright atrium and ventricleValvesPresent between theatrium and ventricle andare responsible for theclicking sounds of theheart

JC SCIENCE – Key DefinitionsRed BloodCellsCarry oxygen inthe bloodPlasmaThe liquid part ofbloodWhiteblood cellsCells in the bloodthat fight infectionRightVentricleChamber of the heartthat pumps blood tothe lungs

JC SCIENCE – Key DefinitionsLeftVentricleChamber of the heartthat pumps blood allaround the bodyRightAtriumChamber of the heartthat the vena cavabrings deoxygenatedblood toLeft AtriumChamber of the heartthat the pulmonaryvein bringsoxygenated blood toPulseThe rhythm of theheartbeat felt inarteries near the skin’ssurface eg at the wrist

JC SCIENCE – Key DefinitionsDigestionThe breakdownand absorptionof foodOesophagusBrings food fromthe mouth to thestomachStomachChurns and mixesfood, produces HCl tohelp break food downIodineChemical used to testfor the presence ofstarch

JC SCIENCE – Key DefinitionsAmylaseThe enzyme in salivathat breaks starchdown to maltoseLiverProduces bile, aidsin digestion andbreaks down fatLargeIntestineReabsorbs water fromdigested food andcarries faeces to theanus to be egestedEnzymeA biologicalcatalyst

JC SCIENCE – Key testineAbsorbs nutrientsfrom food into thebloodstreamEcologyThe study of plantsand animals and theirinteraction with theenvironmentInterdependenceWhen organismsrely on each otherto survive

JC SCIENCE – Key DefinitionsVertebratesAnimals thathave a backboneInvertebratesAnimals that donot have abackboneProducersOrganisms thatmake their ownfoodConsumersOrganisms thateat other plantsor animals

JC SCIENCE – Key DefinitionsDecomposersCompetitionOrganisms thatbreak down deadplants or animalsOrganisms needingthe same resource,e.g. water, sunlightor preyHabitatWhere anorganism livesBiuretSolutionUsed to test forthe presence ofprotein

JC SCIENCE – Key DefinitionsBenedict’sSolutionUsed to test forthe presence ofreducing sugarsFoodPyramidDiagram used to helpchoose number and sizeof portions from eachfood groupAgarFood supply andgrowing medium formicroorganisms inpetri dishesControlUsed in experimentsto be used as acomparison toensure a fair test

JC SCIENCE – Key DefinitionsMicroorganismLiving things thatcannot be seenby the naked eyePhototropismA plant’s growthresponse tolightGeotropismA plant’s growthresponse togravityXylemThe tissue thatcarries water inplants

JC SCIENCE – Key DefinitionsPhloemAntherVessels thatcarry food in aplantThe part of theflower thatproduces the malegameteOvuleThe part of theflower thatproduces thefemale gameteZygoteCell formed whenthe male andfemale gametecombine

JC SCIENCE – Key DefinitionsGerminationWater Carbon DioxideSunlightChlorophyllGlucose OxygenOxygen GlucoseCarbon Dioxide Water Vapour EnergyTranspirationWhen a plantbegins to sproutup from a seedWord equationforphotosynthesisWord equationfor respirationThe loss of water froma plant through thestomata (pores) of theleaves

JC SCIENCE – Key DefinitionsChlorophyllThe pigment that isresponsible for thegreen colour ofleavesChloroplastsThe organelle in theplant wherephotosynthesis occursPollinationThe transfer of pollenfrom the anther of oneplant to the stigma ofanother plantTestaThe outside coat ofa seed

JC SCIENCE – Key DefinitionsEndospermTissue produced inside aseed that can be used as asource of nutrition duringgerminationOvuleThe place wherefertilisation occurs inthe plantRadicleThe part of thegerminating seed thatalways tilisation inflowering plants

JC SCIENCE – Key DefinitionsMethods dfillRecyclingFossil FuelA natural fuel formedfrom the remains ofliving organismsDeforestationThe clearing of a widearea of trees that hasa detrimental impacton the environmentPollutionThe presence of asubstance that haspoisonous effects onthe environment

JC SCIENCE – Key DefinitionsEggHuman femalesex cellSpermHuman malesex cellOvaryWhere the egg in thefemale reproductivesystem is producedTestesWhere the sperm inthe malereproductive systemis produced

JC SCIENCE – Key DefinitionsFallopianTubesThe site offertilisation of themale and femalegameteMenstruationThe process thatoccurs on Day 1 ofthe menstrual cycleOvulationThe process thatoccurs on or nearDay 14 of themenstrual cycle23 pairsNumber of pairs ofchromosomes that arepresent in the nucleusof the human cell

JC SCIENCE – Key DefinitionsGenesThe parts ofchromosomes thatcontrol inheritablecharacteristicsDNA & ProteinThe two substancesfrom whichchromosomes aremadeUterusWhere successfulimplantation of thezygote occursContraceptionAny method used toprevent conceptione.g. condoms

JC SCIENCE – Key DefinitionsSperm DuctTransports spermfrom the testesto the penisPlacentaWhere food / oxygen /water / hormones /antibodies pass frommother to babyUmbilicalCordCarries nutrientsand wastesto/from the babyNucleusWhere the DNAis located in acell

JC SCIENCE – Key DefinitionsFertilePeriodThe time of themenstrual cycle whenfertilisation is mostlikely occurpH 7pH Number thatrepresents neutralAcidicIf a solution has apH less than 7BasicIf a solution has apH over 7

JC SCIENCE – Key DefinitionsExothermicA chemical reactionthat releases energythrough light or heatEndothermicA chemical reactionthat absorbs heatfrom its environmentHydrogenThe gas producedwhen zinc reacts withhydrochloric acidNeutralisationThe name given tothe reaction betweenan acid and a base

JC SCIENCE – Key DefinitionsWater& SaltThe two productsgenerally formed in aneutralization reactionProtonPositivelycharged subatom particleElectronNegativelycharged subatomic particleNeutronSub-atomicparticle that hasno charge

JC SCIENCE – Key DefinitionsMassNumberThe sum of the number ofneutrons and the numberof protons present in thenucleus of the atomAtomicNumberThe number of protonspresent in the nucleusof an atom of anelementCovalentBondA chemical bond thatinvolves the sharing ofelectron pairs betweenatomsIonic BondA chemical bond thatinvolves the giving ortaking of electronsbetween atoms

JC SCIENCE – Key DefinitionsIsotopesAtoms with the sameatomic number butdifferent mass numberdue to differing numbersof neutrons presentMoleculeA group of two ormore atoms heldtogether by achemical bondElementThe simplest form ofa substance, madeup of only one atomCompoundFormed whenelements arechemically joined

JC SCIENCE – Key DefinitionsElectrolysisThe process of splittingwater down into itselements usingelectricityNonbiodegradableCannot bebroken down byliving organismsCrude OilThe raw materialfrom which mostplastics are madeAlloyMade from mixingtwo or more metalstogether

JC SCIENCE – Key DefinitionsMalleableA property of metalthat means it can behammered intosheetsDuctileA property of metalthat means it can bestretched into thinwiresGalvanizingPreventing rusting ofiron or steel bycoating it with a layerof zinc

JC SCIENCE – Key DefinitionsAlkaliMetalsName of Group 1on the periodictableAlkalineEarthMetalsName of Group 2on the periodictableHalogensName of Group 7on the periodictableSodium Hydroxide HydrogenThe two productsformer when sodiumreacts with water

JC Science – Key DefinitionsGoldThe element withthe chemicalsymbol AuCopperThe element withthe chemicalsymbol CuIronThe element withthe chemicalsymbol FeSodiumThe element withthe chemicalsymbol Na

JC Science – Key DefinitionsPotassiumThe element withthe chemicalsymbol KSolventA liquid, e.g. water,which othersubstances dissolveinSoluteThe name given tothe substance that isdissolved in a solventto make a solutionSaturatedWhen a solution thathas as much solute aspossible dissolved in it

JC Science – Key DefinitionsChromatographyThe method ofseparation used tosee the colourcomponents of inkDistillationThe method of separationused to separate salt fromseawater that keeps both thewater and the saltCrystalsFormed when a hot,saturated solution ofcopper sulphate iscooled slowlyGasA state of matterthat has no fixedvolume

JC Science – Key DefinitionsLiquidA state of matter thathas no fixed shape andcannot be compressedEvaporationThe changing ofa liquid to a gasCondensationThe changing ofa gas to a liquidSolarSystemA star and all theobjects that orbitaround it

JC Science – Key DefinitionsGalaxyA system ofbillions of starsNewtonsThe unit ofmeasurement forweightKilogramsThe unit ofmeasurement formass27.3 daysThe time it takes themoon to fully orbitthe Earth

JC Science – Key DefinitionsPhasesThe differingappearance of theMoon as it circles theEarthWaningGibbousThe moon phaseon days 15-20New MoonThe moon phaseon Day 1JupiterThe largestplanet in oursolar system

JC Science – Key DefinitionsCometA celestial bodymade of ice anddustCosmologyThe branch of studyconcerning theformation of theuniverseTheAsteroidBeltThe cluster ofasteroids betweenMars and JupiterThe KuiperBeltThe giant cloud of rockyice around the edges ofthe Solar System that isthe source of our comets

JC Science – Key Definitions8The number ofplanets in oursolar systemGravityThe force that keepsthe planets in orbitaround the SunOrbitThe path that theplanets in our SolarSystem take aroundthe SunThe MilkyWayThe Galaxy thatour Solar Systemis part of

JC Science – Key DefinitionsSpaceThe empty volumepresent betweencelestial bodiesHalley’sCometThe comet thatrevolves around theSun every 76 yearsCorrosiveFlammable

JC Science – Key DefinitionsHarmfulToxicBunsenBurnerTripod

JC Science – Key DefinitionsMicroscopeMassVolumeDensity3g/cmUnits ofDensityLength x Width xHeightVolume

JC Science – Key DefinitionsSpeed xTimeDistanceAmmeterUsed to measureelectrical currentOhmmeterUsed to measureelectricalresistanceVoltmeterUsed to measurepotential differencein an electric circuit

JC Science – Key DefinitionsAmp (A)Unit ofmeasurement forelectric currentOhm (Ω)Unit ofmeasurement forelectric resistanceVolts (V)Unit ofmeasurement forpotential differenceLEDLight EmittingDiode

JC Science – Key DefinitionsLDRLightDependantResistorV IxROhm’s LawformulaElectronsAn object becomesnegatively chargedwhen it gains theseInsulatorA material that doesn’tallow the flow of chargethrough it

JC Science – Key DefinitionsJoules (J)Unit ofmeasurement ofenergyPotentialThe energy that astretched rubberband hasKineticLight / HeatA boulder rollingdown a hill hasenergyEnergy created when adesk lamp convertselectric energy

JC Science – Key DefinitionsThe SunEarth’s primarysource of energyChemicalThe type ofenergy stored ina batteryExamples ofrenewable energyWind, tidal,biomass and solarenergyExamples of nonrenewable energyGas, oil, coal andother fossil fuels