Fire Observations From New Instruments - WUR

Fire Observations from NewInstrumentsLouis Giglio (University of Maryland) andmany othersGOFC-Gold Land Monitoring Symposium15-19 April 2013, Wageningen, Netherlands

Major Future Polar OrbitingSatellite SystemsSatellite / SensorResolutionBandsSAC-D NIRST (2011)* 390 mMIR, TIRSuomi-NPP VIIRS (2011)*375 m, 750 mVIS, NIR, SWIR, MIR, LWIRTET-1 (2012)*42 m, 370 mSW, NIR, MIR, LWIRLDCM (2013)*15, 30, 100 mVIS, NIR, SWIR, LWIRGMES Sentinel-3 SLST (2014)500 m - 1 kmVIS, NIR, SWIR, MIR, LWIRGMES Sentinel-2 MSI (2014)15, 20, 60 mVIS, NIR, SWIRGCOM-C1 SGLI (2014)250 m, 500 m, 1 kmVIS, NIR, SWIR, LWIRJPSS VIIRS (2016-)375 m, 750 mVIS, NIR, SWIR, MIR, LWIRHyspIRI (2019)60 mVIS - SWIR, MIR, LWIRGeo-Africa (2014?)25 m?, MIR, LWIR*Recently launched or operational.

Major Future GeostationarySatellite SystemsSatellite / SensorResolutionBandsIndia INSAT-3D (2013/2014)1 – 4 kmVIS, SWIR, MIR, LWIRJMA Himawari-8 AHI (2014)500 m – 2 kmVIS, NIR, MIR, LWIRGOES-R ABI (2015)500 m – 2 kmVIS, NIR, SWIR, MIR, LWIRCMA FY-4A AGRI (2015)500 m – 4 kmVIS, NIR, MIR, LWIRMTG-I1 FCI ( 2018)500 m – 2 kmVIS, NIR, MIR, LWIRGEO-KOMPSAT-2A AMI ( 2017)500 m – 2 kmVIS, NIR, MIR, LWIRRussia Elektro-M MSU-GSM (2017)500 m – 2 kmVIS, NIR, SWIR, MIR, LWIR

SAC-D SAC-D (Satelite de Aplicaciones Cientificas-D)launched July 2011 Instrument suite includes NIRST (New IRSensor Technology)– One MWIR band 2 LWIR bands– Not functioning

NPP VIIRS and JPSS VIIRS JPSS (formerly NPOESS)– Joint Polar Satellite System– JPSS-1 launch 2016; 13:30 overpass– JPSS-2 launch 2019; 17:30 overpass Suomi-NPP– NPOESS Preparatory Mission– Launched 28 October 2011

JPSS SensorsVisible Infrared ImagingRadiometer SuiteIntegrated Program Office

VIIRS at a Glance VIIRS: Visible Infrared Imager Radiometer SuiteVIIRS Heritage– OLS: Optical Line Scanner– AVHRR: Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer– SeaWiFS: Sea viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor– MODIS: Moderate Resolution Imaging SpectroradiometerVIIRS will provide operational and research users with:– Spectral coverage from 412 nm to 12 microns in 22 bands Imagery at 375 m nadir resolution in 5 bands Moderate resolution (750 m at nadir) radiometric quality data– Complete global daily coverage with a single sensor Near-real time data products–––––B. ReedCloud cover, cloud layersCloud and aerosol physical propertiesLand & ocean biosphere properties, snow & iceSea Surface Temperature, Land & Ice TemperaturesFire detection

Comparison of MODIS & VIIRS BandsMODISMODISVIIRS VIIRSBandBand# ID# BandBandID1670 - 670600 - 600680 - 680 I-1 I-11620 - 6202876 - 876845 - 845885 - 885 I-2 I-22841 - 8413479 - 4793459 - 4594545 - 5454565 - 5655123051230- 1250- 12501230 1230- 1250- 1250M-8 M-81580 1580- 1670- 1670M-10 M-1061628- 1652- 1652616281580 1580- 1610- 1610I-3 I-372105Š 227572105- 2155- 21552225 2225Š 2275M-11 M-118405 - 405402-422 M-1 M-18420 - 420402-4229438 - 438436-454 M-2 M-29448 - 448436-454478-498 M-3 M-310 10483 - 483493 - 493478-49811 11526 - 526536 - 536545-565 M-4 M-412 12546 - 546556 - 556545-565662-682 M-5 M-513 13662 - 662672 - 672662-68214 14673 - 673683 - 683739-754 M-6 M-615 15743 - 743753 - 753739-754846-885 M-7 M-716 16862 - 862877 - 877846-88517 17890 - 890920 - 92018 18931 - 931941 - 94119 19915 - 915965 - 965MODISMODISBandBand## MODISbandsarem atB ands21-2arem 250at nadirM ODISMB ODISands 1&2 are1&250m at250nadirB ands3-7 arem at500nadirm atM ODISMB ODISands 3-7are 500m3-7at500nadirMODISbandsareB andsarem1,000m at nadirM ODISMB ODISands 8-36are 8-361,000at nadirVIIRSbandsaremnadirSI-1B andsI-2 arem atatnadirVIIRS BVIIRands& I1-I5I-2I-1are&371m371at371nadirSI-3misat371m atarenadir742 m atVIIRS BVIIRandI-3Bisand371nadirVIIRSbandsM-1-M-16B andsI-5 arem at nadirVIIR S BVIIRandsSI-4& I-5I-4are&371m at371nadirnadirnadirMODIS bands 8-36 are 1000 m at nadirB. Reed2021222324252627282930313233343536VIIRS VIIRS ID BandBandID3.6103.610Š 3.790M-12 M-12Š 3.790203.6603.660- 3.840- 3.8403.5503.550Š 3.930Š 3.930I-4 I-4- 3.989213.9293.929- 3.98922Š 4.0013.9403.940Š 4.001234.0204.020- 4.080Š 4.128- 4.0803.9733.973Š 4.128M-13 M-1324Š 4.4984.4334.433Š 4.49825Š 4.5494.4824.482Š 4.5491.371--1.386261.3601.360- 1.390- 1.390M-9 M-9276.5356.535- 6.895- 6.895287.1757.175- 7.475- 7.475298.4008.400- 8.700Š 8.700- 8.7008.4008.400Š 8.700M-14 M-14309.5809.580- 9.880- 9.88010.263Š 11.26310.263Š 11.263M-15 M-153110.780- 11.28010.780- 11.28010.050- 12.40010.050- 12.400I-5 I-53211.770- 12.27011.538Š 12.48811.770- 12.27011.538Š 12.488M-16 M-163313.185- 13.48513.185- 13.4853413.485- 13.78513.485- 13.7853513.785- 14.08513.785- 14.0853614.085- 14.38514.085- 14.385nadir

VIIRS Sensor Bands

VIIRS Fire Status: Algorithm Current algorithm/product in poor shape Modified MODIS Collection 4 algorithmNo fire mask, no FRPProduct is simply a list of fire pixel locationsNo higher level fire productsRelatively simple to fix (software)– NASA/NOAA to develop replacement algorithms

VIIRS Fire Status: Sensor In some respects superior to MODIS––––Spatial coverageSpatial resolutionRadiometric calibrationCrosstalk LWIR band (M15) saturation too low Primary fire band (M13) susceptible to moreatmospheric absorption than heritage instruments On-board aggregation flawed– Saturated pixels not properly handled Idiosyncratic features due to unusual lineage

NASAJanuary 2012 VIIRS True Color Composite

DLR TET-1

www.DLR.de Chart 14 GOFC/GOLD-Fire Implementation Team Meeting Lorenz 15.04.2013New Instruments for Fire ObservationsE. LorenzGerman Aerospace Center DLRInstitute for Optical Information Systems

www.DLR.de Chart 15 GOFC/GOLD-Fire Implementation Team Meeting Lorenz 15.04.2013The current BIRD follow-up Program in GermanyThe TET-1 Satellite Based on the BIRD Satellite Technology the German Space Agency initiated in2005 the OOV Program The first programme part was finalised with the launch of the TET-1 Satelliteon 22 July 2012 The TET Satellite is primary dedicated totechnological experiments and not to firemonitoring A BIRD like IR Instrument was added later In the first year the observation time has tobe shared with other, but smallerinstruments

www.DLR.de Chart 16 GOFC/GOLD-Fire Implementation Team Meeting Lorenz 15.04.2013The current BIRD follow Program in GermanyThe TET-1 Satellite The basic Parameters for the IR instrument on TET are mainly the same as forthe BIRD instrument Compared to BIRD a powerful on board processing will be implementeddedicated to the generation of high level fire observation data products

www.DLR.de Chart 17 GOFC/GOLD-Fire Implementation Team Meeting Lorenz 15.04.20133 Line-Camera(3 Line FPA)2 Infrared- Cameras(identical Design)WavelengthLine 1 460 - 560 nmLine 2 565 - 725 nmLine 3 790 - 930 nmMWIR: 3,4 - 4,2 µm; LWIR: 8,5-9,3 µmFocal LengthFOVF-numberDetectorDetector CoolingPixel SizeNumber of PixelsQuantizationGround ResolutionAbtastweiteSchwadbreite90,9 mm19,6 3,8CCD- Line ArrayPassiv, 20 C7 µm x 7 µm46,39 mm19 2,0CdHgTe ArraysStirling, 80 - 100 K30 µm x 30 µm2 x 512 staggered14 bit356 m178 m178 kmIn-flight Kalibration3x516414 bit40,4 m40,4 m211 kmkmnoBlack Body Flaps-The TET Payload consists on 2 IR Cameras and a 3 Line CCD Camera.-On board of TET is implemented a powerful data processing unit to deliver real time data products

www.DLR.de Chart 18 GOFC/GOLD-Fire Implementation Team Meeting Lorenz 15.04.2013First Data Take 27. 07. 2012 over the Mediterranean Seaorbit traceLWMWGreenRedNIR

www.DLR.de Chart 19 GOFC/GOLD-Fire Implementation Team Meeting Lorenz 15.04.2013Data Take 11. 11. 2012 Honduras/ Nikaragua; VIS-1 ModeRedDue to the scheduling of theOOV Program it is currentlydifficult to select a dedicatedtarget. The OOV Program willstopped in the end of this year.After that TET will be dedicatedto the Earth observation.MW

www.DLR.de Chart 20 GOFC/GOLD-Fire Implementation Team Meeting Lorenz 15.04.2013Data Take 18. 01. 2013 01:41:03 UTCKamisu, Japan;

www.DLR.de Chart 21 GOFC/GOLD-Fire Implementation Team Meeting Lorenz 15.04.2013The BIROS Satellite- The development of the BIROS satellite bussystem will be similar to the TET– 1 satellite.- For the two –satellite - constellation of BIROSwith TET-1 is planned to have an nodespacing angle between BIROS and TET-1 of90 , to provide a potential revisit time 6.5h.,.- Therefore, an additional BIROS featurecompared to TET-1 - will be a propulsion Subsystem for the orbit control.- The Optical Payload will be identical to this ofTET- The launch is planned for the second half of2014The Service SegmentThe Electronics Segment

USGS/NASA Landsat Data ContinuityMission (LDCM) “Landsat 8” Two sensors– Operational Land Imager (OLI) SNR much higher than that of Landsat 7– Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIRS) Launched 11 February 2013

LDCM Spectral BandsSource: NASA/USGS NP-2009-11-109-GSFC

OLI First Light Image (True Color)NASAWyoming and Colorado, USA18 March 2013

OLI First Light Image (False Color SWIR/NIR/green)NASAWyoming and Colorado, USA18 March 2013

ESA Sentinel-2 MSI Multi Spectral Instrument (MSI) Designed for continuity of Landsat and SPOT-typesystems High resolution visible – SWIR bands– 10 m, 20 m, 60 m 290 km swath 2014 launch 5-day revisit time with two satellites operatingconcurrently Fuel mapping, burned area mapping, active firedetection using SWIR bands (?)

Sentinel-3 SpacecraftSentinel-3(2014)Sentinel-3 Spacecraft(planned launch end 2012)Solar PanelMicrowaveRadiometerOcean andLand ColourInstrumentSea and LandSurfaceTemperatureRadiometerX-bandAntennaLaser M. Wooster

Sentinel-3 Optical Instrument ResolutionPushbroom type imager spectrometer21 Spectral ChannelsFull Resolution: Coastal/LandReduced Resolution: Open OceanOLCI – Open ocean1.2 kmOLCI – Coastal ocean300 mOLCI - Land300 mSLSTR – Solar channels500 mSLSTR – Thermalchannels1 kmConical imaging radiometer with a dual view capability: Near-nadir view Inclined view with an OZA of 55º9 Spectral Channels 2 (option) for Active FIREO. Arino, ESA

SLSTR Overview Heritage from AATSR, dualview (nadir and backard)required for aerosol corrections:–––Nadir swath 74 (1300km min up to 1800 km)Dual view swath49 750 kmNadir swath covering OLCI 9 spectral bands:–––Visible : 555 – 659 - 859 nmSWIR : 1.38 – 1.61 – 2.25 µmTIR : 3.74 – 10.85 – 12 µm One Vis/IR channel used for coregistration with OLCIO. Arino, ESA

Sentinel-3 SLSTR DetailsBand Centre# centre µmSpectralWidthD µmRef SSD 850.91km SLSTR takes two views ofEarth location within a fewminutes (similar AATSR)Expanded Swaths@ 1675 km (nadir view) 750 km (forward view)Extended dynamic range“fire channels” (F1 & F2)Two sun-synchronousSentinel-3 satellites, localsolar time 10:00amTwo satellites to obtain 0.5 day revisit time.M. Wooster

SLSTR Algorithm Prototyping & Testing(tested with MODIS MOD21data)DT3.7-11 Product expected to be NRTand “cost free” to usersunder GMES. Recent NERC supportenabling v.1 (post-launch)algorithm development.Multiple low FRP fires in Africa (Lake Malawi)M. Wooster

JAXA GCOM Global Change Observation Missions

GCOM Satellites GCOM-W1 (“SHIZUKU”)– Launched May 2012– Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer 2 (AMSR2) GCOM-C1– Second generation Global Imager (SGLI)– Launch 2014 GCOM-W2 (2016), GCOM-C2 (2017), GCOMW3 (2020), GCOM-C3 (2021)

OrbitCGOM-C1– Sun synchronous orbit– Height: about 800km– Local time of descending node: 10:30 Weight: about 2.0tPower Consumption: about 4.3kWLifetime: 5 yearsData transmission– Global observation data are stored and transmittedevery orbit period– Observed data over Japanese islands are transmittedto JAXA ground station in real timeH. Shimoda

SGLI Wide spectrum coverageVIS, NIR, SWIR, TIRPolarization measurementsMultiple angle observationMultiple telescopesH. Shimoda

VNIRCh.VN1VN2VN3VN4VN5VN6VN7VN8VN9VN10VN11H. 50LλLmax . λ[W/m2/str/ 400300400250400400250400400200