Overview Of The ITU-T Standardization Activities Related .
Internet of Things in Trade FacilitationUNECE UN/CEFACT conference, Geneva, 24 April 2018Overview of the ITU-T standardizationactivities related to the Internet of ThingsMarco CarugiSenior Consultant, NEC Corporation contractorITU-T Q2/20 Rapporteur and SG20 MentorUse cases and Requirements Champion in ITU-T Focus Group DPMITU-T Liaison Officer (ISO/IEC JTC1/SC41, Alliance for IoT Innovation WG03)AIOTI WG3 (IoT standards) High Level Architecture Leadermarco.carugi@gmail.com1
Outline Internet of Things (IoT) Introduction to the main ITU-T activities on Internet of Things Some detailed information on IoT activities in ITU-T SG20– few foundational concepts and achievements– some application studies Some detailed information on activities concerning dataprocessing and management in IoT (ITU-T SG20 and ITU-T FGDPM) Two current hot topics in the IoT space (and beyond):blockchain and data protection2
Internet of Things3
The IoT is fundamentally changing the business anddrives convergence between ICT and industriesSmarterProducts Embedded and enhanced processing power Greater data capabilities Bi-directional communicationsIsolatedConnected Pervasive coverage and greater bandwidth Multiple technologies Real time communicationsOperationalTechnologyOT roducts Applications and data Integrated/advanced analytics Shift in traditional product design Products designed with integrated services New business modelsCompetitive AdvantageSource: Machina ResearchIoT is driving a profound transformation of the industries, the digitalization impactingproducts, processes, business models and ecosystems, social life“Ultimately, digitalization is connecting all industries into a giant ecosystem” [source: Harvard webinar]44
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IoT and leading technologiesThe IoT will benefit from the integration of a numberof leading technologies, including those for Machine to Machine CommunicationsAdvanced sensing and actuationSecurity, Privacy and TrustBig Data managementSemantics supportMachine Learning (AI)Cloud Computing (and distributed computing)Softwarization (incl. Software Defined Networking, NetworkFunctions Virtualization) Autonomic Networking Service Delivery Platforms specific applications/industries 6
The key role of Standardization for IoT interoperabilityMarket research: “nearly 40% of economic impact of the IoT requires interoperability between IoT systems”IoT value will come solving interoperability issues within/across IoT domains (different interoperabilitydimensions)Key issue with IoT interoperability is current diversity the key role of international SDOsin standards convergence/harmonization (ITU-T as key actor)Open innovation systems move fast Standardization needs to cope - process,collaboration77
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Introduction to the mainITU-T activities on Internet of Things9
International Telecommunication Union (ITU)The three ITU Sectors: Standardization (ITU-T): platform for governments and private sectorto coordinate development of telecom networks & services. It promotesenabling technical, policy and regulatory frameworks to boost ICT development. Development of Interoperable, non-discriminatory international standards Assistance in bridging the standardization gap for developing countries Facilitation of international cooperation among international/regional/national SDOs Radiocommunication (ITU-R): it coordinates the shared global use ofradio spectrum and geostationary satellite orbit. Development (ITU-D): it works to improve telecom infrastructure in thedeveloping world.
ITU-T Study Groups - 2017-2020SG2 - Operational aspectsSG3 - Economic and policy issuesSG5 - Environment and climate changeSG9 - Broadband cable and TVSG11 - Protocols and test specifications SG12 - Performance, QoS and QoESG13 - Future networks, with focus on IMT- 2020, cloud computing andtrusted network infrastructuresSG15 - Transport, Access and HomeSG16 - MultimediaSG17 - SecuritySG20 - Internet of Things (IoT) and smart cities and communities (SC&C)11
ITU activities on the Internet of ThingsITU-T Study Group 20:Development andimplementation ofinternational standardsITU-T FG-DPM :Research and prestandardization work ondata processing andmanagement to support IoTand Smart CitiesU4SSC (United for SmartSustainable Cities):UN global platform forknowledge sharing(coordination ensured byITU and UNECE)12Resolution 98Enhancing the standardization of IoT andSmart Cities and Communities for globaldevelopmentIoT4SDGs: Considers the importance ofIoT to contribute to achieving the 2030Agenda for Sustainable Development.
ITU-T Study Group 20: Internet of things (IoT)and smart cities & communities (SC&C)Lead StudyGroup onExpertgroupMandate of the SG20 expert groupsWP1/20Internet ofthingsand itsapplicationsQ1/20End to end connectivity, networks, interoperability, infrastructuresand Big Data aspects related to IoT and SC&CQ2/20Requirements, capabilities and use cases across verticalsQ3/20Architectures, management, protocols and Quality of ServiceQ4/20e/Smart services, applications and supporting platformsWP2/20Smart CitiesandCommunities,incl. its eservicesand smartservicesQ5/20Research and emerging technologies, terminology and definitionsQ6/20Security, privacy, trust and identificationQ7/20Evaluation and assessment of Smart Sustainable Cities andCommunitiesRegional groupsSG20RGLATAMITU-T SG20 Regional Group for the Latin American RegionSG20RGEECATITU-T SG20 Regional Group for Eastern Europe, Central Asia andTranscaucasiaSG20RG-ARB ITU-T SG20 Regional Group for the Arab RegionSG20RG-AFR ITU-T SG20 Regional Group for the Africa RegionIoTidentificationOther groups under SG20JCA-IoT andSC&CJoint Coordination Activity on IoT and SC&C [it maintains the IoTand SC&C standards roadmap]FG-DPMFG on Data Processing and Management13 to support IoT and SC&CEstablished in June 2015 toconsolidate the variousITU-T activities on IoTLast SG20 meeting on4-15 Sept 2017, GenevaLast SG20/WP1 Rapporteurs Groupmeeting on15-24 Jan 2018, GenevaNext SG20 meetingon 6-16 May 2018, CairoSG20 Home page: 20/Pages/default.aspx
Internet of Things and DataHuge volume of data produced by IoT devicesMultiple data sources (things, context, historical data, social data)Data with different velocity, formats, precision, confidence, qualityFrom Data to Actionable IntelligenceDifferent operations on data for extraction of actionable intelligenceA key goal is to have ready for use the rightdata, at the right time, at the right locationThe Industrial Internet Data loop[source: GE whitepaper]Datainteroperabilitythroughout thecycle is critical(syntax andmeaning)Knowledge hierarchy applied in data processingSource: Barnaghi and al., IJSWIS, 201214
Opportunities and challenges of Data in the IoTProcess optimization and data monetization via analytics (driving revenueby sharing, analyzing and interpreting data, for multiple purposes) Extraction of tangible business and technology value Response and action in real time, improving productivity/business processes, lowering costs Long-range forecasts enabling strategic actions - business differentiation, addressing societychallenges New/improved business models and service offer, faster, more efficiently and agileTechnical and non-technical challenges Dealing with the “V”s of data : Volume, Variety, Velocity, Variability, Veracity Discovery of appropriate devices and data sources Integration of heterogeneous devices, networks and data Scalability to cope with large numbers of devices, diverse and huge data, computational complexity of data interpretation Massive data mining, efficient computing and processing, flexible learning Data queryAvailability and (open) access to data (resources) Trust, security and privacy of data Interpretation (extraction of actionable intelligence from data) Other non-technical challenges also essential (incl. data ownership and data governance)15
ITU-T Focus Group on Data Processing and Management tosupport IoT and Smart Cities & Communities (ITU-T FG-DPM)Essential tasks Identify challenges in IoT and smart cities for data processing and management Identify key requirements ad capabilities for data processing and management Promote the establishment of trust-based data management frameworks for IoT and SC&C Investigate the role of emerging technologies to support data management incl. blockchain Identify and address standardization gaps and challengesMain priorityWG1 - Use Cases,Requirements andApplications/ServicesWG2 - DPMFramework,Architectures andCore ComponentsWG3 - Datasharing,Interoperabilityand BlockchainWG4 - Security,Privacy and TrustincludingGovernance5 Working GroupsFirst meeting: Geneva, 17-19 July 2017Second meeting: Geneva, 20-25 October 2017Third meeting: Brussels, 20-23 Feb 2018Fourth meeting: Cairo, 1-3 May 2018WG5 - DataEconomy,commercializationand monetizationTo propose mechanisms ,frameworks and guidelinesfor supporting security,privacy and interoperabilityof datasets and datamanagement systems inIoT and smart cities251st ITU Workshop on Data Processing andManagement for IoT and Smart Cities & Communities:Brussels, Belgium, 19 Feb. 2018FG-DPM Home page: /default.aspx
Some detailed information on IoT activities in ITU-TSG20: few foundational concepts and achievements,some application studies17
A basic reference: the IoT Reference Model defined by ITU-TCapability view of the IoT infrastructure Application capabilities Service Support and ApplicationSupport capabilities Network capabilities Device and Gateway capabilities Cross-layer Management capabilities Cross-layer Security capabilitiesSource: ITU-T Y.2060 /Y.4000 “Overview of the Internet of things”18
IoT ecosystem(s): business roles and models[source: Appendixes of ITU-T Y.4000/Y.2060]Business RolesPlatform providerBusiness models (5 typical examples inY.2060)Application customerApplication providerNetwork providerDevice provider“Simplified view” of business roles and relationships(no ambition to represent all roles and relationshipsacross the huge number of real IoT businessdeployments)Main objective of this analysis: building a proactive linkage between real deploymentsand technical standardization (requirements, capabilities and functions, open interfaces)NOTE - This exercise has been replicated in specific domains (e.g. e-health, Big Data)19
A fundamental shift promoted by IoT:from vertical to horizontal platformsThe situation of technology separationamong IoT application domains producesmarket separationVERTICAL ecificplatformvehiclesHORIZONTAL MODELCommon er modulesand terminalsPlatform configured per vertical application(domain)metervehiclesOther modulesand terminalsHorizontal platform supporting multiple applications(with common components and application-specificcomponents)Deployment reality: different (per domain) platformswill continue to be deployed and need to interoperatePer silo integration does not scale and limits evolution possibilitiesPlatform based integration with the key role of open standards and open source
The oneM2M architecture approach adopted by ITU-ToneM2M architecture InfrastructureIoT DeviceApplicationIoT ServerApplicationApplicationLayerIoT ServicePlatform(Common)Service LayerProvides horizontal services that IoTapplications across differentindustry segments commonly need(e.g. data management, security, )Network LayerCan be deployed on devices,gateways and servers in highlydistributed deploymentsEmbeddedService e “framework” that sitsbetween IoT applications andcommunication networkingcomponentsAs the result of concrete collaboration between ITU-T SG20 and oneM2M, variousoneM2M specifications are under adoption (since Sept 2017) as ITU-T Recommendationsor Supplements, the oneM2M Architecture specification being part of this process
IoT applications: a non-exhaustive list of(completed or ongoing) studies in SG20IoT and SC&C application domains (relates studies at different levels) Smart Cities (parking, lightning, water management etc.) Smart Rural CommunitiesSmart Residential Communities Smart Tourist destinationsSmart PortSmart Transportation (Cooperative ITS apps, Automotive Emergency Response System,Transportation Safety Services, Unmanned Aircraft Systems, others) Smart RetailWearablesSmart Farming/Agriculture Smart Manufacturing (framework in the context of Industrial IoT)Smart monitoring (environment, animals’ movement)Monitoring and study of Global Processes of the Earth for disaster preparedness Micro-Grids and Advanced Metering Infrastructure Home Networks E-health Others (incl. specific use cases from developing countries, Smart Evacuation duringemergencies, )Numerous other technical areas (than the application domains) are addressed by SG20 studies (horizontalframeworks and capabilities, support of specific technologies, other).
Smart Cities as super application domain of the IoTIntegration ofmultiple verticalsCitizen-centricservicesThe brain ofthe cityStill a number oftechnical challenges,incl. interoperability,scalability, dynamicity,security and privacyData collection, analysis,knowledge, planning, actionSmart City PlatformThe senses ofthe orldWideWebIoT DevicesCity data sourcesSource: Dr. Levent GürgenVarious approved ITU-T Recommendations on smart cities: Key Performance Indicators, smart city platforms, etc.A large number of ongoing studies on smart cities: ecosystem, applications and services; requirements and capabilities;general reference models; maturity model; assessment framework for digital transformation; efficient service analysis,strategic planning, deployment and implementation; ICT use for smart city physical infrastructure; Open Data; etc.23
Smart Cities: an incremental and participatory journeytowards full support to Data Economy12Efficient and OpenTruly Smart Vertical solutions bringingefficiency in silos Historic data as open data Information still in verticalsilos, no global picture Horizontal platformintegrating “right-time”context info from differentvertical services Predictive and prescriptivemodels43Unleashing Right-timeOpen Data Right-time context infopublished to third parties Exchange of context infowith systems from otherdomainsSupport toData Economy City as a platform includingalso 3rd party data enablinginnovative business models Open and commercial dataenabling multi-side marketsSource:
Smart Transportation:Transportation safety services (ITU-T Y.4116)Concept of transportation safety managementSystem structure for transportation safety managementUse of IoT technologies can reduce/prevent occurrence of accidents and disastersThe transportation safety service platform monitors transportation safety relevant conditions and parameters,performs disaster simulations and decides the threshold values for disaster prediction and detection.The transportation safety management centre monitors the safety status of vehicles and transportation25infrastructure, and influences the operations of vehicles and infrastructure, by collaborating with the transportationsafety service platform, including generation of alarms.
Transportation safety services (ITU-T Y.4116) – continuedSupportinginfrastructureTransportation Safety ServicePlatform(Server)Precise decisionBig data analysis based on IoT sensing dataIoT Control MessagesIoT Sensing DataVehiclesSensing dataFast decisionThreshold values for fast decisionTransportation Safety ServicePlatform(Client)Real time analysis of sensing data locallyExample of decision making based ondistributed processing technology26Example of transportation safetymanagement services: Transportationstatus monitoring service
IoT-based Automotive Emergency Response System (AERS)(ITU-T Y.4119)Capability framework of the AERSOverview of the AERSGNSSAEDDSOSbuttonLegacysystemVehicle statusmonitoring FEAEDDInternalsensorsAERCEAdatavoiceAERCMSD ocation FEProxyAERC FEVoice call FEAERC FEInternalsensorsAudiodeviceEAAEDD automotive emergency detection deviceAERC automotive emergency response centerEAemergency authorityGNSS global navigation satellite systemAn IoT-based automotive emergency response system is expected to reduce the automobile accidentdetection and reporting times using automatic accident detection-report procedures.Furthermore, since a sensor assisted geographical positioning allows to pinpoint the exact location of the27accident, the time for rescue to reach the accident scene is expected to be shortened significantly.
Smart Retail:applications for retail stores enabled by IoT technologies (ongoing study)Smart retail store ecosystemData collection and analysis in smart retail store ecosystemIoT technologies can enable a safe and efficient retail store management system for non-stopoperation (24 hours / 365 days): the collection and monitoring in real time of information related to thevarious kinds of equipment in stores may allow early28 detection of equipment failure and accurateprediction of equipment problems.
IoT for wearable devices and related servicesMonitoring ofuser sphysiologicalconditionExpansionof user sperceptionImprovement of user sworkefficiencySource: ITU-T Y.4117«Requirements and capabilitiesof IoT for support of wearabledevices and related services»······Wearable device relatedservicesHealth adviceExercise tipsAnalysisresultsWork planWearabledevicerelated data···Physiologicaldata···User s action dataIoT networkEnvironmentaldata······DoctorSmart glassesOfficeassistantSportstrainerSmart clothingOther WDS usersSmart braceletSmart ringUserWearable devices29Gamedevelopers
Smart Port:Smart management of supply services in smart port (ongoing study)Smart Port [including interface for interaction with Smart City Platforms]IoT technologies can deployed in ports to improve ports’ operation and service offer to customers.The integration between port and city enables reciprocal access to the respective services.30 their resources according to the informationCities can also improve their services, e.g. controllingprovided by port remote management systems in real time.
Internet of Things in Food & Farmingsmart sensing& monitoringPlatformssmartcontrolsmart analysis &planningSource:Source: ISOThe SG20 studies in this application domain are at initial stage - use cases such as31livestock farming etc.
Some detailed information on activities concerningdata processing and management in IoT(ITU-T SG20 and ITU-T FG-DPM)32
A foundational Recommendation on Big Data:Y.4114 “Specific requirements and capabilities of the IoT for Big Data”Specific requirements and capabilities that the IoT is expected to support in order toaddress the challenges related to Big DataIoT DataproviderIoT dataIoT DatacarrierIoT dataIoT DataconsumerIoT DataproviderIoT DataconsumerDevice providerDevice providerNetwork providerIoT datadatadata injectedcollectedfromfrom thingsexternalresourcesIoT DataframeworkproviderIoT dataIoT DataapplicationproviderApplicationproviderdatadata injectedcollectedfromfrom things externalresourcesThe IoT data roles identified in Y.4114[intended as the key roles which arerelevant in an IoT deployment from adata operation perspective]Network providerIoT Data carrierPlatformproviderPlatformproviderNetwork providerApplicationproviderIoT dataIoT dataIoT dataIoT DataframeworkproviderNetwork providerPlatformproviderIoT dataIoT DataapplicationproviderApplicationproviderDevice providerNetwork providerMappings of IoT businessdata roles33App
Apr 26, 2018 · Introduction to the main ITU-T activities on Internet of Things . Integrated/advanced analytics . Appendixes of ITU-T Y.4000/Y.2060] Business Roles Main objective of this analys
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