Preserve Your Legacy With The Legacy Income Option
Preserve Your Legacy With The Legacy Income Option Available with the American Custom 10 Issued by Great American Life Insurance Company
Legacy Income Option An optional rider from Great American Life Insurance Company When you purchase an American Custom 10SM fixed-indexed annuity, you can add the Legacy Income OptionSM for an additional charge. It provides the ability to access retirement income while preserving your financial legacy. This means you can spend less time worrying and more time enjoying your retirement. How the Legacy Income Option works Adding the Legacy Income Option to your annuity contract creates a new value referred to as the benefit base. The benefit base is the amount we use to calculate the death benefit for your beneficiaries. The benefit base starts with your initial purchase payment and increases by additional purchase payments received in the first contract year. Uncomplicate Retirement. Great American. It pays to keep things simple. SM
Access Your Money And Leave a Legacy Access your money With the Legacy Income Option rider, you can withdraw up to 5% of your account value, or your required minimum distribution if greater, on an annual basis without decreasing your benefit base. The withdrawals are referred to as protected withdrawals. They are available for up to 10 contract years and are not cumulative. Provide for your loved ones later After your first contract anniversary, your contract’s death benefit is replaced by the Legacy Income Option rider death benefit. Your beneficiaries have the flexibility to receive their death benefit amount as a one-time payment or a series of payments. Each beneficiary can choose the option that fits his or her needs best. One-time payment Your beneficiaries may choose to receive the death benefit amount as a lump sum. The death benefit amount for this option is the account value plus 50% of any amount by which the benefit base exceeds the account value. Series of payments Your beneficiaries may choose to spread the death benefit amount into a series of five annual payments. The payout amount is equal to the benefit base plus interest.
Learn from Bill To understand how the Legacy Income Option rider allows access to your retirement income while preserving the financial legacy you leave for your loved ones, consider Bill in the hypothetical example below. About Bill: He is 70 years old and retired. He uses Social Security income and personal savings to cover his living expenses. He wants to protect his assets and leave a legacy for his daughter, plus have access to his money if needed. Finding a solution Bill purchases an American Custom 10 with a 100,000 purchase payment and chooses to add the Legacy Income Option rider. Here’s how Bill uses the rider to receive income now and leave a legacy later. 100000 Step 1: Bill receives income 80000 Bill decides to take protected withdrawals of 5% every year for the first 10 contract years. 60000 Step 2: Bill leaves a legacy Bill passes away at age 80 with an account value of 52,651. Despite withdrawing 40000 Bill’s benefit base remains equal to his purchase payment of 100,000. 38,349, 20000 Step 3: Bill’s daughter receives a death benefit Bill’s daughter has the option to receive the full 100,000 over the course of five years or a 0 lump sum payment of 76,325. one-time 100,000 100,000 Benefit Base Account Value 80,000 Cumulative Withdrawals 60,000 52,651 40,000 38,349 20,000 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 End of contract year 7 8 Account values do not reflect actual market performance. 9 10
Additional Things To Know About The Legacy Income Option Issue ages Rider charge and cancellation You may purchase the rider with your American Custom 10 contract if you are between the ages of 40‐75. An annual rider charge of 0.90% will be taken at the end of each contract year. The charge is based on your benefit base and is deducted from your account value. If you surrender the contract or terminate the rider, a prorated rider charge will apply at that time. Flexibility of protected withdrawals You can take protected withdrawals at any time after the rider effective date without affecting your benefit base. You may cancel the rider at any time. Impact of excess withdrawals Every withdrawal is an excess withdrawal unless it is a protected withdrawal or a withdrawal to pay rider charges. If you take an excess withdrawal, the benefit base will be reduced by the same percentage that you withdraw from your annuity’s account value. What happens at death Before the first contract anniversary If your contract has a successor owner If no successor owner On or after first contract anniversary If the insured becomes the successor owner, the rider continues. If someone other than the insured becomes the successor owner, the rider terminates. The rider terminates and the contract’s death benefit is payable. The rider terminates and the rider’s death benefit is payable.
This information is not intended or written to be used as legal or tax advice. It was written solely to support the sale of annuity products. You should seek advice on legal or tax questions based on your particular circumstances from an independent attorney or tax advisor. This brochure is a general description of the product. Please read your rider for definitions and complete terms, conditions and limitations, as this is a summary of the rider’s features. The American Custom 10 (P1104314NW and P1104414NW) and Legacy Income Option (R6049614NW) are issued by Great American Life Insurance Company (Cincinnati, Ohio). Contract and rider form numbers may vary by state. Products and features may vary by state, and may not be available in all states. Taxable amounts withdrawn prior to age 59½ may be subject to a penalty tax in addition to ordinary income tax. All guarantees based on the claims-paying ability of Great American Life. Products issued by Great American Life Insurance Company, member of Great American Insurance Group, Cincinnati, Ohio. Copyright 2016 by Great American Life Insurance Company. All rights reserved Not FDIC or NCUSIF Insured No Bank or Credit Union Guarantee Not Insured by any Federal Government Agency May Lose Value GAIG.com Not a Deposit B6050716NW 10/16
Build Your Income With The Simple Income Option Available with the American Custom 10 Issued by Great American Life Insurance Company
Simple Income Option An optional rider from Great American Life Insurance Company When you purchase an American Custom 10SM annuity from Great American Life Insurance Company , you can add the Simple Income OptionSM rider for an additional charge. It provides guaranteed growth for your retirement income. This also protects the money you’ve already accumulated, so you can spend less time worrying and more time enjoying your retirement. How the Simple Income Option works Adding the Simple Income Option to your American Custom 10 contract creates a new value referred to as the benefit base. The benefit base is the amount we use to calculate your rider income payments. It starts with your initial purchase payment and increases by rollup credits and additional purchase payments. Uncomplicate Retirement. Great American. It pays to keep things simple. SM Great American is proud to help Adalia from California live her life GREAT.
Grow Your Retirement Income The Simple Income Option provides guaranteed growth of your benefit base. There are two ways for your benefit base to grow – rollup credits and resets. Rollup credits At the end of each year during the rollup period, your benefit base will increase by 7% of all of the purchase payments that we receive from you in the first contract year. The amount added to your benefit base is referred to as a rollup credit. The maximum rollup period is 10 years. Rollup credits are subject to limitations set out in the rider. Resets Before you begin taking income payments, if your annuity’s account value exceeds your benefit base, you can choose to reset your benefit base to the account value. You may do this on any contract anniversary. If you choose to reset these amounts, a new rollup period will begin and the rider charge may increase. How rollup credits and resets increase your benefit base: 220,000 214,341 180,000 170,000 140,000 100,000 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 end of contract year Example assumes no withdrawals are taken and 7% simple interest rollup credit. Account values do not reflect actual market performance. In years 1-10, the graph shows how the benefit base increases due to rollup credits. No resets are available during this period because the account value is less than the benefit base. I n years 11-13, the graph shows no increase in the benefit base because the rollup period has ended and the account value is less than the benefit base. In year 14, the graph shows how the benefit base increases due to a reset. A new rollup period begins. In years 15-20, the graph shows how the benefit base increases due to rollup credits.
Receive Lifetime Income When you’re ready to start receiving income, you can select from two different income options. Both options provide a guaranteed stream of income for life. Income payments may begin at any time, as long as you meet the age requirements. Single lifetime income This option guarantees income payments for your lifetime. You must be at least age 55 when income payments begin. Joint lifetime income Income payments are guaranteed for the joint lifetimes of you and your spouse, or legally recognized domestic partner. You both must be at least age 55 on the income start date, and the younger age will be used to determine the income percentage. Calculating your income payment To determine the maximum amount of your annual income payments, we multiply your benefit base by your income percentage. The income percentage is based on age and the income option that you select. The income percentage is locked in once payments begin. Your income percentage increases 0.10% each year you wait to start payments until it reaches 7.5% for single lifetime income and 6.5% for joint lifetime income. Additionally, you will receive an income percentage enhancement if you begin receiving payments during the first five contract years. Maximum income percentage table Age at income start date Single lifetime income Joint lifetime income 55 60 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 80 85 90 4.0% 4.5% 5.0% 5.1% 5.2% 5.3% 5.4% 5.5% 5.6% 5.7% 5.8% 5.9% 6.0% 6.5% 7.0% 7.5% 3.0% 3.5% 4.0% 4.1% 4.2% 4.3% 4.4% 4.5% 4.6% 4.7% 4.8% 4.9% 5.0% 5.5% 6.0% 6.5% If joint lifetime, use the age of the younger spouse (or domestic partner). Income percentage enhancement Contract year of income start date Additional percentage added to your income percentage from above table 1 0.50% 2 0.40% 3 0.30% 4 0.20% 5 0.10%
Learn From Tom To understand how the Simple Income Option rider can provide guaranteed income, consider Tom in the hypothetical example below. About Tom: He is 57 years old and plans to retire in 10 years. He wants to supplement his Social Security income to maintain his current lifestyle. His biggest fear is outliving his money. Finding an income solution After researching income options with his financial professional, Tom decides to purchase an American Custom 10 with a 100,000 purchase payment and adds the Simple Income Option. Here’s how Tom receives income for life with this rider. Step 1: Tom’s benefit base grows Rollup credits are applied to the benefit base during the 10-year rollup period. At the end of this period, Tom’s benefit base has grown to 170,000 because he did not take any withdrawals or income payments. Benefit base Account value 170,000 170,000 Step 2: Tom decides to take income payments At age 67 (at the end of contract year 10), Tom chooses to start taking income payments on an annual basis. 152,500 135,000 128,189 117,500 100,000 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 end of contract year Example assumes no withdrawals are taken and a 7% simple interest rollup credit. Account values do not reflect actual market performance. Step 3: Tom’s income percentage is determined His income percentage is set at 5.2% based on his age (67) and selected income option (single lifetime income). Step 4: Tom receives income for life Based on his benefit base ( 170,000) and income percentage (5.2%), Tom will receive 8,840 ( 170,000 x 5.2%) each year for the rest of his life even if his account value is depleted.
Additional Things To Know About The Simple Income Option Issue ages You may purchase the rider with your American Custom 10 contract if you are between the ages of 40‐85. Flexibility of income payments You may take income payments at any time (if age 55 or older). You may forgo an income payment in any year, but that income payment may not be carried over to the next year. The total income amount that can be taken in a year will never be less than any applicable required minimum distribution. Impact of withdrawals Your benefit base will accumulate rollup credits as long as your withdrawal(s) does not exceed the free withdrawal allowance or required minimum distribution. Your benefit base will be reduced for withdrawals taken before income payments begin. After income payments have begun, your benefit base will also be reduced for any withdrawals that are greater than the income amount. If you take a withdrawal that does not exceed the free withdrawal allowance, your rollup credit will be reduced dollar for dollar for that year. Rollup credits will continue to accumulate thereafter until the end of the rollup period. Rider charge and cancellation An annual rider charge of 1.05% will be taken at the end of each contract year. The charge is based on your benefit base and is deducted from your account value. It will be waived once your account value reaches zero due to income payments and rider charges. If you surrender the contract or terminate the rider, a prorated rider charge will apply at that time. The rider charge may increase upon a reset, a withdrawal that is more than your annuity’s free withdrawal allowance or a required minimum distribution, or a permitted transfer of your contract before income payments begin. You may cancel the rider at any time. Rider charges are refunded at death if you have not started to receive income payments. This rider uses a proportionality concept. If you take a withdrawal (other than to pay rider charges or to use as your income payment amount), the benefit base will be reduced by the same percentage that you withdraw from your annuity’s account value. Rollup credits stop if you take a withdrawal that exceeds the free withdrawal allowance. What happens at death Before income payments begin If your contract has a successor owner The rider continues and the successor owner becomes the “Insured” for purposes of income payments. If no successor owner The rider terminates and the contract’s death benefit is payable. Rider charges are refunded. After income payments begin If single lifetime income option is in effect, the rider terminates. If the joint lifetime income option is in effect, rider income payments continue. The rider terminates and the contract’s death benefit is payable. A successor owner must be a spouse or civil union or domestic partner. They must be the sole beneficiary. They do not have to be a joint owner.
Great American Life Insurance Company is not an investment adviser and the information provided in this document is not investment advice. You should consult your investment professional for advice based on your personal circumstances and financial situation. This information is not intended or written to be used as legal or tax advice. It was written solely to support the sale of annuity products. You should seek advice on legal or tax questions based on your particular circumstances from an independent attorney or tax advisor. This brochure is a general description of the product. Please read your rider for definitions and complete terms, conditions and limitations, as this is a summary of the rider’s features. The American Custom 10 (P1104314NW and P1104414NW) and Simple Income Option (R6047014NW) are issued by Great American Life Insurance Company (Cincinnati, Ohio). Contract and rider form numbers may vary by state. Products and features may vary by state, and may not be available in all states. Taxable amounts withdrawn prior to age 59½ may be subject to a penalty tax in addition to ordinary income tax. All guarantees based on the claims-paying ability of Great American Life. Products issued by Great American Life Insurance Company, member of Great American Insurance Group, Cincinnati, Ohio. Copyright 2017 by Great American Life Insurance Company. All rights reserved. Not FDIC or NCUSIF Insured No Bank or Credit Union Guarantee Not Insured by any Federal Government Agency B1105716NW May Lose Value GAIG.com Not a Deposit 05/17
Build Your Income With The Stacked Income Option Available with the American Custom 10 Uncomplicate Retirement Issued by Great American Life Insurance Company
2 Photo submitted by Karon from Washington, Great American customer since 2007.
Stacked Income Option An optional rider from Great American Life Insurance Company When you purchase an American Custom 10 fixed-indexed annuity from Great American Life Insurance Company , you can add the Stacked Income Option rider for an additional charge. It offers lifetime income payments that could increase every year. This means you can spend less time worrying and more time enjoying your retirement. How the Stacked Income Option works Adding the Stacked Income Option to your American Custom 10 contract creates a new value referred to as the benefit base. The benefit base is the amount we use to calculate your rider income payments. It starts with your initial purchase payment and increases by rollup credits, account value interest and additional purchase payments. Uncomplicate Retirement. Great American. It pays to keep things simple. 3
Grow Your Retirement Income The Stacked Income Option provides guaranteed growth of your benefit base. There are two ways for your benefit base to grow – rollup credits and account value interest. Rollup credits Your benefit base is guaranteed to increase by 4% every year during the rollup period. The amount added to your benefit base is referred to as a rollup credit. The maximum rollup period is 10 years. Rollup credits are subject to the limitations set out in the rider. Account value interest Your benefit base also grows by an amount equal to the interest credited to your annuity’s account value. The benefit base will continue to increase by account value interest even after you start receiving income payments. This feature could result in increased income payments throughout your retirement years. 4
Receive Lifetime Income When you’re ready to start receiving payments, you can select from two different income options. Both options provide a guaranteed stream of income for life. Income payments may begin five years after you add the rider to your contract, as long as you meet the age requirements. Single lifetime income This option guarantees income payments for your lifetime. You must be at least age 55 when income payments begin. Joint lifetime income With this option, income payments are guaranteed for the joint lifetimes of you and your spouse, or legally recognized domestic partner. You must both be at least age 55 on the income start date, and the younger age will be used to determine how much income you’ll receive. Calculating your income payment To determine the maximum amount of your annual income payments, we multiply your benefit base by your income percentage. The income percentage is based on age and the income option you select. The income percentage is locked in once payments begin. Your income percentage increases 0.10% each year you wait to start payments until it reaches 7.5% for single lifetime income and 6.5% for joint lifetime income. Maximum income percentage table Age at income start date Single lifetime income Joint lifetime income 55 60 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 80 85 90 4.0% 4.5% 5.0% 5.1% 5.2% 5.3% 5.4% 5.5% 5.6% 5.7% 5.8% 5.9% 6.0% 6.5% 7.0% 7.5% 3.0% 3.5% 4.0% 4.1% 4.2% 4.3% 4.4% 4.5% 4.6% 4.7% 4.8% 4.9% 5.0% 5.5% 6.0% 6.5% If joint lifetime, use the age of the younger spouse (or domestic partner). 5
Learn From Linda To understand how the Stacked Income Option can provide lifetime income and increasing income payments, consider Linda in the hypothetical example below. About Linda: hh She is 60 years old and plans to retire in five years. hh She wants to supplement her Social Security income and have the opportunity for increasing income throughout her retirement years. hh Her biggest fears are outliving her money and healthcare costs. Finding an income solution Linda purchases an American Custom 10 with a 100,000 purchase payment and chooses to add the Stacked Income Option. Here’s how Linda receives guaranteed income for life with this rider. Step 1: Linda’s benefit base grows At the beginning of contract year one, Linda’s benefit base is equal to 100,000. Each year, her benefit base grows by the guaranteed 4% rollup credit. In years that Linda’s account value is credited with interest, the same amount is also added to her benefit base. 140,000 137,200 131,200 128,000 116,000 104,000 Rollup credits stop in year five when Linda chooses to begin receiving income payments, but her benefit base continues to increase by account value interest for the life of the contract. Account value interest is hypothetical and not indicative of the amount of interest that would be credited to your annuity. 92,000 80,000 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Step 2: Linda decides to take income payments At the end of contract year five when Linda is 65, she chooses to start taking income payments on an annual basis. Step 3: Linda’s income percentage is determined Her income percentage is set at 5.0% based on her age (65) and selected income option (single lifetime income). Step 4: Linda receives income for life 6 Based on her benefit base ( 131,200) and income percentage (5.0%), Linda receives 6,560 ( 131,200 x 5.0%) at the end of contract year five. Her benefit base continues to grow by account value interest. By contract year 10, Linda’s income payment increases to 6,860 ( 137,200 x 5.0%). This growth opportunity continues for the life of the contract.
Additional Things To Know About The Stacked Income Option Issue ages You may purchase the rider with your American Custom 10 contract if you are between the ages of 40-85. Flexibility of income payments Five years after the rider issue date, you may take income payments at any time upon written request (if age 55 or older). You may forgo an income payment in any year, but that income payment may not be carried over to the next year. The total income amount that can be taken in a year will never be less than any applicable required minimum distribution. Impact of withdrawals Before income payments begin, your benefit base will be reduced for every withdrawal unless it is to pay rider charges. After income payments have begun, your benefit base will also be reduced for every withdrawal unless it is an income payment or it is to pay rider charges. This rider uses a proportionality concept. If you take a withdrawal (other than an income payment or to pay rider charges), the benefit base will be reduced by the same percentage that you withdraw from your annuity’s account value. Withdrawals greater than the free withdrawal amount may be subject to early withdrawal charges. If you take a withdrawal that is more than the free withdrawal allowance or required minimum distribution, then your rollup credits will stop. If you take a withdrawal other than to pay rider charges, your rollup credit will be reduced dollar for dollar for that year. Rollup credits will continue to accumulate thereafter until the end of the rollup period. Rider charge and cancellation An annual rider charge of 1.35% will be taken at the end of each contract year. The charge is based on your benefit base and is deducted from your account value. It will be waived once your account value reaches zero due to income payments and rider charges. If you surrender the contract or terminate the rider, a prorated rider charge will apply. You may cancel the rider at any time. What happens at death Before income payments begin If your contract has a successor owner The rider continues and the successor owner becomes the “Insured” for purposes of income payments. If no successor owner The rider terminates and the contract’s death benefit is payable. Rider charges are refunded. After income payments begin If single lifetime income option is in effect, the rider terminates. If the joint lifetime income option is in effect, rider income payments continue. The rider terminates and the contract’s death benefit is payable. A successor owner must be a spouse or civil union or domestic partner. They must be the sole beneficiary. They do not have to be a joint owner. 7
Uncomplicate Retirement Great American Life Insurance Company is not an investment adviser and the information provided in this document is not investment advice. You should consult your investment professional for advice based on your personal circumstances and financial situation. Taxable amounts withdrawn prior to age 59½ may be subject to a penalty tax in addition to ordinary income tax. This information is not intended or written to be used as legal or tax advice. It is written solely to support the sale of annuity products. You should seek advice on legal or tax questions based on your particular circumstances from an independent attorney or tax advisor. This brochure is a general description of the product. Please read your rider for definitions and complete terms, conditions and limitations, as this is a summary of the rider’s features. The American Custom 10 (P1104314NW and P1104414NW) and Stacked Income Option (R6046914NW) are issued by Great American Life Insurance Company (Cincinnati, Ohio). Rider form number may vary by state. Products and features may vary by state, and may not be available in all states. All guarantees based on the claims-paying ability of Great American Life. Products issued by Great American Life Insurance Company , member of Great American Insurance Group, Cincinnati, Ohio. 2019 by Great American Life Insurance Company. All rights reserved. Not FDIC or NCUSIF Insured No Bank or Credit Union Guarantee Not Insured by any Federal Government Agency B1105816NW May Lose Value GAIG.com Not a Deposit 7/19
American Custom 10 A fixed-indexed annuity from Great American Life Insurance Company Uncomplicate Retirement 1
2 Photo submitted by Bruce from New Jersey, Great American customer since 2001.
Help Secure Your Retirement With The American Custom 10 A fixed-indexed annuity that offers: Growth opportunity You can allocate your money to interest strategies that may help you accumulate more assets for retirement. Protection from loss Regardless of market conditions, you won’t lose the money you contribute to your annuity unless you take a withdrawal or surrender your contract during its early withdrawal charge period. Guaranteed retirement income When you’re ready to turn the money you’ve accumulated in your annuity into retirement income, you can select from a variety of payout options, including an income stream that will last for the rest of your life. 3
Annuity Basics Simply put, an annuity is a contract between you and an insurance company. It is a long-term financial vehicle that’s designed to protect and grow your money, and then provide a stream of income during your retirement. In fact, other than pensions, annuities are the only products that provide guaranteed lifetime income. Great American Insurance Group is committed to offering annuities that are simpler and easier to understand – helping to achieve your goals with no surprises. 4
Photo submitted by Vicki from California, Great American customer since 2006. 5
Pick Your Path To Growth Fixed-indexed annuities offer multiple interest strategies to help you build your savings. Indexed strategies offer you the unique opportunity to earn interest based, in part, on market performance without the risk of market loss. A declared rate strategy allows you to grow your money at a fixed interest rate that is set at the beginning of each one-year term. You have the flexibility to choose the strategies that are right for you. We know your needs may change over time, so you can revisit your strategy selections at the end of each one-year term. 6
How Do Indexed Strategies Work? It’s simple. Funds in an indexed strategy earn interest based, in part, on the positive performance of an external index, such as the S&P 500 . Interest is credited on the last day of each one-year term and is guaranteed to never be less than 0%. The American Custom 10 offers point-to-point indexed strategies. These strategies compare the closing value of an index at the end of a one-year term to the closing value on the first day of the term. If the result is positive, interest is credited. If the result is negative, the credited interest rate is 0%. The amount of interest credited at the end of the term is limited by either a cap or a participation rate. A cap is the maximum interest rate that will be credited for a one-year term. A participation rate is the percentage of a positive index change that will be credited for a one-year term. Any interest credited to your account value is locked in at the end of each one-year term and cannot be lost due to future market performance. 7
Balancing Growth And Protection Let’s say you purchased an
Bill purchases an American Custom 10 with a 100,000 purchase payment and chooses to add the Legacy Income Option rider. Here's how Bill uses the rider to receive income now and leave a legacy later. Step 1: Bill receives income Bill decides to take protected withdrawals of 5% every year for the first 10 contract years. Step 2: Bill leaves a .
May 02, 2018 · D. Program Evaluation ͟The organization has provided a description of the framework for how each program will be evaluated. The framework should include all the elements below: ͟The evaluation methods are cost-effective for the organization ͟Quantitative and qualitative data is being collected (at Basics tier, data collection must have begun)
Silat is a combative art of self-defense and survival rooted from Matay archipelago. It was traced at thé early of Langkasuka Kingdom (2nd century CE) till thé reign of Melaka (Malaysia) Sultanate era (13th century). Silat has now evolved to become part of social culture and tradition with thé appearance of a fine physical and spiritual .
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On an exceptional basis, Member States may request UNESCO to provide thé candidates with access to thé platform so they can complète thé form by themselves. Thèse requests must be addressed to esd rize unesco. or by 15 A ril 2021 UNESCO will provide thé nomineewith accessto thé platform via their émail address.
Dr. Sunita Bharatwal** Dr. Pawan Garga*** Abstract Customer satisfaction is derived from thè functionalities and values, a product or Service can provide. The current study aims to segregate thè dimensions of ordine Service quality and gather insights on its impact on web shopping. The trends of purchases have
Chính Văn.- Còn đức Thế tôn thì tuệ giác cực kỳ trong sạch 8: hiện hành bất nhị 9, đạt đến vô tướng 10, đứng vào chỗ đứng của các đức Thế tôn 11, thể hiện tính bình đẳng của các Ngài, đến chỗ không còn chướng ngại 12, giáo pháp không thể khuynh đảo, tâm thức không bị cản trở, cái được
Le genou de Lucy. Odile Jacob. 1999. Coppens Y. Pré-textes. L’homme préhistorique en morceaux. Eds Odile Jacob. 2011. Costentin J., Delaveau P. Café, thé, chocolat, les bons effets sur le cerveau et pour le corps. Editions Odile Jacob. 2010. Crawford M., Marsh D. The driving force : food in human evolution and the future.
Le genou de Lucy. Odile Jacob. 1999. Coppens Y. Pré-textes. L’homme préhistorique en morceaux. Eds Odile Jacob. 2011. Costentin J., Delaveau P. Café, thé, chocolat, les bons effets sur le cerveau et pour le corps. Editions Odile Jacob. 2010. 3 Crawford M., Marsh D. The driving force : food in human evolution and the future.
