KAIVALYA UPANISHAD - Vedanta Students
KAIVALYA UPANISHAD1
SHANTI MANTRAOm bhadram karnebhih srunuyama devah IBhadram pasyemaksabhiryajatrah ISthirair angaistustuvagmsastanubhih IVyasema devahitam yadayuh ISvasti na indro vrddhasravah ISvasti nah pusa visvavedah ISvasti nastarksyo aristanemih ISvasti no brhaspatirdadhatu IOm santih santih santih IIOm, O worshipful ones, may our ears hear what is good and auspicious! May we see what isauspicious! May we sing your praise, live our allotted span of life in perfect health and strength!May Indra (who is) extolled in the scriptures, Pushan, the all-knowing Trakshya, who saves fromall harm, and Brihaspati who protects our spiritual lustre, vouchsafe prosperity in our study ofthe scriptures and the practice of the truths contained therein! Om peace, peace, peace!
Kaivalya Upanishad - 24 VersesIntroductionVerse 2 - 4Verses 12 - 15Shanti MantraJnana SadhanamVedanta EnquiryPrayer forSakshatVignanivritti- Adideivika- Adhyatmika- AdibautikaKarana Yogyata-BodyLimbsSense organsMindIntellect- Jagrat, Svapna,Sushupti, Sakshi- Sraddha – Sravanam- Bakti – Mananam- Dhyana - NinidhyasanamMacro ParamatmaSahakariVerses 16 - 23TyagaVerse 1Verse 5 - 10Ashvalayana :- I want Moksha.- Moksha throughAtma Jnanam.- Jnanam only fromShastra.DhyanamSadhanam :- Desha- Kala- Asana- Sharira SthithiMicro Jeevatma- SagunaDhyanam Phalam- Jnana YogyataEka / AnekaPart II :- If not understood, do Parayanam of Upanishad for Chitta Shuddhi.- NirgunaArupaDhyanam &Phalam.- Jnana Nishta- Arupa- Jivatma –Paramatma Aikyam.- Baga TyagaLakshana.- All Mahavakyas.Verse 24- Upasamhara.- “I am SakshiParamata Svarupam”3
Verse 15 to 19Verse 15Verse 17Verse 18Verse 19JivatmaJivatmaParamatma- Atma illumines Jargat,Svapna, Sushupti- Vishwa Teijasa Pragya Jiva(3 ReflectedConciousness)- Brahmanillumines presence andabsence of thoughts.- Releases me fromBondage.- Sakshi is Avasta TrayaVilakshana, differentfrom all experiences.Paramatma- Adhyaropa.- Paramata is JagatKaranam (Vyashti Samashti)- World is Karyam.- 2 Upadhis.Verse 16- Paramatma- Jagat Karanam /Cause.- Creator, Sustainer,support, subtlest,Nityam – existsbefore, during, aftercreation.Atma (Appears)Water (Appears)VyashtiSamashtiWaveOceanFaceAll Experiences- Bogta- Bogyam- Bogaha- Temporary statuswith objects.- Permanent statuswithout objects.- Chinmatram –without emotions.- Sadashiv – onebehind all creation.- Advayam :Nondual, Secondless- Mayieva Sakalam Jatam –Creation arises, in me.- Mayieva SakalamPratishtitam – Exists inme.- Mayieva Sarvam LayamYati – I am Resolutionground.- I am water from whereocean wave arise.- Stay as Sakshi I, not asSamashti I or Vyashti I –Ego.- Waking Dream / Sleepingdreams – 2 Veshams, 2channels.- 2 Veshams are Falseattributes of Brahman.Convexconcave4
Verse 20 to 24Verse 20Verse 22Corollary of 19th Verse- Karanam – Locatedwhere?- In Through all Karyam.- Anoh Aniyah : SubtlestMahato Mahan : Galaxy- Purananta – Ancient- Atma Visvam – I alone amUniverse.- Hiranmayam – Selfeffulgent- Shiva Rupam – Auspicious.Verse 21SophadikaNiruphadika- Apani PadahAchakshu AsrotyamApramata (NotKnower)- Self proven cit.Apavada BavaBeyond TriputiParamatmaPrameyamVerse 23Na :- Bumi – Earth (5 Elements)- Guhyam – Sakshi ofthoughts.- Nishkalam withoutDivision.- Advitiyam Nondual.Pramanam- Known throughVedas, Revealer ofVedas.- Na Punya – Papam nomerit – demerit.- World negated- Brahman BeyondKaryam KaranamVerse 24- Samasta Sakshi witness ofmind world.- Sad – Asad Vihinam /Vilakshanam.- Karya – KaranaVilakshanam.- Suddham – Pure, withoutPunya – Papa – NoPrarabda, Agami, Sanchita.- Svayam Atma RupamPrayati.- Self Shining.Part II :- If not understood, do Parayanam of Upanishad for Chitta Shuddhi.5
INTRODUCTIONThen Asvalayana approached Lord Paramesthi, (the Creator,Brahma) and said :6
Introduction :a) Atha : “Thereafter”, after acquiring qualifications, acquiring Chitta Shuddhi (Purity of mindthrough Karma yoga) and Chitta Ekagratha (Focussing capacity of mind throughUpasana Yoga)Sadhana CatustyamQualifications of Seeker (Adhikari)VivekaVairagyamMumukshutvamSamadhi ine- What I like – What isgood for me.- Sreyas and Preyas- Prakruta / Samskruta(cultured)- Nitya – Anityam (Raaga– Dvesha based)- Real – Unreal- Knowing limitations ofBMI & World.- Sama – Mind Control- Dama – Sense Control- Uparama – Capacity toWithdraw- Titiksa – Forebearance- Sraddha – Faith in Scripturesand Guru.- Samadhanam - Concentration7
b) Upasamethya : In appropriate manner, with humility (Amanitvam), Bakti (Devotion), approachedLord Paramesthi (Creator, Brahma)Gita :Know that by long prostration, by question, and service,the “Wise” who have realised the Truth will instruct you in(that) “Knowledge”. [Chapter 4 – Verse 34]8
VERSE 1O! Bhagavan, teach me the highest Science of Reality, cultivated always bythe good people, which is ever a hidden secret for man, a knowledge bywhich a wise man, discarding all sins, can reach the Highest "Purusa".9
Verse 1 : Asvalayana requests for teaching of Brahma Vidya (Subjective Science) What is Glory of Brahma Vidya – Aparoksha Jnanam?Glory of Brahma Vidyaa) Varishtam- Highest, Greatestwisdom sought bywise.- Apara Vidya – foremotional andintellectualrefinement.- Use Refined mindfor Brahma Vidya.- “Vru” Dhatu “tochoose” as Goal oflife.b) Sada- Always.- Only Goal of life.- ShowsCommitment.c) Nigudham- Secret, known tofew.- Chapter 9 – Gita :Idam tute GuhyaTamam.- By knowing attain Brahman which isbeyond Maya (Matter principle), BMI &Jagat.- Transcendental.d) Sarva PapamVyapoha- Destroys Papam, nomore in PunarapiJananam Maranamcycle.- Sought by SatPurushas(Sat Vibhi)- Sin causes Mentalflutteration &intellectualagitation.(5) Vidwat Parat ParamPurusha yati10
The Blessed Lord said : To you who do not cavil, I shall nowdeclare this, the greatest secret, the most profoundknowledge combined with experience (or realisation) ;which having known, you shall be free from the sorrow oflife. [Chapter 9 – Verse 1]. Knowing attaining only in one condition. By Jnanam. Attain what is alreadypossessed. Remove ignorance and claim yours by knowledge. Brahma Vidya is Praptasya Praptihi, Siddhasya Siddhi.(Example : - Missing key – Hidden in Pocket Kurchief)- Karna – Kaunteya : Kshatriya, Kunti Putra, not charioteers son. Distance between me and Bagawan is notional, imaginary due to ignorance. What islost due to ignorance is gained only through knowledge. Darkness goes only by lightof knowledge. Brahma Vidya is Param absolute not relative. (Refers to Nirguna Ishvara). By thisknowledge, student goes beyond agitations of the mind, Vasanas. Transcends causalBody and lives a positive experience of the Transcendental Purusa. Gets awakenedto God conciousness.11
VERSE 2To him the Grandsire (Brahma) said, "Know this by means of faith, devotionand meditation".12
Verse 2 : Means of Brahma Vidya :a) Pitamai Tasmai Uvacha : Grandsire, Universal Grandfather ultimate father of all, addressed Ashvalayana.b) Avaihi : May you know.c) Sraddha, Bhakti, Dhyana Yoga : Are the means of Brahma Vidya. Benefit of Brahma Vidya Moksha – Freedom from mortality, limitation, finitude.13
Means of Brahma JnanamSakshat Karanam (Verse 2)- Direct meansExample :- Seed- AushadamVairagyamSahakari Karanam (Verse 3)Viveka- Indirect, supporting,contributory meansExample :- Soil, temperature, water.- Pathyam.VairagyamSadhana ChatushtayaSampattiJnana Yoga (Exercise /Discipline)MumukshutvamSraddhaSravanam- Consistent, systematic studyof scriptures with faith givesJnanam / Wisdom.- Faith is the faculty of intellectto reflect, understand.Brahma vidya, assimilate it tothe texture of intellect.- Agyana Nivritti (Free fromignorance)Problem :- Understand but can’t accept.Bakti-Mananam, ReflectionMakes Jnanam functional.Love directed towards higherideal.Samshaya Nivritti, focussingmind.Removes doubts obstructingwisdom.Intellectual exercise.Knowledge doesn’t bless withdoubts.Gives Nishta, Conviction.Dhyanam--NinidhyasanamViparyaya / Vasana Nivritti,Assimilation.Integrated act of the headand heart.Removes habitual unhealthythinking / emotionalobstacles from mind.Removes Kama, Krodha,Moha, Lobha, Madah,Matsarya, Bayam, Anxiety,frustration, disappointment.14
Brahma Vidya is learnt by a secret technique of the power of apprehension arisingout of combination of all our faculties called intuition. The power of subjectiveperception is called Intuition.15
VERSE 3Not by work, nor by progeny, nor by wealth, but by renunciation alone,Immortality is attained. Higher than heaven, seated in the cave of theintellect, It shines, which the seekers attain.16
Verse 3 : Important VerseSahakari Karanam : In the presence of 4 qualifications alone Jnana Yoga can fructify into liberation. In the absence of Sadhana Chatushtayam, any amount of Sravanam will not giveMoksha, liberation. If no improvement, means contributory factors absent. It is Sanyasa Sahita Jnanam.a) Na Karmana (Rituals, Actions) : Karma can’t give knowledge or Moksha. Karma not instrument (Pramanam) of knowledge like Pratyaksham.Example : With ears can gain knowledge of Physics. Can’t clean classroom and gainknowledge. Result of Action – Small / Big, Secular, sacred action is produced in Time – finite,ends, Anityam, Limited. Moksha is poornatvam. Mundak Upanishad : 2nd Chapter 1st Section : Plava eva etat Sreyo. Moodaha Fools expect Moksha through Karma. Karma not useless but extremely useful inPurifying mind which will be used for Jnana Yoga. Karma – indirectly useful.17
b) Na Prajaya : Moksha not by children. They give Bondage not freedom. Debts : Can be cleared by Children. Hunger : One has to eat oneself to get rid of hunger. For my Moksha, I have to gain Jnanam. It is duty to myself.c) Na Dhanena : Can’t buy infinitude with money. Money useful for comfortable living. What is required for Moksha?d) Tyagene Amrtatvam Anasuh : By Tyaga - Renunciation alone immortality is gained. Another name for Tyaga is Sanyasa. Detachment, freedom from emotionalattachments, clinging, leaning on people, things, situations, power, fame, position,psychological weakness.18
2 fold renunciationBahya SanyasaAantara Sanyasa- External, Kashaya Vastram- Becoming monk- Physically renouncingfamily, relation, power, job,money.- Not compulsory forMoksha.- Internal.- Prepare mind to looseanything at anytime in lifeas willed by God.- Don’t actually loose.- Ahamkara, MamakaraDilution. We should have proper attitude towards people, things, situations, Jagat. How to do that? What is the means of Viragyam?“By Vivekaha”Remembering : Whatever I have is temporary, gift given by Lord for my use. Temporary Gift to educate me, Grow internally.19
Example : Laboratory : Chemicals, syringes kept for use and to be left for next batch. Library : Use books and leave it for next Batch. Similarly House, Business, Possessions, Wife, Husband, love, share and return withthanks to Ishvara. This is Vishwaroopa Ishvara Bakti. You gave me opportunity to grow expressgratitude. Jnani Bakti.When do you Remember this?Gita :Therefore, at all times, remember Me, and fight, withmind and intellect fixed (or absorbed) in Me ; you shalldoubtless come to Me alone. [Chapter 8 – Verse 7] Surrendering things to the Lord, ultimately Body and mind also. This reducesintensity of Ahamkara and Mamakara. We pray for Jnana – Vairagya Siddhartham. Compulsory for Moksha not optional.20
Example : Child walking with props / crutches, mother takes away crutches. Child will fall,withdrawl symptom is there, Psychological hangsups, Addictions are there. By dropping get strength to stand on own feet. Physical dropping of crutches – Attaining Physical Dependence. Mental dropping of attachments – Attaining Mental Dependence, Which is Moksha– Kaivalyam.Prayer : God – Be in my heart. I am not strong. Support me with Tyaga and Bakti when Idon’t have strength. How many attained immortality?e) Eke : Very few people because they doubt God. God gives promise.Gita :To those men who worship Me alone, thinking of no other, tothose ever self-controlled, I secure for them that which notalready possessed (Yoga) by them, and preserve for them whatthey already possess (Ksema). [Chapter 9 – Verse 22]21
Lot of strength required for Vairagyam.f) Yatayah – Visanti : Self controlled sages / seekers with such mind set merge into Brahman. What type of Brahman.g) Parena Nakam : Higher than Heaven, pure pleasure (painless pleasure).Nakam - MeaningKANA - AKAMPainless pleasure PurepleasureIn heaven, 95% pleasure with 5% pain, because after pleasure come back to thisLoka.Pleasure AKAMNot Pleasure PainGita :Worlds upto the “World-of-Brahmaji” are subject to rebirth, OArjuna ; but he who reaches Me, O Kaunteya, has no re-birth.[Chapter 8 – Verse 16]22
h) Nihitam Guhayam : Brahman is in the heart of everyone, as though hidden in the cave of the heart. Why heart / mind is Guha – cave?Heart / MindCave- Ignorance is Dark inside the mind.- In Ignorant mind, Brahman is hidden.- In wise mind, woken up mind, Brahmanis ever evident as conciousness.- Svayam Prakasha Rupena Bati.- Dark inside.- Without light.- Nothing seems to be inside or outside it. When is Conciousness evident? All the time and even when no time is experienced (Sleep). We are concious ofabsence of the world. Conciousness, Sakshi illumines presence and absence of theworld.i) Vibrajate : In form of Chaitanyam, Brahman shines and seekers merge in Para Padam –Vaikuntam. Benefit of this knowledge is “Brahma Aikyam”. It is a Life long Pursuit with commitment as primary goal of life. By Renunciation of false perception alone, immortality is gained.23
VisionWith Coloured Glasses- Raaga dvesha- Distorted emotions,thoughts.With Naked eye- Ego melts in the experienceof eternal reality, calledstate of immortality.MortalityImmortality- Change Means death of previouscondition and birth of new condition.- Changeless- Relative- Absolute- Experience of Body and worldconciousness.- Experience of God conciousness isexperience of immortality.Conclusion : Direct means of Moksha is Jnanam. Indirect means of Moksha is Renunciation.24
Moksha : Brahma Vidya only through Vedanta Sravanam, Mananam, Ninidhyasanam. For Jnana Yoga to be fruitful, Renunciation condition must be fulfilled. (Temperaturefor Jnanam to be nourished). Renunciation is Ahamkara, Mamakara Abava. Lifelong dedicated, commitment pursuit required. Evolution not revolution. Initially Dharma, Artha, Kama are priorities – At last Moksha is only priority (JingyasuBakta). Example : - Light through converging convex lens burns paper. Similarly all thoughtsfocussed on Brahman produces liberation. Need Nachiketa list of Renunciation of 14 Lokas to compare our renunciation.25
VERSE 4Those who are pure in mind, striving through the path of renunciation, cometo ascertain clearly the deeper imports of the Knowledge, which is thetheme of the Upanishad-s (Vedanta) ; they, in the end, gain the world ofBrahma, and liberating themselves from everything gain the HighestImmortality.26
Verse 4 :Stages of Spiritual Progress : 6 verses chanted from Maha Narayana Upanishad to welcome Sanyasi. It is also inMundak upanishad. Here it is verse 3 4.a) Yataha : Yatate iti Yathi. Effort in Right direction.Example : Must take Bus in Right direction to reach Goal. Must know purpose of spiritual Shadhanas. Puja, Pilgrimage for purification of mind.Goal : Moksha – immortality – I alone am immortal. World is mortal. I am free peace,Securities and happiness, I am full and whole – “Poornaha”. Effort required : Purify mind – Shudha Satwa.27
What is purity in thought? Diluted Raaga Dvesha, Diluted Ahamkara Mamakara is purity of thought. Freedomfrom Raaga Dvesha is ultimate freedom.Life Governed by / Leaning onRaaga Dvesha- Prakruta Purusha- Live as per whims andfancies.- Ephemeral- Ashudha Manaha Shastra-Samskruta PurushaRefined, Cultured DharmicEternalShudha Manaha / ShudhaSatwa.Maturity is having conviction that Brahman alone can give fullness, security, peace,lasting happiness.b) Sanyasa Yogat :AshramasBrahmacharya and GrahastaAshrama- Going outwardsVanaprastha and Sanyasa- Going inwards.- Coming to our ownreliable lap / Svarupam28
Sanyasa is detaching mind from its wanderings and attachments and attaching tohigher reality.c) Vedanta Vigyana Sunischit – Arthaha : Knowing I alone am immortal – everything else mortal is Sunischitam. Atma – is Brahma Svarupam.Example : Physiotherapy for improving body condition after surgery. Vedanta for changing way of looking at world, myself and God. Its radically changingour perspective and mind re-orientation. Arthaha – Essence / Tatparyam, Crux, central teaching – I am free, full, peace,security, happiness – I am what I am struggling to reach. What I want to reach iswhat I am. No self forgetfulness. That is fulfillment of spiritual Sadhana.d) Shudha Satwa : Pure mind.e) Te Paramrtat : Such Jnanis are one with supreme immortal Brahman, in this life itself. No ShuklaGathi and Krama Mukti to reach Parama Padam – Absolutely eternal.29
f) Parante Kale : After Prarabda, Jnanis body’s fall is called Para anta kala final death – No rebirth. 3 bodies resolve. Ajnanis death, is intermediary death.Dakshinamurthi Stotram :He, by whose light the (unreal) universe appears real, teaches the truth of brahman to thosewho want to know the Atman through the vedic statement tattvamasi (thou art That) and HeWho puts an end to the samsaric cycle - to that DakShinamurti, who is embodied in theauspicious Guru, I offer my profound salutations. [Verse 3] Jnanis merge into their own natural Conciousness. Knowledge Aham poornaha iscommon to all Religions, Male, Female, Chinese, Russian ., Sanyasi, Grahasta.30
VERSE 5In an undisturbed place, clean and pure, resting in a comfortable posture,with neck, head and body held erect in one line, in a mental attitude ofSannyasa having controlled all the senses, saluting ones own teachermentally with reverence, meditate within the lotus of the heart (onBrahman), the Untainted, the Pure, the Clear and the Griefless.31
Verse 5 : Verse 2, 3, 4 – Sadhanas in General. Verse 5, 6, 7 - DhyanamDhyanamPre - VedantaPurpose :- To make myself ready forVedantaPost - Vedanta- What I have studied,percolates every cells,thought, word, deed.- All deeds fragrant.32
Summary :VersesVerse 1Verse 2 & 3Verse 4Students requestLords prescription ofSadhanasSanyasa AshramaYogaGoal :- Brahma vidya- Liberation /Moksha- Free forLimitation,Sorrow, finitude.DirectVerse 2- VedantaSravanam(Sraddha) /Mananam(Bakti) /Ninidhyasanam(Dhyanam)IndirectVerse 3- VairagyamVerseIndicator5461373839410229Verse 5 - 10How to meditate33
Stages in Gita :Chapter 1 to 6Karma YogaGet Purity of mindChapter 7 to 12Upasana YogaGet focussing Capacity of Mind.Chapter 13 to 18Jnana YogaVichara3 levels of Meditation :1) Eka Rupa Ishvara Dhyanam : Meditate on Rama, Krishna.2) Aneka Rupa Ishvara Dhyam : Lord Seen as cosmos itself.Others also, offering the “Wisdom-sacrifice” worship Me, invarious ways, regarding Me as the one, as the distinct, as theall-faced – in all forms, faces everywhere. [Chapter 9– Verse 15]I am the Kratu ; I am the sacrifice ; I am the offering (food) toancestors (Pitr-s); I am the medicinal herb, and all plants; I amthe Mantra ; I am also the clarified butter ; I am the fire ; I amthe oblation. [Chapter 9 – Verse 16]I am the father of this world, the mother, the sustainer and thegrandsire; the (one) thing to be known, the purifier, (thesyllable) Om, and also the Rk, the Sama and the Yajuh also.[Chapter 9 – Verse 17]34
Vedanta Vichara : In Vedanta alone (Sravanam Mananam Ninidhyasanam) Arupa Ishvara –Revealed. In KK, Eka rupa and Aneka Rupa Revealed.3) Arupa Ishvara Dhyanam : When one studies Arupa Ishvara he discovers Arupa Ishvara is not object but subjecthimself – Meditator himself. Dvaitam gives way to Advaitam. Th
Means of Brahma Vidya : a) Pitamai Tasmai Uvacha : Grandsire, Universal Grandfather ultimate father of all, addressed Ashvalayana. b) Avaihi : May you know. c) Sraddha, Bhakti, Dhyana Yoga : Are the means of Brahma Vidya. Benefit of Brahma Vidya Moksha – Freedom from mortality, limitation, finitude.
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