OPERATIONAL TERMS - U.S. Army
FM 1-02.1OPERATIONAL TERMSNOVEMBER 2019DISTRIBUTION RESTRICTION:Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.This publication supersedes chapters 1 and 2 of ADP 1-02,dated 14 August 2018HEADQUARTERS, DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY
This publication is available at the Army Publishing Directorate site(https://armypubs.army.mil/), and the Central Army Registry d).
*FM 1-02.1Field ManualNo. 1-02.1HeadquartersDepartment of the ArmyWashington, DC, 21 November 2019Operational TermsContentsPagePREFACE. iiiINTRODUCTION . vChapter 1MILITARY TERMS . 1-1Chapter 2ACRONYMS, ABBREVIATIONS, AND COUNTRY CODES . 2-1Section I — Acronyms and Abbreviations . 2-1Section II — Geographical Entity Codes . 2-22REFERENCES . References-1Distribution Restriction: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.*This publication supersedes chapters 1 and 2 of ADP 1-02, dated 14 August 2018.21 November 2019FM 1-02.1i
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PrefaceFM 1-02.1 constitutes approved Army doctrinal terminology for general use. The principal audience for thismanual are all members of the profession of Arms. Commanders and staffs of Army headquarters serving asjoint task force or multinational headquarters should also refer to applicable joint or multinational doctrineconcerning the range of military operations and joint or multinational forces. Trainers and educatorsthroughout the Army will also use this publication.Commanders, staffs, and subordinates ensure their decisions and actions comply with applicable U.S.,international, and, in some cases, host-nation laws and regulations. Commanders at all echelons ensure theirSoldiers operate in accordance with the law of war and the rules of engagement.This publication implements the following international agreements:STANAG 1059 (ED. 8). Letter Codes for Geographical Entities. 1 April 2004.STANAG 1241 (ED. 5). NATO Standard Identity Description Structure for Tactical Use. 6 April 2005.STANAG 3680 (ED. 5)/AAP-6 (2017) (2). NATO Glossary of Terms and Definitions (English and French).7 February 2018.FM 1-02.1 uses joint terms where applicable.FM 1-02.1 applies to the Active Army, Army National Guard/Army National Guard of the United States,and United States Army Reserve unless otherwise stated.The proponent of FM 1-02.1 is the United States Army Combined Arms Center. The preparing agency is theCombined Arms Doctrine Directorate, United States Army Combined Arms Center. Send written commentsand recommendations on DA Form 2028 (Recommended Changes to Publications and Blank Forms) toCommander, U.S. Army Combined Arms Center and Fort Leavenworth, ATTN: ATZL MCD (FM g-mailbox@mail.mil; or submit an electronic DA Form 2028.21 November 2019FM 1-02.1iii
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IntroductionThis first edition of FM 1-02.1 compiles definitions of all Army terms approved for use in Army doctrinalpublications, including ADPs, FMs, and ATPs. It also includes joint terms defined in the glossaries of Armydoctrinal publications as of August 2019. FM 1-02.1 also lists shortened forms (whether considered acronymsor abbreviations) approved for use in Army doctrinal publications. In addition, FM 1-02.1 incorporates NorthAtlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) terms appearing in the glossaries of Army doctrinal publications.This publication is augmented by the Army Dictionary online. Changes to terminology occur more frequentlythan traditional publication media can be updated. The terminology and military symbol database, known asthe Army Dictionary, is updated monthly to reflect the latest editions of Army publications. (To access thedatabase, go to https://jdeis.js.mil/jdeis/index.jsp?pindex 207, and log in with a common access card.) Thisdatabase is an official Department of Defense (DOD) Web site, maintained by the Combined Arms DoctrineDirectorate in collaboration with the Joint Staff Directorate for Joint Force Development. The site is part ofthe Joint Doctrine, Education, and Training Electronic Information System. It includes all Army doctrinalterms and all land operations military symbols in MIL-STD-2525D, including land related air, maritime, andspace symbols. While the database includes the same joint terms appearing in FM 1-02.1, readers shouldconsult the DOD Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms for up-to-date joint terminology.When communicating instructions to subordinate units, commanders and staffs from company through corpsechelons should use this publication as a dictionary of operational terms and military symbols.FM 1-02.1 is organized as follows:Chapter 1 presents terms.Chapter 2 presents acronyms, abbreviations, and country codes.The terminology entries in chapter 1 of this publication fall into three categories:Definitions applicable to the Army only.Joint (DOD) definitions commonly used in Army publications.North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) definitions commonly used in Army publications.For each term and definition, a proponent publication is cited in parentheses after the definition.Definitions applicable to the Army only. The Army definition is preceded by “(Army)” if the term also hasa joint definition that differs from the Army definition. (See the definition for “attack position” listed below.)If the term has no associated joint definition, the Army definition is not preceded by “(Army)”. (See thedefinition for “situational understanding” listed below.) All Army-unique definitions must be followed bythe proponent Army publication in parentheses, as in the following examples:attack position - (Army) The last position an attacking force occupies or passes through before crossing theline of departure. (ADP 3-90)situational understanding – The product of applying analysis and judgment to relevant information todetermine the relationship among the operational and mission variables to facilitate decision making.(ADP 6-0)Definitions that are joint (DOD) and appear in the glossaries of Army publications. Each joint definitionis preceded by "(DOD)." A cross-reference such as "See ADP X-YY" follows the definition, signifying thepublication discussing Army usage of the term, as in the following example:airspace control – (DOD) Capabilities and procedures used to increase operational effectiveness bypromoting the safe, efficient, and flexible use of airspace. (JP 3-52) Referenced in ADP 3-0, ADP 3-90,ADP 5-0, FM 3-52, and FM 3-90-1.21 November 2019FM 1-02.1v
IntroductionDefinitions that are NATO and appear in the glossaries of Army publications. Each NATO definition ispreceded by "(NATO)." A cross-reference such as "Referenced in ADP X-YY" follows the definition,signifying the publication discussing Army usage of the term, as in the following example:explosive ordnance disposal incident – (NATO) The suspected or detected presence of unexplodedexplosive ordnance, or damaged explosive ordnance, which constitutes a hazard to operations, installations,personnel or material. Not included in this definition are the accidental arming or other conditions thatdevelop during the manufacture of high explosive material, technical service assembly operations or thelaying of mines and demolition charges. (STANAG 3680) Referenced in ATP 4-32.DOD and NATO terms with multiple definitions. The related definition number will precede the definitionto denote the definition or definitions applicable to Army doctrine. For example the DOD term“demonstration” has two different definitions (1 and 2) for this term, and the Army only uses definitionnumber 2 in doctrine:demonstration – (DOD) 2. In military deception, a show of force in an area where a decision is not soughtthat is made to deceive an adversary. It is similar to a feint but no actual contact with the adversary is intended.(JP 3-13.4) Referenced in FM 3-90-1.In addition, two other descriptors may appear after a definition: Also called. See also.Also called. If a term has a shortened form (acronym or abbreviation) approved for doctrinal use, theshortened form appears after the definition, preceded by also called, as in the following example:after action review – A guided analysis of an organization’s performance, conducted at appropriate timesduring and at the conclusion of a training event or operation with the objective of improving futureperformance. It includes a facilitator, event participants, and other observers. Also called AAR. (FM 7-0)See also. If related terms are defined elsewhere in FM 1-02.1, they are cross-referenced after the definition.The related terms are bolded and preceded by "See also," as in the following example:area security – A security task conducted to protect friendly forces, installation routes, and actions within aspecific area. (ADP 3-90) See also area reconnaissance.The acronym and abbreviation entries listed in section I of chapter 2 are Army and joint. Shortened formsapplicable only to Army doctrine are shown in boldface, to distinguish Army from joint usage. Acronymsare added to FM 1-02.1 and the online “Army Dictionary” when a defined term has an associated acronymor if an acronym has doctrinal cross branch or functional usage. The cross branch usage criterion forconsidering an acronym for inclusion is that it must appear in two or more doctrinal publications that are notbranch specific or related.FM 1-02.1 is now the proponent of terms for which ADP 1-02 had been the proponent.viFM 1-02.121 November 2019
Chapter 1Military TermsThis chapter presents selected military terms.—A—access control point – A corridor at the installation entrance through which all vehicles and pedestrians mustpass when entering or exiting the installation. (ATP 3-39.32)actions on contact – A series of combat actions, often conducted simultaneously, taken upon contact with theenemy to develop the situation. (ADP 3-90)active air defense – (DOD) Direct defensive action taken to destroy, nullify, or reduce the effectiveness ofhostile air and missile threats against friendly forces and assets. (JP 3-01) Referenced in ADP 3-90,FM 3-01, FM 3-90-1, ATP 3-27.5, ATP 3-01.7, ATP 3-01.81, ATP 3-01.94.active – A descriptor that identifies an established kill box that has a fires and airspace status affecting aircraftand fires operating in the kill box. (ATP 3-09.34)active defense – (DOD) The employment of limited offensive action and counterattacks to deny a contestedarea or position to the enemy. See also passive defense. (JP 3-60) Referenced in ATP 3-01.81,ATP 3-01.94.act of mercy – (DOD) In personnel recovery, assistance rendered to evaders by an individual or elements of thelocal population who sympathize or empathize with the evaders' cause or plight. See also evader; evasion;recovery; recovery operations. (JP 3-50) Referenced in ATP 3-50.22.Adaptive Planning and Execution system – (DOD) A Department of Defense system of joint policies,processes, procedures, and reporting structures, supported by communications and information technology,that is used by the joint planning and execution community to monitor, plan, and execute mobilization,deployment, employment, sustainment, redeployment, and demobilization activities associated with jointoperations. Also called APEX system. (JP 5-0) Referenced in ATP 3-05.2.administrative contracting officer – (DOD) Contracting officers whose primary duties involve contractadministration. Also called ACO. (JP 4-10) Referenced in ATP 4-10.administrative control – (DOD) Direction or exercise of authority over subordinate or other organizations inrespect to administration and support. Also called ADCON. (JP 1) Referenced in ADP 3-0, ADP 5-0,FM 3-0, FM 3-94, FM 4-0, FM 6-0, ATP 3-53.1.administrative movement – A movement in which troops and vehicles are arranged to expedite theirmovement and conserve time and energy when no enemy ground interference is anticipated. (ADP 3-90)advanced force operations – (DOD) Operations conducted to refine the location of specific, identified targetsand further develop the operational environment for near-term missions. Also called AFO. (JP 3-05)Referenced in ADP 3-05.advanced operations base – A small, temporary base established near or within a joint operations area tocommand, control, and support special operations training or tactical operations. (ADP 3-05)advanced trauma management - Resuscitative and stabilizing medical or surgical treatment provided topatients to save life or limb and to prepare them for further evacuation without jeopardizing theirwell-being or prolonging the state of their condition. (FM 4-02)21 November 2019FM 1-02.11-1
Chapter 1adversary – (DOD) A party acknowledged as potentially hostile to a friendly party and against which the use offorce may be envisaged. (JP 3-0) Referenced in ADP 2-0, ADP 3-0, ADP 3-19, ADP 3-37, FM 2-0,FM 3-0, FM 4-0, FM 3-07, FM 3-53, FM 3-96, FM 3-98, ATP 3-07.5, ATP 3-20.97, ATP 3-21.10,ATP 3-21.11, ATP 3-21.20, ATP 3-53.1, ATP 3-53.2.aerial delivery – The air transport of cargo, equipment and/or personnel to a desired location on the ground byaircraft. (ATP 4-48)aerial port – (DOD) An airfield that has been designated for the sustained air movement of personnel andmateriel as well as an authorized port for entrance into or departure from the country where located. Alsocalled APORT. See also port of debarkation, port of embarkation. (JP 3-17) Referenced in FM 4-01,ATP 3-04.7, ATP 3-17.2.aeromedical evacuation – (DOD) The movement of patients under medical supervision to and betweenmedical treatment facilities by air transportation. Also called AE. (JP 4-02) Referenced in ATP 4-02.2.after action review – A guided analysis of an organization’s performance, conducted at appropriate timesduring and at the conclusion of a training event or operation with the objective of improving futureperformance. It includes a facilitator, event participants, and other observers. Also called AAR. (FM 7-0)aimpoint – (DOD) 1. A point associated with a target and assigned for a specific weapon impact. (JP 3-60)Referenced in FM 3-12.air and missile defense – (DOD) Direct [active and passive] defensive actions taken to destroy, nullify, orreduce the effectiveness of hostile air and ballistic missile threats against friendly forces and assets. Alsocalled AMD. (JP 3-01) Referenced in ATP 3-01.7, ATP 3-01.85, ATP 3-01.87, ATP 3-14.5, ATP 3-27.5.air apportionment – (DOD) The determination and assignment of the total expected effort by percentageand/or by priority that should be devoted to the various air operations for a given period of time. (JP 3-0)Referenced in ATP 3-52.2.air assault – (DOD) The movement of friendly assault forces by rotary-wing aircraft to engage and destroyenemy forces or to seize and hold key terrain. (JP 3-18) Referenced in FM 3-0, FM 3-90-1, FM 3-96,FM 3-99.air assault force – (DOD) A force composed primarily of ground and rotary-wing air units organized,equipped, and trained for air assault operations. (JP 3-18) Referenced in FM 3-99.air assault operation – (DOD) An operation in which assault forces, using the mobility of rotary wing assetsand the total integration of available firepower, maneuver under the control of a ground or air maneuvercommander to engage enemy forces or to seize and hold key terrain. (JP 3-18) Referenced in FM 3-96,FM 3-99.airborne assault – (DOD) The use of airborne forces to parachute into an objective area to attack and eliminatearmed resistance and secure designated objectives. (JP 3-18) Referenced in FM 3-0, FM 3-96, FM 3-99.airborne mission coordinator – (DOD) The designated individual that serves as an airborne extension of thecomponent commander or supported commander responsible for the personnel recovery mission. Alsocalled AMC. (JP 3-50) Referenced in ATP 3-50.10, ATP 3-55.6.airborne operation – (DOD) An operation involving the air movement into an objective area of combat forcesand their logistic support for execution of a tactical, operational, or strategic mission. (JP 3-18) Referencedin FM 3-96, FM 3-99.air defense – (DOD) Defensive measures designed to destroy attacking enemy aircraft or missiles in theatmosphere, or to nullify or reduce the effectiveness of such attack. Also called AD. (JP 3-01) Referencedin ATP 3-01.18, ATP 3-01.48.air defense artillery – (DOD) Weapons and equipment for actively combating air targets from the ground.Also called ADA. (JP 3-01) Referenced in ATP 3-01.48, ATP 3-01.81, ATP 3-01.85, ATP 3-01.87.air defense region – (DOD) A geographical subdivision of an air defense area. (JP 3-01) Referenced inATP 3-01.15.1-2FM 1-02.121 November 2019
Military Termsair defense sector – (DOD) A geographical subdivision of an air defense region. (JP 3-01) Referenced inATP 3-01.15.air defense warning condition – (DOD) An air defense warning given in the form of a color codecorresponding to the degree of air raid probability with yellow standing for when an attack by hostileaircraft or missiles is probable; red for when an attack by hostile aircraft or missiles is imminent or is inprogress; and white for when an attack by hostile aircraft or missiles is improbable. Also called ADWC.(JP 3-01) Referenced in ATP 3-01.7, ATP 3-01.15.air domain – (DOD) The atmosphere, beginning at the Earth’s surface, extending to the altitude where itseffects upon operations become negligible. (JP 3-30) Referenced in ADP 3-19, ATP 2-01.3.airdrop – (DOD) The unloading of personnel or materiel from aircraft in flight. (JP 3-17) Referenced inATP 4-48.airfield – (DOD) An area prepared for the accommodation (including any buildings, installations, andequipment), landing, and takeoff of aircraft. See also departure airfield; landing area; landing site. (JP 3-17)Referenced in FM 3-99, ATP 3-17.2.air-ground operations – The simultaneous or synchronized employment of ground forces with aviationmaneuver and fires to seize, retain, and exploit the initiative. Also called AGO. (FM 3-04)airhead – (DOD) 1. A designated area in a hostile or potentially hostile operational area that, when seized andheld, ensures the continuous air landing of troops and materiel and provides the maneuver space necessaryfor projected operations. Also called a lodgment area. (JP 3-18) Referenced in FM 3-99.airhead line – (DOD) A line denoting the limits of the objective area for an airborne assault. (JP 3-18)Referenced in FM 3-99.air interdiction – (DOD) Air operations conducted to divert, disrupt, delay, or destroy the enemy’s militarysurface capabilities before it can be brought to bear effective against friendly forces, or to otherwiseachieve objectives that are conducted at such distances from friendly forces that detailed integration of eachair mission with the fire and movement of friendly forces is not required. (JP 3-03) Referenced inADP 3-19, FM 3-09, ATP 3-04.64, ATP 3-09.34, ATP 3-52.2, ATP 3-55.6, ATP 3-60.2, ATP 3-91.1.airland – (DOD) Move by air and disembark, or unload, after the aircraft has landed or while an aircraft ishovering. (JP 3-17) Referenced in ATP 3-18.1, ATP 4-48.air liaison officer – (DOD) The senior tactical air control party member attached to a ground unit whofunctions as the primary advisor to the ground commander on air power. An air liaison officer is usually anaeronautically rated officer. Also called ALO. (JP 3-09.3) Referenced in FM 4-01, FM
STANAG 1059 (ED. 8). Letter Codes for Geographical Entities. 1 April 2004. STANAG 1241 (ED. 5). NATO Standard Identity Description Structure for Tactical Use. 6 April 2005. STANAG 3680 (ED. 5)/AAP-6 (2017) (2). NATO Glossary of Terms and Definitions (English and French). 7 February 2018. FM 1-02.1 uses joint terms where applicable.
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Information Management The Army Records Information Management System (ARIMS) *Army Regulation 25–400–2 Effective 2 November 2007 History. This publication is a rapid action r e v i s i o n . T h e p o r t i o n s a f f e c t e d b y t h i s r a p i d a c t i o n r e v i s i o n a r e l i s t e d i n t h e summary of change. Summary.File Size: 377KBPage Count: 39Explore furtherMaintaining Unit Supply Files ARIMS Training.pdfdocs.google.comInformation Brochure Army Records Information Management .www.benning.army.milCULINARY OUTPOST FILES - United States Armyquartermaster.army.milHow to find Record Number on ARIMS.pptx - Insert the .www.coursehero.comArmy Publishing Directoratearmypubs.army.milRecommended to you based on what's popular Feedback
Readers should refer to Army Doctrine Reference Publication (ADRP) 6-22, Army Leadership, for detailed explanations of the Army leadership principles. The proponent of ADP 6-22 is the United States Army Combined Arms Center. The preparing agency is the Center for Army Leadership, U.S. Army Combined Arms Center - Leader Development and Education.
Readers should refer to Army Doctrine Reference Publication (ADRP) 6-22, Army Leadership, for detailed explanations of the Army leadership principles. The proponent of ADP 6-22 is the United States Army Combined Arms Center. The preparing agency is the Center for Army Leadership, U.S. Army
Heads of Headquarters, Department of the Army Secretariat and Army Staff agencies 2 - 17, page 6 Commanders and/or the senior Army officials responsible for the Army command, Army service component com-mand, direct reporting unit, and U.S. Army Reserve 2 - 18, page 7 Senior commanders 2 - 19, page 9
