ME2110 Lecture 16: Total Quality Management - TQM
ME2110 Lecture 16: Total Quality Management - TQM
Key Concepts Quality and Price Quality vs Standards Categories of Quality Inspection vs Quality Management GIT 2
Outline 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Introduction Defining Quality & Quality Standards Types of Quality History of Quality Control Total Quality Management Summary GIT 3
The four C’s Carat Color Clarity Cut GIT 4
2010 Kia RIO [from www.kia.com] GIT Ferrari Enzo [Courtesy: Cultural Media revolutions] 5
2005 Dodge Neon [from: http://www.edmunds.com] 2005 Mitsubishi Lancer Evo [from: http://www.edmunds.com] GIT 6
Quality Defined by consumers (How good is it?) producers (How good can it be made?) Values Set by QuickTime and a Canyon Movie Toolkit (cvid) decompressor are needed to see this picture. standards Government Industry Company liability Economics 7
Quality Defined by consumers (How good is it?) producers (How good can it be made?) Values Set by standards Government Industry Company liability Economics 8
Quality Defined by consumers (How good is it?) producers (How good can it be made?) Values Set by standards Government Industry Company liability Economics 9
Quality Defined by consumers (How good is it?) producers (How good can it be made?) Values Set by standards Government Industry Company liability Economics 10
Categories of Quality Three main categories of Quality 1. Q.o Design 2. Q.o Conformance 3. Q.o Performance 11
Quality of Design easy to produce and assemble easy verification and testing serviceability disposability improvement comes from – Concurrent Design – DfX – Manufacturing, End of Life, Safety 12
Quality of Conformance internal performance specifications size assembly improvement comes from – Q/A department – quality circles – manufacturing systems 13
Quality of Performance 3) Quality of performance – – – – length of useful life functionality customer satisfaction improvement comes from documentation life testing marketing feedback These three areas are intrinsically linked together! 14
Example Quality of Design:TV Transformer Goal: Produce 18 V DC. Output of transformer adjusted by varying a potentiometer. Potentiometer sensitive to temperature, vibration, etc. The relationship between the potentiometer setting and the transformer voltage is: V o lt age 20 18 Rt Rp Rt Re s is t anc e 15
Example: TV Transformer (cont’d) Recommendation – Achieve target value at the peak of the curve. Use a voltage divider to get 18 V. Reason – Sensitivity is reduced for the small cost of a few resistors to build the voltage divider. Result V o lt age – Increased product life. 18 – Improved picture. 16 Rt Rp Rt Re s is t anc e 16
Outline 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Introduction Defining Quality & Quality Standards Types of Quality History of Quality Control Total Quality Management Summary GIT 17
History of Quality in Engineering Pre-Industrial age individual craftsmen apprentices regulated by self-control: sales, death of customers, witch hunts Mass production Interchangeable parts (tolerances) 18
The Early Days Frederick Taylor (Taylorism) QC is in the hands of the managers Workers simply follow orders – adversarial relationship with management – does not make use of worker knowledge – gives managers control over a process they may not understand well Inspection Departments (1930’s) Looking for defective parts – it is too late when you find a bad part – looking for a bad part promotes a negative attitude – cannot inspect quality into a product or process 19
Statistical Analysis (Shewhart) z Too many parts to inspect 100% Analyze process averages (trends) standard deviation Change process & monitor effects y x y Encoder z Encoder TouchTrigger Probe x Encoder 20
Total Quality Management Established by Demming (MIT) Involvement of employees – makes use of their expertise – avoids antagonistic relationships promoted by Taylorism Management and employees work together Understanding needs of – employees – consumers 21
Quality Circles (Background) Small voluntary groups to upgrade quality Groups selects theme to be addressed Technical specialists support the group 22
Quality Circles (Information) Complement management Lead to worker commitment Often utilize human resources better Strengthen existing programs Provide an excellent method of training 23
Quality Circles (Implementation) Quality circles must be taken seriously by management and by workers Quality circles & management should have common goals Quality circles need guidance from management QC methods must be explained to circle members Quality circles must expand to meet their goals – Management – Suppliers – Consumers 24
Demming's 14 Points 1) Create constant desire to improve product or service. 2) Adopt new philosophies/methods. (Where applicable) 3) Avoid mass inspection for quality control. (Improve design & process) 4) Improve quality of incoming materials (supplies). 5) Improve constantly and forever the system of production and service. (Demming Cycle) – – – – Recognize the opportunity. Test the theory to achieve the opportunity. Observe the test results. Act on the opportunity. 25
Demming's 14 Points (cont’d) 6) Institute good job training. 7) Institute good leadership & supervision. 8) Drive out fear, so that everyone may work effectively. 9) Break down barriers between departments. 10) Eliminate slogans, exhortations, and targets for the work force that ask for zero defects and new levels of productivity. 26
Demming's 14 Points (cont’d) 11) Eliminate work standards that prescribe numerical quotas. 12) Remove barriers that rob employees of pride of their workmanship. 13) Institute a vigorous program of education and self-improvement. 14) Put everybody in the organization to work to accomplish quality improvement. 27
Quality Circles (Implementation) Quality circles must be taken seriously by management and by workers Quality circles & management should have common goals Quality circles need guidance from management QC methods must be explained to circle members Quality circles must expand to meet their goals -Management -Suppliers
Introduction of Chemical Reaction Engineering Introduction about Chemical Engineering 0:31:15 0:31:09. Lecture 14 Lecture 15 Lecture 16 Lecture 17 Lecture 18 Lecture 19 Lecture 20 Lecture 21 Lecture 22 Lecture 23 Lecture 24 Lecture 25 Lecture 26 Lecture 27 Lecture 28 Lecture
Lecture 1: A Beginner's Guide Lecture 2: Introduction to Programming Lecture 3: Introduction to C, structure of C programming Lecture 4: Elements of C Lecture 5: Variables, Statements, Expressions Lecture 6: Input-Output in C Lecture 7: Formatted Input-Output Lecture 8: Operators Lecture 9: Operators continued
Lecture 1: Introduction and Orientation. Lecture 2: Overview of Electronic Materials . Lecture 3: Free electron Fermi gas . Lecture 4: Energy bands . Lecture 5: Carrier Concentration in Semiconductors . Lecture 6: Shallow dopants and Deep -level traps . Lecture 7: Silicon Materials . Lecture 8: Oxidation. Lecture
TOEFL Listening Lecture 35 184 TOEFL Listening Lecture 36 189 TOEFL Listening Lecture 37 194 TOEFL Listening Lecture 38 199 TOEFL Listening Lecture 39 204 TOEFL Listening Lecture 40 209 TOEFL Listening Lecture 41 214 TOEFL Listening Lecture 42 219 TOEFL Listening Lecture 43 225 COPYRIGHT 2016
Partial Di erential Equations MSO-203-B T. Muthukumar tmk@iitk.ac.in November 14, 2019 T. Muthukumar tmk@iitk.ac.in Partial Di erential EquationsMSO-203-B November 14, 2019 1/193 1 First Week Lecture One Lecture Two Lecture Three Lecture Four 2 Second Week Lecture Five Lecture Six 3 Third Week Lecture Seven Lecture Eight 4 Fourth Week Lecture .
Introduction to Quantum Field Theory for Mathematicians Lecture notes for Math 273, Stanford, Fall 2018 Sourav Chatterjee (Based on a forthcoming textbook by Michel Talagrand) Contents Lecture 1. Introduction 1 Lecture 2. The postulates of quantum mechanics 5 Lecture 3. Position and momentum operators 9 Lecture 4. Time evolution 13 Lecture 5. Many particle states 19 Lecture 6. Bosonic Fock .
Lecture 11 – Eigenvectors and diagonalization Lecture 12 – Jordan canonical form Lecture 13 – Linear dynamical systems with inputs and outputs Lecture 14 – Example: Aircraft dynamics Lecture 15 – Symmetric matrices, quadratic forms, matrix norm, and SVD Lecture 16 – SVD applications
Tulang tergolong jaringan ikat yang termineralisasi (Ardhiyanto, 2011), termasuk jaringan ikat khusus (Lesson et al, 1995). Komposisi dalam jaringan tulang terdiri dari matrik organik dan matrik inorganik (Nanci, 2005). Sel-sel pada tulang antara lain osteoblast, osteosit, osteoklas dan sel osteoprogenitor. Osteoblast ditemukan dalam lapisan .
