The United Republic Of Tanzania - Nbs
THE UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIANational Bureau of StatisticsMinistry of FinanceDar es SalaamNovember, 2014
National Bureau of StatisticsVisionTo be a preferable source of official statistics in TanzaniaMissionTo facilitate informed decision-making process, through provision of relevant, timely and reliable user-drivenstatistical information, coordinating statistical activities and promoting the adherence to statisticalmethodologies and standards.Director GeneralP.O. Box 796 Dar es SalaamTelephone 255 22 2122724General OfficeP.O. Box 796 Dar es SalaamTelephone 255 22 2122722/318 KivukoniRoad Fax:11992 Dar es SalaamE-mail:dg@nbs.go.tz, [Website www.nbs.go.tz] 255 22 2130852
TanzaniaForeign Trade Statistics 2013FOREWORDThe Foreign Trade Statistics 2013 publication is the 4th in a series of publications on foreign trade.This publication provides trade statistics series in the United Republic of Tanzania (URT) from 2007to 2013. In this publication, foreign trade statistics refer to international, foreign or externalmerchandise trade statistics unless otherwise stated. In this publication, the term merchandise has thesame meaning as goods or commodities.The recommendations of the United Nations Statistical Commission on compilation of trade statisticsas contained in International Merchandise Trade Statistics; Concept and Definitions Revision 2published by the United Nations Statistics Division (UNSD) in 1998 provides the framework for datacompilation and interpretation.The publication contains series of Imports, Domestic Exports, Re-exports as well as the Balance ofTrade for the World, East African Community (EAC) and Southern Africa Development Community(SADC). It further provides trade statistics series of major traditional and non-traditional exports,commodities classified by the Standard International Trade Classification (SITC), InternationalConvention on Harmonised Commodity Description and Coding System (HS) as well as the tradingcountries.It is my expectation that this report will continue to be a useful source of information to stakeholdersincluding policy makers, private sector, development partners, research institutions, academia and thegeneral public. In this regard, I am optimistic that the compiled statistics in this report will be usefulfor making more informed decisions.I wish to express my sincere appreciation to the Technical Team comprised of staff from the NationalBureau of Statistics (NBS) and the Tanzania Revenue Authority (TRA) for their dedication andcommitment which has led to the finalization of this publication. The National Bureau of Statisticswelcomes views, comments and suggestions from users for improving future publications.Dr. Albina ChuwaDirector General,National Bureau of Statistics,Dar es Salaam,TANZANIA.i
TanzaniaForeign Trade Statistics 2013Table of ContentsForeword . iList of Figures . iiiList of Tables . ivAcronyms . vi1.0Introduction . 12.0Methodology . 13.0An Overview of Foreign Trade Performance for the year 2013. . 43.1International Merchandise Trade Performance . 43.2Trade Performance with EAC Countries . 10ii
TanzaniaForeign Trade Statistics 2013LIST OF FIGURESFigure 1:Exports, Imports and Balance of Trade: 2007 - 2013 . 5Figure 2:Traditional and Non-Traditional Exports, 2007 - 2013 . 6Figure 3:Domestic Exports by Commodity (Percent), 2013 . 7Figure 4:Direct Imports by Commodity, 2013 (Percent) . 8Figure 5:Value of Imports by Major Countries of Origin, 2013 . 9Figure 6:Value of Domestic Exports by Major Destinations, 2013 . 10Figure 7:EAC Intra-Trade Performance, 2007 – 2013 . 11Figure 8:Shares of Domestic Exports by Major Commodities to EAC, 2013 . 12Figure 9:Share of Imports by Major Commodities from EAC 2013. 13Figure 10:Domestic Exports to EAC Partner States: 2007- 2013 . 14Figure 11:Imports from EAC Partner States: 2007 - 2013 . 14iii
TanzaniaForeign Trade Statistics 2013LIST OF TABLESTable 1:Value of Tanzania Foreign Trade; 2007 - 2013 . 15Table 2:Value of Domestic Exports by Commodity (SITC), Tanzania, 2007 - 2013 . 15Table 3:Quantity and Value of the Major Domestic Exports, Tanzania, 2007 - 2013 . 16Table 4:Quantity and Value of Traditional and Non-Traditional Domestic Exports, Tanzania,2007 - 2013 . 17Table 5:Export Prices of Principal Commodities, Tanzania, 2007 - 2013 . 18Table 6:Domestic Exports by Country of Destination (Top 20 Countries); Tanzania, 2007 2013 . 18Table 7:Domestic Exports by Commodity (Top 20 HS12 Chapter Level), Tanzania, 2007 2013 . 19Table 8:Domestic Exports by Commodity and Area of Destination, Tanzania, 2007 - 2013 . 20Table 9:Major Traditional Exports by Country of Destination, Tanzania, 2013 . 22Table 10: Direct Imports by SITC- Commodities, Tanzania, 2007 - 2013 . 26Table 11: Direct Imports by SITC - Commodities and Area of Origin, Tanzania, 2007 - 2013 . 27Table 12: Direct Imports by Country of Origin (Top 20 Countries), Tanzania, 2007 - 2013 . 29Table 13: Direct Imports by Commodity (Top 20 Commodities in HS12 Chapter Level),Tanzania, 2007 - 2013 . 30Table 14: Imports of Sensitive Goods by HS12 Commodities, Tanzania, 2007 - 2013 . 31Table 15: Tanzania’s Intra-Trade with EAC Partner States, Tanzania, 2007 - 2013 . 35Table 16: Tanzania Domestic Exports to EAC Partner States, Tanzania, 2007 - 2013. . 35Table 17: Tanzania’s Direct Imports from EAC Partner States, Tanzania, 2007 - 2013 . 35Table 18: Tanzania, Domestic Exports to EAC Partner States by HS12 Division (Top 20Commodities), 2007 - 2013 . 36Table 19: Tanzania, Direct Imports from EAC Partner States by HS12 Chapter (Top 20Commodities), 2007 - 2013 . 37iv
TanzaniaForeign Trade Statistics 2013Table 19: Tanzania, Domestic Exports to EAC Partner States by SITC Commodities, 2007 2013 . 37Table 20: Tanzania, Direct Imports by SITC Commodities from EAC Partner States, 2007 2013 . 38Table 21: Tanzania Intra-Trade with SADC Partner States, 2007 - 2013 . 38Table 22: Tanzania Domestic Export to SADC Partner States, 2007 - 2013. 38Table 23: Tanzania Direct Imports from SADC Partner States, 2007 - 2013 . 39Table 24: Tanzania, Direct Imports from SADC Partner States by HS12 Chapter (Top 20Commodities), 2007 - 2013 . 39Table 25: Tanzania, Domestic Exports to SADC Partner States by HS12 Chapter (Top 20Commodities), 2007 - 2013 . 40Table 26: Tanzania, Domestic Exports to SADC Partner States by SITC Commodities, 2007 2013 . 40Table 27: Tanzania, Direct Imports from SADC Partner States by SITC Commodities, 2007 2013 . 41v
TanzaniaForeign Trade Statistics 2013ACRONYMSACVAgreement on Customs ValuationUNSDUnited Nations Statistics DivisionASYCUDAAutomated System of Customs Data AdministrationBOPBalance of PaymentsCETCommon External TariffCIFCost, Insurance and FreightDRCDemocratic Republic of CongoEACEast African CommunityEAC CUEast African Community Customs UnionEUEuropean UnionFOBFree on BoardHSHarmonized SystemNBSNational Bureau of StatisticsSADCSouthern Africa Development CommunitySITCStandard International Trade ClassificationSNASystems of National AccountsTANSADTanzania Single Administrative DeclarationTRATanzania Revenue AuthorityWCOWorld Customs OrganizationWTOWorld Trade OrganizationURTUnited Republic of Tanzaniavi
TanzaniaForeign Trade Statistics 20131.0INTRODUCTIONThe Foreign Trade Statistics 2013 publication provides trade statistics time series for the period 2007– 2013. In order to facilitate the interpretation and understanding of the published trade statistics, thereport provides an overview of the scope and methodology of data collection. An overview of foreigntrade performance between Tanzania and the rest of the world as well as regional economic blocs ofinterest including the East African Community (EAC) and the Southern Africa DevelopmentCommunity (SADC) have been provided. Appended tables provide the reader with detailed insight onforeign trade over the 2007 - 2013 period.2.0METHODOLOGYThis publication deals only with international merchandise trade and therefore excludes trade inservices. Foreign trade statistics are compiled in accordance with the recommendations of UnitedNations Statistical Commission as contained in International Merchandise Trade Statistics; Conceptand Definitions Revision 2 report published by the United National Statistics Division in 2010 whichprovides the framework for data compilation and interpretation.Source of DataThe main source of international merchandise trade statistics is the bill of entry known as TanzaniaSingle Administrative Document (TANSAD) administered by the Tanzania Revenue Authority forclearing of goods at all border stations of the United Republic of Tanzania.Timing of RecordingImported and exported goods are recorded at the time they enter or leave the economic territory of acountry. For customs based data, the time of recording is the date of lodgement of the customsdeclaration since it is approximated as the time at which goods cross the border of the economicterritory of a country.Data Capture and AnalysisTRA has automated customs clearance process through ASYCUDA system in all major customsstations across the country and therefore accounting for 100 percent of all legal international tradetransactions. On monthly basis, data from ASYCUDA are transferred and loaded into a Eurotracedatabase, validated and disseminated to the National Bureau of Statistics for compilation andpublication of Foreign Trade Statistics.1
TanzaniaForeign Trade Statistics 2013Commodity ClassificationCustoms data are classified according to the International Convection on Harmonised CommodityDescription and Coding System approved by the World Customs Organisation. Both the HarmonisedSystem Version 2012 and the Standard International Trade Classification (SITC) Revision 4 of 2006have been used for classification of commodities portrayed in this reportStatistical Value of Imports and ExportsStatistical value is the value assigned to goods, in accordance with the World Trade Organisation’sAgreement on Customs Valuation (WTO-ACV), by the Tanzania Revenue Authority as follows:a)Imported goods are valued at Cost, Insurance and Freight (C.I.F) which includes the transactionvalue of the goods, the value of services performed to deliver goods to the border of theexporting country and the value of the services performed to deliver the goods from the borderof the exporting country to the border of importing country.b)Exported goods are valued as Free on Board (F.O.B) at port or place of exit. It includestransaction value of the goods and the value of services performed to deliver goods to the borderof the exporting country.Concepts and DefinitionsForeign trade statistics are compiled in accordance with the General Trade System in which all goodsthat enter or leave the statistical territory are recorded.Direct ImportsDirect Imports are foreign goods including compensating products which after outward processingchange their origin from domestic to foreign, that enter the free circulation area, premises for inwardprocessing, industrial free zones, and premises for customs warehousing or commercial free zones. Inshort, it includes all goods entering the economic territory of a compiling country that are directlycleared for home use and those declared for warehousing.Domestic ExportsThese are goods grown, produced, extracted or manufactured in Tanzania which are exported toforeign countries, or sold as ships and aircraft’s stores.2
TanzaniaForeign Trade Statistics 2013Re-exportsAll imported goods which are subsequently exported either under drawback or not under drawbackincluding ships or aircraft’s stores. Re-exports are exports of foreign goods which were previouslyrecorded as imports.Total Exports or ExportsThe aggregate of Domestic Exports and Re-exportsPartner Country AttributionIn trade statistics by partner country, both the value and quantity of individual commodities are ofsignificant analytical value.There is no ideal method of attributing a partner country for thecompilation of international merchandise trade statistics. There are different types of partner countryattributions for both imported and exported goods1. Attribution by country of origin for imports andcountry of last known destination for exports meets what is considered to be a priority application ofinternational merchandise trade statistics, for matters of trade policy and related economic analysis.Country of OriginThe country of origin of a good is determined by EAC Rules of Origin. Generally, rules of originconsist of two basic criteria namely:a)The criterion of goods "wholly produced" (obtained) in a given country, where only one countryenters into consideration in attributing origin;b) The criterion of "substantial transformation", where two or more countries have taken part in theproduction of the goods.Country of DestinationIt is a country known at the time of dispatch to be the final country of destination where goods are tobe delivered.1There are different types of Partner Country attribution for imports which include; - Country of Purchase, Country ofConsignment, Country of Shipment and Country of Origin. Likewise, Partner Country attribution for exported goodsinclude;- Country of Sales, Country of Consignment, Country of Shipment, Country of Last Known Destination andCountry of Consumption,3
TanzaniaForeign Trade Statistics 2013Sensitive GoodsThese are goods on which EAC Common External Tariff (CET) rates are set higher than 25 percent inorder to protect regionally (domestically) grown, produced or manufactured goods from similar goodsimported from outside the region.Goods Excluded from Compilation of International Merchandise Trade StatisticsThe following goods are not included in the compilation of international merchandise trade statistics:a)Traveler’s sample, except in case of goods subject to duty which are not re-exported;b)Motor vehicle imported on a “carnet de passage en route” unless such vehicles are notsubsequently re-exported;c)Naval and military stores;d)Goods in Transit;e)Transactions of gold between central banks or monetary authorities which are considered astransactions in monetary gold;f)Issued banknotes and securities and coins in circulation;g)Goods temporarily admitted or dispatched;h)Goods consigned to and from territorial enclaves;i)Means of transport for commercial use; andj)Relief consignments.3.0AN OVERVIEW OF FOREIGN TRADE PERFORMANCE FOR THE YEAR 2013.3.1International Merchandise Trade PerformanceIn 2013, Tanzania's total trade with the rest of the world increased by 4.5 percent to TZS. 28,127,678million from TZS. 26,929,265 million recorded in 2012. Total exports declined by 5.0 percent to TZS.8,223,206 million from TZS. 8,653,372 million while imports grew by 8.9 percent to TZS. 19,904,472million from TZS. 18,275,893 million. As result, trade deficit widened by 21.4 percent to TZS.11,681,266 million compared to the deficit of TZS. 9,622,522 million in 2012.4
TanzaniaForeign Trade Statistics 2013Figure 1: Exports, Imports and Balance of Trade, Tanzania, 2007 - 2013Traditional and Non Traditional ExportsDomestic exports fall under two main categories namely; traditional and non-traditional exports. Thetraditional exports are mainly locally grown crops such as coffee, tea, cocoa, cotton, sisal, tobacco andcashew nuts whereas, non-traditional exports includes other agricultural , livestock, forestry, mineralsand industrial products. The value of domestic exports for the year 2013 was TZS. 7,012,100 millionsof which traditional exports accounted for 14.8 percent and non-traditional accounted for 85.2 percent.Figure 2 shows the trend of traditional and non- traditional exports over the 2007-2013 periods.5
TanzaniaForeign Trade Statistics 2013Figure 2: Traditional and Non-Traditional Exports, Tanzania, 2007 - 2013In 2013, the contributions of different commodities to total domestic exports were as follows:minerals including gold, diamond and precious stones (44 percent); horticultural products (22percent); manufactured goods (9 percent); cashew nuts and coffee products (4 percent each); fish andfish products (3 percent), tobacco and cotton (2 percent each); and other products 9 percent.6
TanzaniaForeign Trade Statistics 2013Figure 3: Domestic Exports by Commodity (Percent), Tanzania, 2013Figure 4 below shows shares of major imported goods for the year 2013. They include mineral fuelswhich accounted for (39 percent), of all imports followed by manufactured goods (15 percent),chemicals (11 percent), transport equipment (10 percent), food stuff and machinery (7 percent each),animal and vegetable oils (2 percent), beverages (1percent) and other goods (8 percent).7
TanzaniaForeign Trade Statistics 2013Figure 4: Direct Imports by Commodity (Percent), Tanzania 2013Major Trading PartnersThe major trading partners for imported goods in 2013 were India, Switzerland, China, United ArabEmirates, South Africa, Japan, Kenya, United Kingdom, United States of America and Saudi Arabia.These are the countries from which goods worth TZS.14, 359,339 million (equivalent to 72.1 percentof the total value of imports) were imported. Details of selected major countries of origin for the year2013 are shown in Figure 5.8
TanzaniaForeign Trade Statistics 2013Figure 5: Value of Imports by Major Countries of Origin, Tanzania, 29United Arab Emirates1,896,132OriginSouth Africa1,159,542Japan819,970Kenya533,303United kingdom440,828United States of America372,340Saudi 004,000,000TZS MillionWith regard to domestic exports, goods worth TZS. 5,176,499 million (73.8 percent of the totaldomestic exports) were exported to the following major trading partners in 2013; South Africa, IndiaSwitzerland, China, Democratic Republic of Congo, Kenya, Japan, Germany, Zambia and Belgium.Details of selected major countries of destination for the year 2013 are shown in Figure 6.9
TanzaniaForeign Trade Statistics 2013Figure 6: Value of Domestic Exports by Major Destinations, Tanzania, 20131,215,008South 313GermanZambia144,887Belgium139,1570200,000 400,000 600,000 800,000 1,000,0001,200,0001,400,000TZS Million3.2Trade Performance with EAC CountriesThe United Republic of Tanzania is among the five partner states forming the East AfricanCommunity. Other Partner States are; Kenya, Uganda, Rwanda and Burundi. The EAC CustomsUnion was launched on 1st January 2005. Rwanda and Burundi joined the EAC Customs Union inJuly 2007 and since July 2009 they have been implementing the provisions of the Customs Union.The overall goal of the EAC Customs Union (EAC - CU) is to deepen the integration process throughliberalization and promotion of intra-regional trade. Other indirect crucial expectations from thecustoms union are the promotion of efficiency in production in response to intra-region competitionamong businesses, enhancement of domestic cross border and foreign investment and promotion ofindustrial diversification and economic development.In 2013, Tanzania exports to EAC partner states were 21.6 percent of Tanzania total exports andTanzania imports from EAC partner states were 3.2 percent of Tanzania total imports.10
TanzaniaForeign Trade Statistics 2013Figure 7: EAC Intra-Trade Performance, Tanzania, 2007 – 20133,000,0002,500,000TZS 20092010201120122013-500,000ExportsImportsTotal TradeBalance of TradeMajor EAC Traded CommoditiesFor 2013, major domestic exports to the EAC partner states were nuclear reactors, boilers, machineryand mechanical appliance; paper and paperboard; art of paper pulp, paper/paperboard; mineral fuels,oils and product of their distillation and other made up textile article, set, worn clothing etc (Figure 8).These commodities; accounted for about 12.3 percent of the total domestic exports to the EAC partnerstates.11
TanzaniaForeign Trade Statistics 2013Figure 8:Shares of Domestic Exports by Major Commodities to EAC, Tanzania, 2013Major commodities imported from EAC partners states during 2013 were; vehicles o/t railway/trainrool-stock, pts & accessories, electrical machinery equipment parts thereof; sound recorder;pharmaceutical products; and Cereals (Figure 9). These commodities together accounted for 30.9percent of the total imports from the EAC partner states.12
TanzaniaForeign Trade Statistics 2013Figure 9:Share of Imports by Major Commodities from EAC, Tanzania, 2013EAC Intra-trade Performance by Partner StatesKenya accounted for the largest proportion of Tanzania intra-EAC trade. In 2013, Kenya accountedfor 84.5 percent of Tanzania imports from EAC Partner States and 54.2 percent of domestic exports tothe partner states. The trends of both Tanzania’s domestic exports and imports to and from the regionare shown in Figures 10 and 11.13
TanzaniaForeign Trade Statistics 2013Figure 10:Domestic Exports to EAC Partner States, Tanzania, 2007- 2013Figure 11:Imports from EAC Partner States, Tanzania, 2007 - 20131000000900000800000TZS 2013
TanzaniaForeign Trade Statistics 2013Table 1: Value of Tanzania Foreign Trade; 2007 - 2013Value (TZS. Million)Type of 206Domestic ,131,91717,112,77918,275,89319,904,472Total Value of Foreign 3,79926,929,26528,127,678Balance of Merchandise 71,5591,589Re-exportsImportsExchange Rate (TZS./USD) for ExportsTable 2: Value of Domestic Exports by Commodity (SITC), Tanzania, 2007 - 2013Value (TZS. Million)Commodity2007200820092010201120122013Live Animals1,8631,6631,9399008657991,789Food 91,538,2652,737,4783,646,1953,059,106Animals and Vegetable 4967,012,100Manufactured GoodsMachineryTransport EquipmentOthersTotal15
TanzaniaForeign Trade Statistics 2013Table 3: Quantity and Value of the Major Domestic Exports, Tanzania, 2007 - 2013Commodity2007200820092010201120122013Quantity 48,52445,91043,56170,50776,223107,592293,969Cashew 000ClovesDiamonds (carat)Gold (gms)Value (TZS. 079Cashew ,479TobaccoGold16
TanzaniaForeign Trade Statistics 2013Table 4: Quantity and Value of Traditional and Non-Traditional Domestic Exports, Tanzania, 2007 - al CommoditiesQuantity ,52445,91043,56170,50776,223107,59269,449Cashew 69,7217617,5518,9708,9629,945Value (TZS. 079Cashew ,417TobaccoNon-Traditional CommoditiesMineralsValue (TZS 7583,638,6833,055,359Fish & fish 205,196Horticulture 01,562,994Manufactured 970Other 9736,271,0157,145,0645,976,683Total Domestic 778,363,4967,012,10017
TanzaniaForeign Trade Statistics 2013Table 5: Export Prices of Principal Commodities, Tanzania, 2007 - 2013Value Coffee per 5,400,668885,054Cotton per 2,124,126698,248Sisal per 1,951,1601,963,772Tea per 3,144,909993,784Tobacco per 19,71259,45685,73876,69470,156Cashew nuts per tonneCloves per tonneDiamonds (per carat)Gold (per gm )Table 6: Domestic Exports by Country of Destination (Top 20 Countries); Tanzania, 2007 - 2013Value (TZS. Million)Country2007200820092
statistical information, coordinating statistical activities and promoting the adherence to statistical . WTO World Trade Organization URT United Republic of Tanzania . Foreign Trade Statistics 2013 Tanzania 1 . Community (SADC) have been provided. Appended tables provide the reader with detailed insight on foreign trade over the 2007 .
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