Structure Of Blood Vessel Walls - Oakparkusd
19 Blood VesselsBlood VesselsOver view 3 types of blood vesselsarteries - carry blood away from heart"branch", "diverge", and "fork"veins - carry blood toward heart"join", "merge", and "converge"capillaries - site of gas exchange arteries arteriolescapillariesvenules almost all arteries carry oxygen-rich bloodveinsEXCEPTION: pulmonary artery (oxygen-poor blood) almost all veins carry oxygen-poor bloodEXCEPTION: pulmonary veins (oxygen-rich blood)We have about 60,000 miles ofblood vessels!Structure of Blood Vessel Walls lumen - blood-containing space tunica interna (innermost)simple squamous epitheliumminimizes friction as blood flows through lumen tunica media (middle)smooth muscleresponsible for vasodilation and vasoconstrictioninfluences blood flow and blood pressurethicker in arteries tunica externa (outermost)collagen and elastin fibers, nerves, and blood vesselsprotects and reinforces blood vessels, anchors it tosurrounding tissue1 Vasodilation and vasoconstriction arecaused by smooth muscle in the2 All arteries carry oxygenated bloodaway from the heart.AlumenTrueBtunica internaFalseCtunica mediaDtunica externa
19 Blood VesselsArteriesCapillaries elastic (conducting)aorta and its brancheslarge diameter (1-2.5 cm)high in elastinserve as pressure reservoirs muscular (distributing)most of the named arteries1 cm (little finger) to 0.3 mm (pencil lead) in diameterdeliver blood to specific body organsthick tunica media arterioles consist only of tunicainterna just big enough for RBCsto pass through in singlefile site of material exchange capillary beds - interweavingnetwork of capillaries (10-100) connect arterioles to venules blood flow controlled by a precapillary sphincterallows blood to be rerouted during different activitiessmallest arteries (0.3 mm to 10 micrometers)lead to capillary bedsdetermine blood flow to tissuesHOW DO CAPILLARIES EXCHANGE NUTRIENTS/WASTES?hydrostaticbloodpressuredue tocontractionOUTof leftventriclediminishingOUTOUT voicecolloidosmoticINpressureINdue toproteins inblood(albumins) constant INvoiceWinner.What is the "In" voice? How does it change?Best 2 out of 3Nonwinner.What is the "out" voice? How does itchange?
19 Blood Vessels3 MATA: Fluid moves out of capillarieswhen the is greater than the .Aout voice, in voiceBinvoice, out voiceChydrostatic pressure, osmoticpressureDosmotic pressure, hydrostaticpressureVenous System venules - small veins veinsthinner walls, but bigger lumens than arteriesserve as blood reservoirs (up to 65% of body'sblood at any given time)blood pressure lowrely on valves and skeletal muscle contractionto return blood to the heart varicose veinsweak and leaky valves causeblood to poolex. spider veins and hemorrhoidsFeeling lucky?.choose ODD OR trast arteries andveins4 are the site of nutrient exchange.5 have a larger lumen, but have athicker tunica media.AVeins, arteriesBVeins, capillariesCArteries, veinsDArteries, capillaries
19 Blood VesselsSome Definitions blood flow - volume of blood flowing through a vessel,organ, or the entire circulation in a given time period(mL/min) blood pressure (BP) - force of blood against a blood vesselwall (mm Hg)refers to systemic arterial BP (BP in major arteries near heart) peripheral resistance - opposition to flowmeasures the amount of friction blood encounters as itpasses through vesselsdepends on.blood viscosity - thickness or stickiness of blood (increaseviscosity, increase resistance)total blood vessel length - longer vessels have greaterresistanceblood vessel diameter - smaller vessels have greater resistance(varies inversely with fourth power of the radius - 1/r )46 All of the following increase resistanceEXCEPTHow are Flow, Blood Pressure, &Resistance Related?F F blood flowP difference in blood pressure between two pointsR peripheral resistance F is directly proportional to Pwhen P increases, blood flow speeds up (steep slide)when P decreases, blood flow slows down (shallow slide) F in inversely proportional to Rwhen R increases, blood flow decreaseswhen R decreases, blood flow increases R is more important than P in determining blood flow(diameter constantly changes)7 Blood flow depends on resistance andpressure differences.Alonger blood vesselsTrueBthick bloodFalseCvasodilationDsmall diameterBlood Pressure a pressure gradient keeps blood flowing from higher(aorta) to lower (R atria) blood pressure measure arterial blood pressurethe pressure blood exerts against artery walls whenthe left ventricle contractssystolic pressure 120 mm Hg in healthy adultsarterial wall expand to accommodate blooddiastolic pressure 80 mm Hg in healthy adultsarterial walls recoil in preparation for more blood BP is measured using a sphygomanometerPR
19 Blood VesselsMaintaining Blood PressureBaroreceptors factors that influence BPcardiac output, peripheral resistance, and blood volume requires coordinated effort of brain, heart, bloodvessels, and kidneys neural control of BP - short termvasomotor center (medulla) - controls cardiac outputand blood vessel diameterbaroreceptor-initiated reflexes - respond to stretch andcause vasodilation (lowers BP)chemoreceptor-initiated reflexes - respond to increases incarbon dioxide and cause vasoconstriction (increaseBP) kidney control of BP - long termmaintain BP homeostasis by regulating blood volumetoo much fluid, BP risestoo little fluid, BP dropsMaintaining vascular HomeostasisHigh Card Wins.Best 2 out of 3RIGHTWinner.What is blood pressure?LEFTnonwinner.Short termMaintenanceof BP.Winner.Longtermmaintenanceof BP.nonwinner.how is it measured?
19 Blood Vessels8 MATA: Blood pressureAmeasures systolic over diastolicpressureBis normal at 120/80 mm HgCis a sign of cardiovascular healthDmeasures the pressure of bloodagainst an artery wall9 MATA: Blood pressure is maintained bytheAbrainBheartCblood vesselsDkidneys
3 types of blood vessels arteries - carry blood away from heart "branch", "diverge", and "fork" veins - carry blood toward heart . 2All arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart. True False. 19 Blood Vessels Arteries . blood vessel diameter - smaller vessels have greater
Retaining walls may be non-proprietary systems such as gravity walls, cantilever walls, counterfort walls or tie-back walls, or may be proprietary systems such as mechanically stabilized earth walls or prefabricated modular walls. The tops of retaining walls shall not be determined by the exact fill slope but shall follow a
vessel as, ASME code enables design of Horizontal or a Vertical vessel but there was no provision for an Inclined Vessel in it. The . Skirt Support for High Pressure Vessel Using Finite Element Method K Tamil Mannan et al. (2009) Pressure vessel is a closed cylindrical vessel for storing
2/27/2011 6 11 37220 - Iliac angioplasty, initial vessel 37221 - Iliac stent, initial vessel 37222 - Iliac angioplasty, additional vessel 37223 - Iliac stent, additional vessel 0238T - Iliac atherectomy, each vessel, (bill separately) - Use 1 initial vessel and up to 2 additional vessel .
TABLE OF CONTENTS 3 BLOOD CULTURE ESSENTIALS p. 2 1 What is a blood culture? p. 4 2 Why are blood cultures important? p. 4 3 When should a blood culture be performed? p. 5 4 What volume of blood should be collected? p. 6 5 How many blood culture sets should be collected? p. 8 6 Which media to use? p. 10 7 Timing of blood cultures p. 11 8 How to collect blood cultures p. 12
A blood can receive blood from a person with type A or type O. A person with type B blood can receive blood from a person with type B or type O. A person with type B blood can donate blood for persons with either type B or type AB blood. Actually, blood banking is more complicated than this simple description, with test run for other minor
There are various external wall systems used in the local industry, including precast concrete walls, cast in-situ reinforced concrete walls, brickwalls, curtain walls, cladding walls, concrete block walls, etc. Due to volume constraint, this publication focuses on precast concrete walls, cast in-situ reinforced concrete walls and plastered .
6) Reinforced soil walls are generally less expensive to construct than "conventional" retaining walls. Figure 1.2 shows the comparative costs of reinforced soil retaining walls and conventional reinforced concrete walls. For walls with height less than 25 ft, reinforced soil walls using geosynthetics as
During the 1970s remarkable properties of black holes were studied theoreti-cally resulting in the black hole laws that are analogous to the thermodynamical laws. In 1975 Hawking studied the quantum field theory in the region of a black hole event horizon. He found that black holes emit radiation and that this radia- tion had a thermal spectrum. This is a thermodynamical phenomenon resulting .
