SECTION 00 14 00 - QUALITY ASSURANCE/QUALITY CONTROL - BeltLine

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Arthur Langford Jr. Park Site ImprovementsSection 00 14 00Quality Assurance/Quality ControlSECTION 00 14 00 - QUALITY ASSURANCE/QUALITY CONTROLPART 1 - GENERAL1.1 SCOPEThis section includes requirements for the implementation of the Contractor’s quality assuranceand quality control program.1.2 SITE INVESTIGATION AND CONTROLA.Contractor shall check and verify all dimensions and conditions in the field continuouslyduring construction. Contractor shall be solely responsible for any inaccuracies built intothe Work due to Contractor’s (including subcontractor’s) failure to comply with thisrequirement.B.Contractor shall inspect related and appurtenant Work and report in writing to theOwner’s Representative any conditions that will prevent proper completion of the Work.Failure to report and such conditions shall constitute acceptance of all Site conditions,and any required removal, repair, or replacement caused by unsuitable conditions shallbe performed by the Contractor solely and entirely at Contractor’s expense.1.3 INSPECTION OF THE WORKA.All work performed by the Contractor and subcontractors shall be inspected by theContractor and non-conforming Work and any safety hazards in the work area shall benoted and promptly corrected. The Contractor is responsible for the Work to beperformed safely and in conformance to the Agreement Documents.B.The Work shall be conducted under the general observation of the Owner’sRepresentative and is subject to inspection by representatives of the Owner to ensurestrict compliance with the requirements of the Agreement Documents. Such inspectionmay include mill, plant, shop, or field inspection, as required. The Owner’sRepresentative or any inspector(s) shall be permitted access to all parts of the Work,including plants where materials or equipment are manufactured or fabricated.C.The presence of the Owner’s Representative, or any inspector(s), however, shall notrelieve the Contractor of the responsibility for the proper execution of the Work inaccordance with all requirements of the Agreement Documents. Compliance is theresponsibility of the Contractor. No act or omission on the part of the Owner’sRepresentative, or any inspector(s) shall be construed as relieving Contractor of thisresponsibility. Inspection of Work later determined to be non-conforming shall not because or excuse for acceptance of the non-conforming Work. The Owner’sRepresentative may accept non-conforming Work when adequate compensation isoffered and it is in the Owner’s best interest as determined solely by the Owner.Atlanta Beltline Inc.Quality Assurance/ Quality Control001400 - 1

Arthur Langford Jr. Park Site ImprovementsSection 00 14 00Quality Assurance/Quality ControlD.All materials and articles furnished by the Contractor or subcontractors shall be subjectto rigid documented inspection, by qualified personnel, and no materials or articles shallbe used in the Work until they have been inspected and accepted by the Contractor’sQuality Control representative and the Owner’s Representative or other designatedrepresentative. No Work shall be backfilled, buried, cast in concrete, covered, orotherwise hidden until it has been inspected. Any Work covered in the absence ofinspection shall be subject to uncovering. Where uninspected Work cannot be easilyuncovered, such as in concrete cast over reinforcing steel, all such Work shall be subjectto demolition, removal, and reconstruction under proper inspection at the Contractor’sexpense.E.All materials, equipment and/or articles furnished to the Contractor by the City shall besubject to rigid inspection by Contractor’s Quality Control representative before beingused or placed by Contractor. Contractor shall inform Owner’s Representative, in writing,of the results of said inspections within one working day after completion of inspection.In the event Contractor believes any material or articles provided by City to be ofinsufficient quality for use in the Work, Contractor shall immediately notify Owner’sRepresentative.1.4 TIME OF INSPECTION AND TESTSA.Samples and test specimens required under these Specifications shall be furnished andprepared for testing in ample time for the completion of the necessary tests andanalyses before said articles or materials are to be used. The Contractor shall furnishand prepare all required test specimens at Contractor’s own expense.B.With the exception of emergency-response situations, whenever the Contractor is readyto backfill, bury, cast in concrete, hide, or otherwise cover any Work under this Contract,the Owner’s Representative shall be notified not less than three Work Days in advanceto request inspection before beginning any such Work of covering. Failure of theContractor to notify the Owner’s Representative at least three Work Days in advance ofany such inspections shall be reasonable cause for the Owner’s Representative to ordera sufficient delay in the Contractor’s schedule to allow time for such inspection. In theevent of emergency response situations, Contractor shall provide Owner’sRepresentative as much advance notice of schedule and upcoming activities as isfeasible. Failure of the Contractor to provide advanced requests for normal inspectionsshall not constitute an “Emergency Situation”. The costs of any remedial or correctivework required, and all costs of such delays, including its impact on other portions of theWork, shall be borne by the Contractor.Atlanta Beltline Inc.Quality Assurance/ Quality Control001400 - 2

Arthur Langford Jr. Park Site ImprovementsSection 00 14 00Quality Assurance/Quality Control1.5 SAMPLING AND TESTINGA.The Contractor shall retain and pay for an independent materials testing agencyapproved by the Owner’s Representative and the Owner. This independent testingagency will develop and submit a testing plan for quality assurance on each type of workactivity. The testing agency will document the processes and procedures utilized toverify and maintain quality work. When not otherwise specified, all sampling and testingshall be in accordance with the methods prescribed in the most current standards, asapplicable to the class and nature of the article or materials considered. However, theOwner’s Representative reserves the right to use any generally accepted system ofinspection which, in the opinion of the Owner’s Representative, will ensure the Owner’sRepresentative that the quality of the workmanship is in full accord with the AgreementDocuments.B.The Owner’s Representative reserves the right to abbreviate, modify the frequency of orwaive tests or quality assurance measures, but waiver of any specific testing or otherquality assurance measure, whether or not such waiver is accompanied by a guaranteeof substantial performance as a relief from the specified testing or other qualityassurance requirements as originally specified, and whether or not such guarantee isaccompanied by a performance bond to assure execution of any necessary corrective orremedial work, shall not be construed as a waiver of any technical or qualitativerequirements of the Agreement Documents.C.Notwithstanding the existence of such waiver, the Owner and the Owner’sRepresentative shall reserve the right to make independent investigations and tests asspecified in the following paragraph and failure of any portion of the Work to meet any ofthe qualitative requirements of the Agreement Documents, shall be reasonable cause forthe Owner or the Owner’s Representative to require the removal or correction andreconstruction of any such Work.D.In addition to any other inspection or quality assurance provisions that may be specified,the Owner’s Representative shall have the right to independently select, test, andanalyze, at the expense of the Owner, additional test specimens of any or all of thematerials to be used. Results of such tests and analyses shall be considered along withthe tests or analyses made by the Contractor to determine compliance with theapplicable specifications for the materials so tested or analyzed provided that whereverany portion of the Work is discovered, as a result of such independent testing orinvestigation by the Owner’s Representative, which fails to meet the requirements of theAgreement Documents, all costs of such independent inspection and investigation andall costs of removal, correction, reconstruction, or repair of any such Work shall be borneby the Contractor.1.6 CONTRACTOR’S QUALITY ASSURANCE/QUALITY CONTROL REQUIREMENTSA.The Contractor shall establish and execute a Quality Assurance/Quality Control (QA/QC)program for the services that are being procured from the Contractor. The program shallprovide the Contractor with adequate measures for verification and conformance todefined requirements by his personnel and lower-tier subcontractors (includingfabricators, suppliers, and sub-subcontractors). This program shall be described in aplan responsive to this Section. It shall utilize the services of an independent testingagency/company that is industry certified to provide quality assurance and compliancewith the standards specified.Atlanta Beltline Inc.Quality Assurance/ Quality Control001400 - 3

Arthur Langford Jr. Park Site ImprovementsSection 00 14 00Quality Assurance/Quality ControlB.The Contractor shall furnish the Owner’s Representative a project specific QA/QC Plan.The Plan shall contain a comprehensive account of Contractor's QA/QC procedures asapplicable to this job. The Contractor shall furnish for review by the Owner and theOwner’s Representative, no later than 14 days after receipt of a Notice to Proceed, theQA/QC plan proposed to be implemented. The plan shall identify personnel, procedures,control, instructions, tests, records, and forms to be used. Construction will be permittedto begin only after acceptance of the QA/QC Plan. The detailed requirements for thisPlan are delineated in the following paragraphs. No payments will be made to theContractor until the QA/QC Plan is fully accepted by the Owner’s Representative.C.The QA/QC Plan shall describe and define the personnel requirements described herein.The Contractor shall designate an on-site Field QA/QC Manager per section 1100 ofthese specifications to manage, address and resolve all quality control issues.D.1.QA/QC Manager shall be as identified by the Contractor and agreed to by theOwner. A QA/QC Manager shall be onsite at all times during while work is beingperformed by the contractor, to remedy and demonstrate that work is beingperformed properly and to make multiple observations of all Work in progress.2.The Contractor shall provide additional personnel who are assigned to assist theQA/QC Manager as required to fulfill the requirements of the QA/QC Plan. TheContractor shall provide authority to the QA/QC Manager to adequately perform thefunctions of the QA/QC Manager, including authority to stop work which is not incompliance with the contract.The Contractor’s QA/QC program shall ensure the achievement of adequate qualitythroughout all applicable areas of the contract. A customized QA/QC Plan shall bedeveloped that discusses each type of work that the Contractor is responsible for withinthe Project. The QA/QC Plan shall describe the program and include procedures, workinstructions and records and a description of the quality control organization.1.This plan shall require a preparatory installation training, follow-up monitoring andon going observation of the work.a. The preparatory installation training class attendance will be required by theContractor’s and/or sub-contractor’s crews before the start of each newconstruction activity. The Owner’s Representative will attend and monitor thetraining.b. The follow-up monitoring will take place no later then 10 days after thepreparatory installation training. The follow-up monitoring will require the workcrews to continue to demonstrate the proper means and methods ofconstruction as performed in the preparatory installation training class. If in thesole judgment of the Owner’s Representative that work is not being performedas per the QA/QC plan and/or the Agreement Documents, the crews shalldiscontinue the work and will be required to attend the preparatory trainingclass, again. Any retraining will be at no cost to the City.Atlanta Beltline Inc.Quality Assurance/ Quality Control001400 - 4

Arthur Langford Jr. Park Site ImprovementsSection 00 14 00Quality Assurance/Quality Controlc. Ongoing monitoring will be taken place throughout the duration of the project.The on going monitoring will require the work crews to demonstrate the propermeans and methods of construction as performed in the preparatory class. If inthe judgement of the Owner’s Representative that work is not being performedas per the QA/QC plan and/or the Agreement Documents the crews shall berequired to attend the preparatory training class, again. Any retraining will be atno cost to the City.E.Identification and Control of Items and Materials: Procedures to ensure that items ormaterials that have been accepted at the site are properly used and installed shall bedescribed in the QA/QC Plan.F.The procedures shall provide for proper identification and storage, and prevent the useof incorrect or defective materials.G.Inspection and Tests: The Contractor shall have written procedures defining a programfor control of inspections performed and these procedures shall be described in theQA/QC Plan.1.2.3.Inspections and tests shall be performed and documented by qualified individuals.At a minimum, "qualified" shall mean having performed similar QA/QC functions onsimilar type projects for a minimum of five (5) years. Records of personnelexperience, training and qualifications shall be submitted to the Owner’sRepresentative for review and approval.The Contractor shall maintain and provide to the Owner’s Representative, within twoworking days of completion of each inspection and test, adequate records of allsuch inspections and tests. Inspection and test results shall be documented andevaluated to ensure that requirements have been satisfied.Procedures shall include:a. Specific instructions defining procedures for observing all Work in process andcomparing this Work with the Contract requirements.b.Maintaining and providing Daily QA/QC Inspection Reports. Such reports shall,at a minimum, include the following:i. Dated list of Item(s) inspectedii. Location of the test sample(s)iii. Logs, detailed locational drawings and confirmation reportsiv. Quality characteristics in compliancev. Quality characteristics not in compliancevi. Corrective/remedial actions takenvii. Statement of certificationviii. QC Manager’s signaturec.Specific instructions for recording all observations and requirements fordemonstrating through the reports that the Work observed was in compliance ora deficiency was noted and action to be taken.d.Procedures to preclude the covering of deficient or rejected Work.e.Procedures for halting or rejecting Work.Atlanta Beltline Inc.Quality Assurance/ Quality Control001400 - 5

Arthur Langford Jr. Park Site ImprovementsSection 00 14 00Quality Assurance/Quality Controlf.Procedures for resolution of differences between the QA/QC representative(s)and the production representative(s).g.Method of documenting QA/QC process and results including:i.ii.iii.iv.Automatic exception reportingResolution trackingQuality Confirmation Test reportsSample retention index and storage4.The QA/QC Plan shall identify all contractual hold/inspection points as well as anyContractor imposed hold/inspections points.5.The QA/QC Plan shall include procedures to provide verification and control of alltesting provided by Contractor including:a.Individual test records will contain the following information:i.Item tested –item number and descriptionii.Test resultsiii.Test designationiv.Test work sheet including location sample was obtainedv.Acceptance or rejectionvi.Date sample was obtainedvii.Retest information, if applicableviii.Control requirementsix.Tester signaturex.Testing QC staff initialsb.Maintaining and providing to the Owner’s Representative Daily TestingRecords. Such records shall, at a minimum, contain the following:i.Dated list of Item(s) inspectedii.Location of the test sample(s)iii.Logs, detailed locational drawings and confirmation reportsiv.Quality characteristics in compliancev.Quality characteristics not in compliancevi.Corrective/remedial actions takenvii.Statement of certificationc.QC Manager’s signature providing for location maps/drawings (i.e. lift drawings,laying schedules, etc.) for all tests performed or location of Work covered by thetests.d.Maintaining copies of all test results.e.Ensuring Owner’s Representative receives independent copy of all tests.f.Ensuring testing lab(s) are functioning independently and in accordance withthe specifications.g.Ensuring re-tests are properly taken and documented.Atlanta Beltline Inc.Quality Assurance/ Quality Control001400 - 6

Arthur Langford Jr. Park Site ImprovementsSection 00 14 00Quality Assurance/Quality ControlH. Control of Measuring and Test Equipment: Measuring and/or testing instruments shall beadequately maintained, calibrated, certified and adjusted to maintain accuracy withinprescribed limits. Calibration shall be performed at specified periods against validstandards traceable to nationally recognized standards and documented.I.Supplier Quality Assurance: The QA/QC Plan shall include procedures to ensure thatprocured products and services conform to the requirements of the Specifications.Requirements of these procedures shall be applied, as appropriate, to lower-tiersuppliers and/or subcontractors. QA/QC inspections and certifications may not bedeferred to the Contractor’s subs or suppliers.J.Deficient, Defective, and Non-conforming Work; Corrective Action:1.The QA/QC Plan shall include procedures for handling of deficiencies and nonconformances. Deficiencies and non-conformances are defined as documentation,drawings, material, and equipment or Work not conforming to the specifiedrequirements or procedures. The procedure shall prevent non-conformances byidentification, documentation, evaluation, separation, disposition and correctiveaction to prevent recurrence. Conditions having adverse effects on quality shall bepromptly identified and reported to the senior level management. The cause ofconditions adverse to quality shall be determined and documented and measuresimplemented to prevent recurrence. In addition, at a minimum, this procedure shalladdress:a.b.c.d.e.f.K.Personnel responsible for identifying deficient and non-complying items withinthe work.How and by whom deficient and non-compliant items are documented “in thefield”.The personnel and process utilized for logging deficient and non-compliantwork at the end of each day onto a Deficiency Log.Tracking processes and tracking documentation for Deficient and NonCompliant items.Personnel responsible for achieving resolution of outstanding deficiencies.Once resolved, how are the resolutions documented and by whom.Special Processes And Personnel Qualifications1.2.The QA/QC Plan shall include detailed procedures for the performance and controlof special process (e.g. welding, soldering, heat treating, cleaning, plating,nondestructive examination, etc.).Personnel performing special process tasks shall have the experience, training andcertifications commensurate with the scope, complexity, or nature of the activity.They shall be approved by the Owner’s Representative before the start of Work onthe Project.Atlanta Beltline Inc.Quality Assurance/ Quality Control001400 - 7

Arthur Langford Jr. Park Site ImprovementsSection 00 14 00Quality Assurance/Quality ControlL.Audits: The Contractor’s QA/QC program shall provide for documented audits to verifythat QA/QC procedures are being fully implemented by the Contractor as well as itssubtiers. Audit records shall be made available to the Owner’s Representative uponrequest and will provide to the Owner, reports indicating any outstanding and unresolvedexceptions to the QA/QC program or Agreement Documents. This will includedocumentation on any standards modifications, corrections, failed tests and a review offield procedures and checks and balances effectiveness.M. Documented Control/Quality Records1.The Contractor shall establish methods for control of Agreement Documents thatdescribe how Drawings and Specifications are received and distributed to assurethe correct issue of the document being used. The methods shall also describe howas-built data are documented and furnished to the Owner’s Representative.2.The Contractor shall maintain evidence of activities affecting quality, includingoperating logs, records of inspections and tests, audit reports, material analyses,personnel qualification and certification records, procedures, and document reviewrecords.3.Quality records shall be maintained in a manner that provides for timely retrieval,and traceability. Quality records shall be protected from deterioration, damage, anddestruction. The Contractor shall maintain an automated exceptions list of any nonconforming or defective or substandard work.4.The Contractor shall provide a list with specific records as specified in theAgreement Documents which will be furnished to the Owner’s Representative at thecompletion of activities and in conjunction with logs and locational drawings.N. Acceptance of QA/QC Plan: Owner’s Representative’s review and acceptance of theContractor’s QA/QC Plan shall not relieve the Contractor from any of its obligations forthe performance of the Work. The Contractor’s QA/QC staffing is subject to the Owner’sRepresentative’s review and continued acceptance. The City, at its sole option, withoutcause, may direct the Contractor to remove and replace the QA/QC representative. NoWork covered by the QA/QC Plan shall start until Owner’s Representative’s acceptanceof Contractor’s QA/QC plan has been obtained.O. Owner’s Representative may perform independent quality assurance audits to verify thatactions specified in Contractor’s QA/QC Plan have been implemented. No Owner’sRepresentative audit finding or report shall in any way relieve Contractor from anyrequirements of this Contract.1.7 TESTING SERVICESA. All tests which require the services of a laboratory to determine compliance with theAgreement Documents shall be performed by an independent commercial testing firmacceptable to Owner’s Representative. The testing firm’s laboratory shall be staffed withexperienced technicians, properly equipped and fully qualified to perform the tests inaccordance with the specified standards. All standard quality assurance testing andinstallation verification testing will be at the expense of the Contractor.Atlanta Beltline Inc.Quality Assurance/ Quality Control001400 - 8

Arthur Langford Jr. Park Site ImprovementsSection 00 14 00Quality Assurance/Quality ControlB.Contractor’s independent testing laboratory shall be accredited by the AmericanAssociation of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) for the tests theywill perform and as appropriate to the construction work being performed. TheContractor’s laboratory shall also be AASHTO accredited in: ASTM C1077-92, “Practicefor Laboratories Testing Concrete and Concrete Aggregates for Use in Construction andCriteria for Laboratory Evaluation”; ASTM D3740, “Practice for Evaluation of AgenciesEngaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as Used in Owner’sDesign/Construction”; and ASTM D3666, “Specifications for Minimum Requirements forAgencies Testing and Inspecting Bituminous Paving Materials”; ACI, American ConcreteInstitute standards and specified industry standards for sewers, waterlines, sidewalks,curbs and other applicable work.C. Testing, when required, will be in accordance with all pertinent codes and regulationsand with procedures and requirements of the American Society for Testing and Materials(ASTM).D. The Owner’s Representative shall have the right to inspect work performed by theindependent testing laboratory both at the project and at the laboratory. This shallinclude inspection of the independent testing laboratory’s internal quality assurancerecords (quality assurance manual, equipment calibrations, proficiency sampleperformance, etc.).E.Contractor shall obtain Owner’s Representative’s acceptance of the testing firm beforehaving services performed, and shall pay all costs for these testing services.F.Testing services provided by City, if any, are for the sole benefit of City, however, testresults shall be available to Contractor. Testing necessary to satisfy Contractor’s internalquality control procedures shall be the sole responsibility of Contractor.G. LABORATORY DUTIES1.Cooperate with Owner’s Representative and Contractor.2.Provide qualified personnel promptly on notice.3.Perform specified inspections, sampling and testing of materials and methods ofconstruction.4.Comply with specified standards, ASTM, other recognized authorities and asspecified.5.Ascertain compliance with requirements of Agreement Documents.6.Promptly notify Owner’s Representative and Contractor of irregularity or deficiencyof work, which are observed during performance of services.7.Perform additional services as required.Atlanta Beltline Inc.Quality Assurance/ Quality Control001400 - 9

Arthur Langford Jr. Park Site ImprovementsSection 00 14 00Quality Assurance/Quality Control8.Promptly submit two written copies and one electronic copy of the report for eachtest to the Owner’s Representative. Transmit to the Owner’s Representative withinthree workdays after each test is completed. Each report for each type of test shallbe consecutively numbered. Each report shall include:a. Date issuedb. Project title and numberc. Testing laboratory name and addressd. Name and signature of inspectore. Date of inspection or samplingf. Record of temperature and weatherg. Date of testh. Identification of product and Specification sectioni. Location of Projectj. Type of inspection or testk. Results of testl. Observations regarding compliance with Agreement Documents9.Laboratory is not authorized to:a.b.Release, revoke, alter or enlarge on requirements of Agreement Documents.Approve or accept any portion of Work.H. TESTING SERVICES FURNISHED BY CONTRACTOR1.Unless otherwise specified, and in addition to all other specified testingrequirements, Contractor shall provide all testing services as required for Owner’sRepresentative’s review:a.b.c.d.e.f.g.h.i.j.2.Concrete strength tests. Include Slump, Air Content, Temperature, and UnitWeight.Moisture-density and relative density tests on embankment, fill, and backfillmaterials.In-place field density test on embankments, fills, and backfill.Other materials and equipment as specified herein.Concrete materials and mix designsEmbankment, fill, and backfill materials, density, optimum moistures andcompaction.QC testing of all precast and/or pre-stressed concreteAll other tests and Owner’s Representative data required for Owner’sRepresentative’s review of materials and equipment proposed to be used in theWorkFoundation Bearing Test.Asphalt Tests: Include: Temperature, Thickness, Extraction and Gradation, accontent, Marshal Stability, and Flow.In addition, the following QC tests shall be performed by Contractor:a.b.Holiday testing of pipeline or other coatings.Slumps, air bucket tests, compression tests and other confirmation testsAtlanta Beltline Inc.Quality Assurance/ Quality Control001400 - 10

Arthur Langford Jr. Park Site ImprovementsSection 00 14 00Quality Assurance/Quality Controlc.d.Air testing of field-welded joints for steel pipe or pipe cylinders and fabricatedspecials.All testing and inspection of welding work including, but not limited to, weldingprocedure qualifications, welder operator qualifications, all work performed bythe certified welding inspector, all appropriate nondestructive testing of weldsand all repair and retest of weld defects.3.Testing, including sampling, shall be performed by Contractor’s testing firm'slaboratory personnel, in general manner and frequency indicated in theSpecifications. The Owner’s Representative and/or the City of Atlanta’srepresentative shall have the right to stipulate the location of the confirmation tests.Contractor shall provide preliminary representative samples of materials to be testedto laboratory, in required quantities.4.The testing firm's laboratory shall perform all laboratory tests within a reasonabletime consistent with the specified standards and will furnish a written report of eachtest.5.Contractor shall furnish all sample materials and cooperate in the testing activities,including sampling. Contractor shall interrupt the Work when necessary to allowtesting, including sampling to be performed. Contractor shall have no claim for anincrease in Contract Price or Contract Times due to such interruption. TheContractor shall be responsible for transporting all samples, except those taken bytesting laboratory personnel, to the testing laboratory.6.When testing activities, including sampling are performed in the field by the testfirm’s laboratory personnel, Contractor shall furnish required labor and facilities.a. To provide access to Work to be testedb. To obtain and handle samples at the sitec. To facilitate inspections and testsd. Build or furnish a holding box for concrete cylinders or other samples asrequired by the laboratory.I.7.Where such inspection and testing are to be conducted by an independentlaboratory agency, the sample or samples shall be selected by such laboratory oragency or the Owner’s Representative and shipped to the laboratory by theContractor at Contractor's expense.8.Notify laboratory sufficiently in advance of operation to allow for the assignment ofpersonnel and schedules of tests.9.The Contractor shall be responsible for furnishing all materials necessary for testing.Transmittal of Test Reports: Written

Section 00 14 00 Quality Assurance/Quality Control 1.5 SAMPLING AND TESTING A. The Contractor shall retain and pay for an independent materials testing agency approved by the Owner's Representative and the Owner. This independent testing agency will develop and submit a testing plan for quality assurance on each type of work activity.

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