Bioactive Glasses : Fundamentals, Technology And Applications
Bioactive GlassesFundamentals, Technology andApplicationsEditedbyAldo R. BoccacciniUniversity of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, GermanyEmail: aldo. boccaccini@ww. uni-erlangen. deDelia S. BrauerFriedrich SchillerEmail: delia.LeenaUniversity, Jena, Germanybrauer@uni-jena. deHupaAbo AkademiEmail:University, Turku, Finlandleena.hupa@dbo.fiROYAL SOCIETYOF CHEMISTRYTHEQUEEN'S AWARDSFOR ENTERPRISE:INTERNATIONAL2013TRADE
ContentsChapter1Melt-derived Bioactive Silicate GlassesSusanne1.1Fagerlund1and Leena HupaIntroduction1.1.1Glass1-A Versatile Biomaterial1Glass andPropertiesBioactivity of GlassProperties Essential for Fabrication1.1.221.1.31.2341.2.1Definition of Glass1.2.2Glass Transformation and stallization of Bioactive6Glasses45S5,S53P4 and nsformation1.2.7Crystals in Thermal Treatment1.2.8ViscosityProperties Essential in the Final ApplicationMechanical Strength1.3.11.2.57810101013141.3.2Dissolution Reactions141.3.3Dissolution Measurements181.3.4Dissolution inSolution181.3.5In vitro Studies of 45S5, S53P4 and 13-9319Continuously FlowingConclusions and OutlookReferences2121RSC Smart Materials No. 23Bioactive Glasses: Fundamentals,Technology and Applicationsby Aldo R. Boccaccini, Delia S. Brauer and Leena Hupa The Royal Society of Chemistry 2017Published by the Royal Society of Chemistry, www.rsc.orgEditedix
ContentsXChapter2Bioactive Glass-ceramics:Processing, Properties andApplications27Maziar Montazerian andGlass-ceramic Fabrication l Bioactive Glass-ceramics342.5Miscellaneous Bioactive Glass-ceramics382.6Magnetic Bioactive Glass-ceramicsRadiopaque Bioactive Glass-ceramicsBioactive Glass-ceramic CoatingsBioactive Glass-ceramic Composites422.10Bioactive Glass-ceramic Scaffolds482.11Gel-derived Bioactive Glass-ceramics492.12Conclusions and Outlook502.82.93Dutra 3References53Introductiontothe Structure ofSilicate, Phosphate andBorate Glasses61Delia S. Brauer and Doris Moncke3.1Introduction3.2Basics of Silicate and3.3Structure and633.3.1663.3.23.4PhosphateProperties of Silicate GlassesStructure, Solubility and Bioactivity62Sol-Gel Silicate Glasses69Structure andPropertiesof Phosphate GlassesStructure and Dissolution3.4.13.561Glasses72Borate GlassesEffect of Structure3.5.175on BorateGlassProperties4773.6Mixed Glass Former Systems803.7Conclusions and Outlook83ReferencesChapter69Molecular83Dynamics SimulationsReactivityof Bioactive GlassStructure and In vitro89Antonio ion Methods and Aims91
xiContentsDescriptors of Bioactivity andGlass Durability4.2.3Bioglass NanoparticlesDynamics and ReactivitySurface and Ion-exchange Processes4.3.14.3.2Ion Migration4.2.24.34.4Chapter5StructuralConclusions and 01Sol-Gel Glass and Nano-Macro Porous BioscaffoldsMatthias M.Falk,Tia J.Manal Saad, MonaK.Rui M.Kowal,105Almeida,Marei, Ukrit Thamma andHimanshu Jain5.1Introduction5.1.1Tailored105Amorphous Multi-Porous (TAMP)Bioscaffolds5.2Chemistry106and Mechanisms of Fabrication ofSol-Gel Bioactive Glasses1095.2.1Basic Concepts of Sol-GelProcessing5.2.2Modified Sol-GelIntroduction ofProcess:109Porosity via Multiscale SpinodalPhase SeparationBiodegradation of TAMP Bioscaffolds Fabricated by110Modified Sol-Gel Method113Cell Response to116Multimodal5.35.45.4.1TAMPBioscaffoldsThe Effect of ChemicalComposition:Bioactive Glasses Substituted with5.4.2The Effect of SurfaceTopologyBoron117onAttachment and Proliferation of OsteoblastCells to Bioactive Glasses5.4.3118The Role of Bioactive Glass Nanostructure(Nanopore Sizeand PhaseSeparation)onCell and Protein Attachment5.4.4ChallengesofInvestigating Cells119on PorousGlasses5.55.6In vivoExperimental123Animal Studies andClinical Trial125Conclusions and Outlook129Acknowledgements130References130
xiiChapterContents6TailoringLeenaof Bioactive GlassesHupaandKaj136H. Karlsson6.1Introduction6.2Development of the Bioactive Glasses13645S5and S53P46.36.46.5138forBioactive GlassRequirementsProperties from Glassa139Structure6.4.1Glass Network and6.4.2Molecular141BioactivityDynamics Simulationsand BioactivityProperty-Composition Models6.5.1In vivo Models6.5.2In vitro ModelsDissolution in141142143143145Solutions6.6DynamicModels for Hot-working Properties6.5.4Tailoring of Glass Composition6.7Conclusions and Outlook6.5.37Bioactive Glass Products Produced viaRahaman, Wenhai HuangSinteringand B.161Sonny Sintering PrinciplesViscous SinteringViscous Sintering with CrystallizationViscous Sintering of Composites7.3.47.4162164166Formation of Bioactive Glass Productsby Sintering7.3.1Spherical Particles and Granules7.3.2Coatings7.3.3Composites8152157Mohamed al Scaffolds167167169173175Conclusions and e Nanoparticles, Nanofibers, andNanocompositesPolymeric183Alvaro J. Leite and Joao F. Mano8.1Introduction183
xiiiContents8.28.38.48.5Chapter9Bioactive .2.3MicroemulsionSpray Synthesis189Bioactive Glass Nanofibers1898.3.1ElectrospinningLaser SpinningPolymer NanocompositesMechanical Properties8.4.18.4.2Degradation Properties8.4.3Biological Properties8.4.4Synthetic Polymer Nanocomposites8.4.5Natural Polymer NanocompositesBlends of Synthetic and Natural Polymeric8.4.6Nanocomposites1908.3.2191Conclusions and References209Surface Functionalization of Bioactive Glasses: ReactiveGroups, Biomolecules and DrugsonBioactive Surfaces forSmart and Functional Biomaterials221Sara Ferraris and Enrica Verne9.1Bioactive Glasses and their Surface9.2Introduction ofSpecificReactivityand/or Spacer Molecules224of Biomolecules and9.3Surface9.4Conclusions and OutlookGraftingDrugs10 Bioactive Glass233Particulate-incorporated PolymerCompositesShiva Naseri, Aldo10.110.2231232ReferencesChapter221Reactive Functionalities236R.Boccaccini and ShowanN. NazhatIntroductionfor the236of DenseTechniquesProcessingComposites Incorporating Bioactive GlassMelt Blending and Injection Moulding10.2.1Melt Blending and Compression10.2.2MouldingSolvent Casting10.2.310.2.4Coatings239239239240241
xivContentsTechniques for the Processing of PorousComposite Scaffolds Incorporating Bioactive GlassParticulate Leaching10.3.110.3.2Gas Foaming10.3.3Thermally Induced Phase Separation10.311245Microsphere Sintering24610.3.6Coated Porous Scaffold24610.3.7Electro spinning24710.5Conclusions and OutlookPhosphatewith Bioactive GlassesGlass Fibres and TheirM. ZakirGrant Hydrogel-based Composite11.2242Solid Freeform da M.CompositesFelfel,257Ifty Ahmed257Glass Fibres(PGFs)258Manufacture ofPhosphate Glass FibresPropertiesPhosphate Glass FibresBiomedical Applications of Phosphate258Glass Fibres262of260Phosphate Glass Fibre-reinforced Composites11.3.1Manufacturing PGF Composites11.3.2Properties of PGF-based compositesBiomedical Applications of PGF Composites11.4.1Bone RepairDental Applications11.4.2Soft Tissue Repair11.4.3264Conclusions and nces278Organic-Inorganic Hybrid BiomaterialsGowsihan Poologasundarampillai and Anthony28612.112.2L. B.MagonIntroduction28612.1.1Lessons From Nature28612.1.2SilicaHybridsand Their ClassesSource and Silanisation ReactionsPolymer12.2.1Incorporation of Alkoxysilane Moieties12.2.2Bottom-up Design of Polymers287289289292
Contentsxv12.3Inorganic Bioactive12.5293294with CationPolymersChelating PropertyProperties of O-I Hybrid MaterialsOrganic-Inorganic Interfacial Region12.3.212.4SourceMetal Alkoxide12.3.129612.4.1297Conclusions and Outlook299ReferencesChapter30013 Cell Interactions with CalciumOscar Castaho, Soledad Perez,and erPhosphate GlassesMiguel A.303Mateos-TimonedaEngel13.113.3296Structure andtheRegeneration CosmosPhosphate GlassesCaP Glass and Its Biological Interactions13.3.1Mesenchymal and Bone CellsCalcium30330430730713.3.2Fibroblast Cells30913.3.3Endothelial and Vascular Cells310Conclusions and Outlook313Acknowledgements313References31414 Bioactive Glasses in Infection TreatmentNinaLindfors,316Carlo Romano, SaraScarponi, Drago Lorenzo,Janek Frantzen, Pieter D. de Veij Mestdagh,Colnot, Pepijn A Borggreven and Jasper J. QuakBortolin Monica,David cPrinciplesand Limitsof Current Treatments31714.3Bioactive Glass in Bone Infection Treatment32014.4Antibacterial321Propertiesof Bioactive Glasses14.4.1Bioactive Glasses14.4.2Broad Spectrum Antimicrobial Efficacy14.4.3Bioactive GlassesasAntimicrobial Agentsas anEnemy323Bioactive Glasses: Wide AntimicrobialSpectrum14.4.5But No Resistance InductionBiofilm andBioactive Glass in325Multidrug Resistance (MDR):A Harmful Combination14.5323of roduction14.5.2Bioactive Glass in326326326Spinal Infections326
xviContents14.6Evaluation of S53P4 Bioactive Glassas aFillerMaterial in Mastoid Obliteration for Chronic OtitisMedia and P4 in Mastoid Obliteration329ReferencesChapter33115 Bioactive Glasses for Soft TissueValentinaAldoEngineering ApplicationsMiguez-Pacheco, Alejandro A. Gorustovich,R. Boccaccini and Judith A. Roether15.1Introduction15.2Interactions Between BGs and Soft Tissues15.315.415.5ApplicationsEngineering336338of Bioactive Glasses in Soft Tissue33915.3.1Skin15.3.2NerveRepairand WoundHealingRegenerationOther Applications15.3.3Angiogenic Activity of Bioactive Glasses339Tissue34134334515.4.1In vitro Evidence in Bone and Soft Tissues34515.4.2In vivo Evidence in Bone and Soft Tissues349ExistingInvolvingRepairPatentsSoft Tissue15.6Bioactive Glasses und/Burn15.5.4Percutaneous Fixation35315.5.5Gastrointestinal Ulcers354Healing353Conclusions and Future Scope354ReferencesChapter33635516 Bioactive GlassesasCarriers of Therapeutic Ions and theBiological Implications362Alexander Hoppe and Aldo R. Boccaccini16.116.2IntroductionBioinorganics362and Metallic Ions for BiomedicalApplications16.316.4Bioactive Glasses364asCarriers forOsteogenic Response16.4.1(BGs)367370Effect of Ca, Si and P from StandardSilicate Glass16.4.2Therapeuticto Bioactive GlassesIonsCompositionsOsteogenic AgentsReleased from BGs370373
xviiContentsAngiogenic Potential of BGs16.5.1Angiogenesis in Bone Tissue Engineering16.5.2Angiogenic Potential of Standard Silicate16.5Bioactive Glasses16.5.3Antibacterial16.7BGs16.8Beyond Orthopaedics376379and Bone TissueEngineering (BTE)380Conclusion and Outlook381ReferencesChapter17383Mesoporous BioactiveDrug DeliveryGlasses in ty of17.4Improvement of MBGsareEngineeringand393Maria17.5and Antonio J. SalinasMesoporous BioactivePropertiesApplicationsGlasses393of the MBGs397MBGs399by Adding Inorganicof the MBGs in gof Bone17.6374375Doped with Angiogenic AgentsProperties of BGsBGs16.6374Zn2 CapacityGa3 of MBG Scaffolds Enriched410orof MBGs in Drug17.7Application17.8Conclusions and OutlookDelivery tive Glasses for NerveGiorgia Novajra,JorisFrancescoRegeneration420Baino, Stefania Raimondo,Lousteau, Daniel Milanese and Chiara Vitale-Brovarone18.1Introduction42018.2Glass Tube for Nerve42318.318.4RegenerationGlass Powders for Nerve RegenerationGlass Fibres for Nerve Regeneration18.4.1424426Glass Fibre Wrap for the Treatment of18.4.2InjuriesAligned Glass FibresRegeneration18.4.3Hollow Glass Fibres for Growth Factor andNerveDrug Release427toSupport Axonal428433
xviiiContents18.5Potential of Bioactive Glass for Release of NerveTherapeutic18.6Ions435Conclusions and Outlook437ReferencesChapter19438Bioactive Silicate Glass inFrom Research to ClinicalImplantable MedicalApplicationsDevices:442Niko Moritz and Pekka K. Vallittu19.1Background19.2Bioactive Glass19.4CoatingsonMetallicImplantsSpray Laser Cladding19.2.5Enameling by Direct Laser Treatment19.2.6Electrophoretic DepositionClinical Relevance of Bioactive Coatings19.2.7on Metallic ImplantsFiber-reinforced Composite Implants19.3.1Load-bearing Fiber-reinforced CompositeImplantsFiber-reinforced Calvarial Implants19.3.2448Conclusions and haron44945145245445445645920 Glass Materials in yKehoe, Nancy Kilcup,471Robert Abraham andDaniel Boyd20.1Transarterial Embolization with EmbolicParticles20.2471'Bland' Embolization ofHypervascularTumors/Uterine Fibroids20.3ClinicalChallengesTechnology InnovationGlass Materials as Image-able Beads for TAEEmbolization of Malignant TumorsGlass Materials for Selective Therpauetic Efficacyin Malignant TumorsComposition-Structure-Property RelationshipsAreas for Glass20.420.520.620.7472in TAE and Potentialfor Yttrium Aluminosilicate Glasses473473479481482
Contentsxix20.820.920.10Efficacy of 90Y Glass MicrospheresTherapy in OncologyEmerging Opportunities for Therapeutic Glassesin Interventional OncologyClinicalConclusions and Outlook21488Sol-Gel-Derived Glasses for Bone TissueWilliam C.Lepry and ShowanEngineering496N. ium49921.2.2Phosphorous50021.2.3Silica500Bioactive Glasses21.3.121.4500Sol-Gel-Derived Bioactive GlassesScaffold Production50150321.4.1Foam Scaffolds50421.4.2Fibrous Scaffolds50621.5Mesoporous Bioactive Glasses21.6Sol-Gel-DerivedCoatings507for BiomedicalApplications51021.7Other Sol-Gel Glasses51121.8Conclusions and 484Index513522
Chapter 11 Phosphate Glass FibresandTheirComposites 257 KaziM. ZakirHossain, RedaM. Felfel, DavidM. GrantandIftyAhmed 11.1 Introduction 257 11.2 PhosphateGlass Fibres (PGFs) 258 11.2.1 Manufacture ofPhosphate Glass Fibres 258 11.2.2 Properties ofPhosphate Glass Fibres 260 11.2.3 BiomedicalApplicatio
bioactive marine nucleosides; bioactive marine alkaloids, bioactive marine peptides; and marine prostaglandins are dealt with in separate chapters so that the book may be adopted at any stage by any practicing
Standard level gauge glasses 0.13 mm 0.005 inches High-pressure level gauge glasses 0.05 mm 0.002 inches Standard level gauge glasses 90 N/mm² 13,000 psi Typically measured values 100 N/mm² 14,500 psi High-pressure level gauge glasses 100 N/mm² 14,500 psi Typically measured values 110 N/mm² 16,000 psi h l b l b
different food systems, is the stability of health-promoting bioactive compounds during processing and storage. These compounds are extremely sensitive to heat, light, water and oxygen, thereby, reduce the shelf life as well as bioavailability in food systems (Champagne and Fustier 2007) [6]. Furthermore, bioactive compounds form off-colors, off-
and their composites have been extensively considered to construct scaffolds for bone tissue engineering [1, 4-6]. Some basic characteristics of these materials are discussed in the following paragraphs. 3.1. Bioceramics and bioactive glasses Since bone consists of large amounts
using appropriate PPE as applicable (i.e. safety glasses, goggles, welding shields, face shields, etc.)? 18. Do safety glasses have frames constructed of plastic or metal with impact-resistant lenses? 19. Do safety glasses have side shields? 20. Do safety glasses and goggles completely cover the eyes, eye socket and area surrounding the eyes? 21.
eye tracking glasses head mounted system eye gaze tracking. 1. Introduction . Proposed solution was made from off-the-shelf parts available on the market. Total construction cost of glasses is about 30 . Construction of eye gaze tracking glasses are modeled on articles [01,02,03,04] and the tests carried out during the construction. The frames
He set the glasses on a bench that was in the sun. The sun shone on the two lenses of the glasses. The lenses glinted in the sun. The bandit slid the glasses a bit to the left. He slid the glasses until one of the l
ity of the 3D glasses, the user must be informed that use of the 3D glasses is not recommended until the issues have been resolved; 3D glasses are to be used together with the regular eye-wear of the user (eye-glasses or contact lenses). Dolby digital Manufactured under li cense from Dolby Labo-ratories.
