1-RAIN Memphis RAIN Flooding And Acid RAIN 190220 - RAIN RFID
RAIN flooding and acid RAIN RAIN Memphis – March 2019 Bertus Pretorius – apretorius@licensys.com 1 – RAIN Memphis 2019 – RAIN flooding and acid RAIN
The humongous success of RAIN may result in two negative outcomes; and we are starting to see signs of it! We need to act now with the RAIN Alliance taking the lead. RAIN flooding Acid RAIN RAIN flooding occurs when: Acid RAIN occurs when: To many tags are in the ReadZone and some are not read. Other tags appear to be targeted tags. Other RAIN enabled services’ tags in the beam prevent the targeted tags to be read. Tags are cloned and manipulated to appear to be a legitimate targeted tag. A killed tag happens to be alive and well; a zombie! thefloodcompany.co.uk/flooding-in-paris/ 2 – RAIN Memphis 2019 – RAIN flooding and acid RAIN byjus.com/chemistry/acid-rain/ A targeted tag is a tag which is targeted to be read in the ReadZone of a specific reader of an RAIN enabled service.
Example: Electronic Vehicle Identification In the picture the RAIN enabled number plate tag is read using a handheld reader. The plate tag shows up UII: C0980B4F75006B with PC: 4F92 indicating it is an ISO tag with an ISO/IEC 20248 data structure, but three other tags starting with EPC: 33303833 with PC: 4000 indicating it is an GS1 tag, but encoded with ASCII representing "3083 ". In fact, the motorcycle has five other tags. 3 – RAIN Memphis 2019 – RAIN flooding and acid RAIN
Example: Sport In sport timekeeping we have two recent examples: Cloned tags cheating the system. Additional tags on runners which confused the system. Proper data structures may allow the sharing of the tags between service providers. For instance a shoe tag may be used by different sport systems like time keeping and in the gym. 4 – RAIN Memphis 2019 – RAIN flooding and acid RAIN
Example: Healthcare Consider a RAIN enabled hospital. We may find the following tags, each potentially being used by a independent RAIN service: pharmaceuticals, consumables, machine parts, equipment, tools, assets, linen, reticulation parts, cleaning units, emergency units, documents, patients, etc. Additionally people’s items and visiting vehicles, containers, tools and equipment may also be tagged. 5 – RAIN Memphis 2019 – RAIN flooding and acid RAIN
6 – RAIN Memphis 2019 – RAIN flooding and acid RAIN Clipart: RAINrfid.org and ching-the-head 3431333.html
To the RESCUE: The RAIN Reader Communications Interface (RCI) and data standards. 7 – RAIN Memphis 2019 – RAIN flooding and acid RAIN
Types of RAIN data Digital Twin tags are tags which point to a record in the cloud which contains all the knowledge of the item the tag represents. These tags are the smallest, cheapest and fastest to read but the tag data only becomes useful once the cloud has been accessed. Cloud data may be cheap, but protecting, accessing and sharing cloud data is not cheap and may be accessible to competitors. Identification tags are tags with a well-known (standard) schema for which the item identity and issuer/owner can be deduced, e.g. the GS1 EPC points to a company and item class and an ISO/IEC 20248 structure points to a Digital Certificate which tells you who's tag it is, how to decode it into named data and how to verify it. Identification for sets of tags are immediate to the local application once it acquired the external data, e.g. tags for pharmaceutical and consumable items with manufacturing and/or expiry dates. Attributes needs to be obtain or be predetermined. Attribute tags are tags which contain additional information about the item. It works the same as identification tags. The attributes are immediately available but require more tag data and more time to read. GS1 TDS uses ISO/IEC 15434 packet objects with MH10.8.2 Data Identifiers and ISO uses Application Family Identifiers (AFI) which use registrar defined fields which need to be obtained every time it is updated. An ISO/IEC 20248 structure points to a Digital Certificate which tells you whose tag it is, all the attributes, how to decode it into named data and how to verify it. 8 – RAIN Memphis 2019 – RAIN flooding and acid RAIN
RAIN data access Read-only, writeable and lockable tags with a unique TID. Untraceable tags are tags where the access range is reduced and/or the open data is limited to prevent the identification of individual tags. The latter may be achieved through: Shortening the UII/EPC which does not give anything away during INVENTORY weak. An access password where the identification and attribute data are only accessible with the use of a password OK and pretty good with the NEDAP proposal which RCI will start work on . An crypto tag where the identification and attribute data are only accessible through the use of a crypto graphic function and a key. The air link is typically encrypted and random, but this takes more time and reduces the read range strong. Verifiable tags are tags where the tag and the tag data is verified using any combinations of: Access password – the data is not verifiable once the tag is gone OK. Crypto strong and with the RCI crypto proposal the data can be verified when the tag is gone. However the symmetric key management and secrecy remain a challenge in open loop systems. Digitally signed data as provided for by ISO/IEC 20248 strong if we can trust the TID. Data is verifiable even when the tag is gone. To kill or not to kill a tag. Killing a tag removes all access to the tag. A killed tag can not flood and be acid RAIN. 9 – RAIN Memphis 2019 – RAIN flooding and acid RAIN
The RAIN Reader Communications Interface (RCI) is designed on the premise that the application knows which tags it wants to read, the type of tag and how to access it. This is called tag spotting. The application instructs the reader of the targeted tags using SpotProfiles. SpotProfiles contain a mask for the targeted tag, access instructions and reporting instructions. An RCI reader will therefore ignore all unwanted tags. This is possible only if we all use standard data structures. Non-standard data structures will interfere and be interfered with. It is in all our interest to be good RAIN neighbours. 10 – RAIN Memphis 2019 – RAIN flooding and acid RAIN
GS1 examples A standard 96 bit GS1 tag MB-01 PC Word MB-01 UII/EPC EPC len UserMem XI Standard RFU EPC as specified by GS1 00110 0 0 0 (GS1) 0x00 96 bits A standard 96 bit GS1 tag with attribute data MB-01 PC Word MB-01 UII/EPC MB-11 User Memory EPC len UserMem XI Standard RFU EPC as specified by GS1 DSFID Data fields according to ISO/IEC 15961 & 15962 00110 1 0 0 (GS1) 0x00 96 bits 8 bits 0 bits A standard 96 bit GS1 tag with ISO/IEC 20248 attribute data MB-01 PC Word MB-01 UII/EPC MB-11 User Memory EPC Len UserMem XI Standard RFU EPC as specified by GS1 DSFID DAID CID signature, timestamp and company defined attributes 00110 1 0 0 (GS1) 0xXX 96 bits 0x11 32-48 bits 16 bits 0 bits 11 – RAIN Memphis 2019 – RAIN flooding and acid RAIN Note the TID is not shown.
ISO examples A standard 96 bit ISO tag. MB-01 PC Word MB-01 UII/EPC UII len UserMem XI Standard AFI UII as specified by ISO 00110 0 0 1 (ISO) 0xXX 96 bits A standard 96 bit ISO tag with attribute data. MB-01 PC Word MB-01 UII/EPC MB-11 User Memory UII len UserMem XI Standard AFI UII as specified by ISO DSFID Data fields according to ISO/IEC 15961 & 15962 00110 1 0 1 (ISO) 0xXX 96 bits 8 bits 0 bits A standard 96 bit ISO tag with ISO/IEC 20248 attribute data. MB-01 PC Word MB-01 UII/EPC MB-11 User Memory UII Len UserMem XI Standard RFU UII as specified by ISO DSFID DAID CID Signature, timestamp and company defined fields 00110 1 0 1 (ISO) 0xXX 96 bits 0x11 32-48 bits 16 bits 0 bits 12 – RAIN Memphis 2019 – RAIN flooding and acid RAIN Note the TID is not shown.
ISO/IEC 20248 examples The smallest standard compliant digital twin tag. This data structure is fully interoperable with all ISO and GS1 tags. It provides for untracability. MB-01 PC Word MB-01 UII/EPC UII Len UserMem XI Standard AFI DAID 00010 0 0 1 (ISO) 0x92 32 bits MB10 TID 32-96 bits An ISO/IEC 20248 using null encryption. The tag owner/issuer and data structure are verifiable and decode into named fields. MB-01 PC Word MB-01 UII/EPC UII Len UserMem XI Standard AFI DAID CID Company defined fields XXXXX 0 0 1 (ISO) 0x92 32-48 bits 16 bits 0 bits A verifiable attribute tag. MB-01 PC Word MB-01 UII/EPC MB-11 User Memory UII Len UserMem XI Standard AFI DAID CID Company defined fields Signature, timestamp and company defined fields XXXXX 1 0 1 (ISO) 0x92 32-48 bits 16 bits 0 bits 256 bits 13 – RAIN Memphis 2019 – RAIN flooding and acid RAIN Note the TID is not shown.
That’s all. Questions? 14 – RAIN Memphis 2019 – RAIN flooding and acid RAIN
Types of RAIN data Digital Twin tags are tags which point to a record in the cloud which contains all the knowledge of the item the tag represents. These tags are the smallest, cheapest and fastest to read but the tag data only becomes useful once the cloud has been accessed. Cloud data may be cheap, but protecting, accessing and sharing cloud data is not cheap and may be accessible to .
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What is acid rain? Acid rain is defined as rain with a pH of below 4.0 - 4.5. Normal rain has a pH of about 5.6, which is slightly acidic. What are the effects of acid rain? Acid rain increases the acidity levels of rivers, lakes and seas. This can poison fish. Acid rain increases the acidity levels of soils. This can slow or even kill plant .
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