Exploring Literature
Instructor's Manualto accompanyMaddenExploring LiteratureSecond EditionFrank MaddenSUNY Westchester Community CollegeNew York Boston San FranciscoLondon Toronto Sydney Tokyo Singapore MadridMexico City Munich Paris Cape Town Hong Kong Montreal
NOTE REGARDING WEB SITES AND PASSWORDS:If you need a password to access instructor supplements on a Longmanbook-specific Web site, please use the following or's Manual to accompany Madden, Exploring Literature, Second EditionCopyright 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. Instructors may reproduceportions of this book for classroom use only. All other reproductions are strictlyprohibited without prior permission of the publisher, except in the case of brief quotationsembodied in critical articles and reviews.ISBN: 0-321-17979-X1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10–DPC–06 05 04 03
Table of ContentsPrefacexvAlternate Table of Contents by Genre1PART IMAKING CONNECTIONSCHAPTER 1 Participation:Personal Response and Critical ThinkingWriting to LearnCollaboration and PrivacyOurselves as ReadersDifferent Kinds of ReadingPeter Meinke, Advice to My SonMaking ConnectionsImages of Ourselves:Paul Zimmer, Zimmer in Grade SchoolStevie Smith, Not Waving, But DrowningCulture, Values, and ExperienceRobert Hayden, Those Winter Sundays,Marge Piercy, Barbie DollBeing in the MomentDudley Randall,Ballad of BirminghamParticipation and ImaginationCHAPTER 2 Communication:Writing About LiteratureThe Response EssayVoice and WritingVoice and Response to 922
Countee Cullen, IncidentWriting to DescribeStaying Anchored in the LiteratureChoosing Details from LiteratureSandra Cisneros, ElevenWriting to CompareAnna Quindlen, MothersLangston Hughes, SalvationPossible WorldsFrom First Response to Final Draft22232324242525262727PART IIANALYSIS, ARGUMENTATION, AND RESEARCHChapter 3: Exploration and Analysis:Genre and the Elements of LiteratureClose ReadingAnnotating the TextPercy Bysshe Shelley, OzymandiasLiterature in ContextYour Critical ApproachReading and Analyzing FictionFiction and TruthNarrationSettingConflict and PlotPlotCharacterLanguage and StyleThemeGetting Ideas for Writing about FictionKate Chopin, The Story of an HourReading and Analyzing PoetryLanguage and StyleStephen Crane, War Is Kindiv3030303031313232323233333434343535373839
Imagery, Figurative Language,Simile, Metaphor, and SymbolHelen Chassin, The Word 'Plum'Robert Browning, Meeting at NightParting at MorningLangston Hughes,A Dream DeferredN. Scott Momaday, SimileCarl Sandburg, FogJames Stephens, The WindRobert Frost, The Road Not TakenSound and StructureRhyme, Alliteration, AssonanceMeterFormal Verse: The SonnetWilliam Shakespeare, Sonnet #29.Blank VerseFree VerseWalt Whitman, When I Heard the Learn'dAstronomerInterpretation/ExplicationTypes of PoetryMay Swenson, Pigeon WomanReading and Analyzing DramaPoint of ViewSet and SettingConflict and PlotAristotle's PoeticsCharacterThemePeriods of Drama: Greek, Shakespearian, and ModernTips on Reading AntigoneSophocles, AntigoneReading and Analyzing the EssayTypes of EssaysLanguage, Style, and 5152525252525353545456
Theme or ThesisAmy Tan, Mother TongueChapter 4 Argumentation:Writing a Critical EssayThe Critical EssayInterpretation and EvaluationOptions for Writing a Critical Essay:Process and ProductArgumentation: Writing a Critical EssayThe Development of a Critical EssayChapter 5 Research:Writing with Secondary SourcesGetting StartedYour SearchTaking NotesCase Study in Research:Thinking about Interpretation, Culture, ResearchJames Joyce, EvelineProf. Devenish's CommentaryStudent Research Essay565858585959606161616162626262PART IIIA THEMATIC ANTHOLOGYThe Dialogues Across History66Family and FriendsFiction66Chinua Achebe, Marriage Is a Private AffairJames Baldwin, Sonny's BluesJohn Cheever, Reunion666768vi
Louise Erdrich, The Red ConvertibleD.H. Lawrence, The Horse Dealer's DaughterTillie Olsen, I Stand Here Ironing.Linda Ching Sledge, The RoadJohn Updike, A&PEudora Welty, A Worn Path697172747577PoetryConnecting through Comparison: Remembrance79Elizabeth Gaffney, Losses that Turn Up in Dreams 79William Shakespeare, Sonnet #3079Julie Alvarez, DustingRobert Frost, Mending WallSeamus Heaney, DiggingMidterm BreakPhilip Larkin, This Be the VerseMichael Lassell, How To Watch Your Brother DieLi-Young Lee, The GiftJanice Mirikatani, For My FatherSharon Olds, 35/10Theodore Roethke, My Papa's WaltzCathy Song, The Youngest Daughter8080818282838484858687DramaTennessee Williams, The Glass Menagerie88EssaysDoris Kearns Goodwin, From Father with LoveMaxine Hong Kingston, No Name WomanMark Twain, Advice to Youth919192Case Study in Composition:Thinking about Interpretation and BiographyLorraine Hansberry and A Raisin in the Sun93vii
Women and MenFictionAnton Chekhov, The Lady with the Pet DogWilliam Faulkner, A Rose for EmilyCharlotte Perkins Gilman, The Yellow WallpaperErnest Hemingway, Hills Like White ElephantsJames Joyce, ArabyBobbie Ann Mason, ShilohRosario Morales, The Day It Happened959698100102104105PoetryConnecting through Comparison: Be My LoveChristopher Marlowe, A Passionate Shepherd To His LoveWalter Raleigh, The Nymph's Reply to the ShepherdAndrew Marvell, To His Coy Mistress106106106106Maya Angelou, Phenomenal WomanMargaret Atwood, You Fit Into MeSiren SongElizabeth Barrett Browning, How Do I Love TheeRobert Browning, Porphyria's LoverNikki Giovanni, WomanJudy Grahn, Ella, in a Square Apron, Along Highway 80A.E. Housman, When I Was One-and-TwentyEdna St. Vincent Millay, What Lips My Lips Have Kissed,And Where, and WhyLove Is Not AllSharon Olds, Sex Without LoveSylvia Plath, MirrorAlberto Rios, The Purpose of Altar ing through Comparison: Shall I Compare Thee115William Shakespeare, Shall I Compare Theeto a Summer's Day? (Sonnet 18)115Howard Moss, Shall I Compare Thee to A Summer’s Day 115viii
William Shakespeare, My Mistress's Eyes AreNothing Like the Sun (Sonnet 130)116DramaAnton Chekhov, The Proposal116Connecting through Comparison: Across GenresJacob and Wilhelm Grimm, CinderellaAnne Sexton, Cinderella118118118EssaysBruno Bettleheim, CinderellaSei Shonagan, A Lover's DepartureVirginia Woolf, If Shakespeare Had a Sister119120120Case Study in Composition:Henrik Ibsen, A Doll's HouseThinking about Interpretation inCultural and Historical Context121Heritage and IdentityFictionJulia Alvarez, SnowWilla Cather, Paul's CaseJamaica Kincaid, GirlTahira Naqvi, Brave We AreFrank O'Connor, My Oedipus ComplexAmy Tan, Two KindsAlice Walker, Everyday Use123124126126127129130PoetryConnecting through Comparison: The Mask We WearW.H. Auden, The Unknown CitizenPaul Laurence Dunbar, We Wear the MaskT.S. Eliot, The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock132132132133ix
Sherman Alexie, On the Amtrakfrom Boston to New York CityGloria Anzuldua, To Live in the Borderlands Means YouElizabeth Bishop, In the Waiting RoomGwendolyn Brooks, We Real Coole.e. cummings, anyone lived in a pretty how townMartin Espada, Latin Night at the Pawn ShopPat Mora, ImmigrantsWilliam Butler Yeats, The Lake Isle of Innisfree134134135135136136137137DramaSophocles, Oedipus Rex138EssaysMaya Angelou, GraduationJoan Didion, Why I WriteMartin Luther King, Jr., I Have a DreamNeil Miller, In Search of Gay AmericaCharles Fruehling Springwood and C. Richard King,Playing Indian: Why Native American Mascots Must EndCase Study in Composition:Thinking about Interpretation and PerformanceWilliam Shakespeare, HamletMultiple Interpretations of Hamlet140141141142143144144144Culture and ClassFictionToni Cade Bambara, The LessonT. Coraghessan Boyle, Greasy LakeKate Chopin, Desiree’s BabyRalph Ellison, Battle RoyalLiliana Heker, The Stolen Party147148149150151x
Gabriel Garcia Marquez,A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings152Flannery O'Connor, Everything that Rises Must Converge 153PoetryConnecting through Comparison: The CityWilliam Blake, London.William Wordsworth, Composed on Westminster Bridge154155Robert Francis, PitcherMarge Piercy, To Be of UseEdwin Arlington Robinson, Richard CoryMr. Flood's PartyJohn Updike, Ex-Basketball PlayerWilliam Carlos Williams, At the Ball Game156156157157158158Connecting through Comparison: What Is PoetryArchibald MacLeish, Ars PoeticaLawrence Ferlinghetti, Constantly Risking AbsurdityBilly Collins, Introduction to Poetry159159159DramaSusan Glaspell, TriflesLuis Valdez, Los Vendidos160163EssaysFrederick Douglass, Learning to Read and WriteRichard Rodriguez, WorkersJonathan Swift, A Modest ProposalMark Twain, Corn-Pone Opinions164165166166Case Study in Composition:Writers of the Harlem RenaissanceAlain Locke, The New NegroLangston Hughes, From The Big SeaThe Negro Artist and the Racial MountainThe Negro Speaks of Rivers167168168169169xi
I, TooThe Weary BluesOne Friday MorningTheme for English BClaude McKay, AmericaGwendolyn B. Bennett, HeritageJean Toomer, ReapersCountee Cullen, Yet Do I MarvelFrom the Dark TowerAnne Spencer, Lady, LadyGeorgia Douglas Johnson,I Want to Die While You Love MeZora Neale Hurston, Sweat170170171171172173173174174175175176Faith and DoubtFictionThomas Bulfinch, The Myth of Daedalus and IcarusRaymond Carver, CathedralNathaniel Hawthorne, Young Goodman BrownPam Houston, A Blizzard Under Blue SkyJoyce Carol Oates, Where Are You Going,Where Have You BeenTim O'Brien, The Things They CarriedLuigi Pirandello, WarJohn Steinbeck, The ting through Comparison: Sept. 11, 2001Deborah Garrison, I Saw You WalkingBrian Doyle, LeapBilly Collins, The Names188188188189Matthew Arnold, Dover BeachWilliam Blake, The Lamb and The TygerRobert Bridges, London SnowStephen Crane, A Man Said to the Universe189190190191xii
Emily Dickinson,Tell all the truth but tell it slantAfter great pain, a formal feeling comesMuch madness is divinest senseThere is a certain slant of light.She sweeps with many-colored BroomsSuccess Is Counted SweetestI Heard a Fly Buzz When I DiedJohn Donne, A Valediction Forbidding MourningDeath, Be Not ProudMark Doty, BrillianceRobert Frost, Fire and IceOut, Out Tess Gallagher, The HugA.E. Housman, To an Athlete Dying YoungJohn Keats, When I Have Fears that I May Cease To BeGalway Kinnell, Saint Francis and the SowWilliam Stafford, Traveling through the DarkDylan Thomas, Do Not Go Gentle Into that Good NightWalt Whitman, Song of Myself 99200200201Connecting through Comparison: The Impact of WarThomas Hardy, The Man He KilledAmy Lowell, PatternsWilfred Owen, Dulce et Decorum EstCarl Sandburg, GrassYusef Komunyakka, Facing It201201201202202202DramaExploring Othello: Making ConnectionsWilliam Shakespeare, Othello204204EssaysAlbert Camus, The Myth of SisyphusPlato, The Allegory of the CavePhilip Simmons, Learning To Fall207207208xiii
Henry David Thoreau, Civil DisobedienceCase Study in Composition:Thinking about Interpretation--Poetry and PaintingW.H. Auden, Musee des Beaux ArtsAlan Devenish, Icarus AgainN. Scott Momaday, Before an Old Painting of theCrucifixionSamuel Yellen, NighthawksAnne Sexton, The Starry NightWallace Stevens, The Man with the Blue GuitarMary Ellen LeClair, The Clark Institute: Labor Day, 1999Adrienne Rich, Mourning PictureSandra Nelson, When a Woman Holds a Letter209209210210210211211211211212212Exploring Literature AppendixA. Critical Approaches to LiteratureB. Writing about FilmC. MLA Documentation212213213Instructor’s Manual Appendix:Four Sample Syllabi215xiv
PrefaceThe ideas expressed in this manual are merely suggestions. These ideascannot and should not replace your notions about what will work best foryou and with your students. Different sections of the same course bringdifferent students, a different group chemistry, and a different relationshipwith you and the literature in this book. Your judgment and your activeinvolvement with your students will tell you the most effective direction totake.In many ways, the best questions to use as the basis for your discussions inclass are the questions your students raise themselves. Listening carefullyto their questions and comments will help you gain insights into what theyknow and what they need to know to enliven and enrich their experienceswith literature. The statement from Louise Rosenblatt's Literature asExploration that I have used in the preface of the book gets at the heart ofwhat matters in the classroom and bears repeating here. When you use anymethod or technique with your class, ask yourself if it gets "in the way ofthe live sense of literature . . . is it a means toward making literature amore personally meaningful and self-disciplined activity?" If you measureall your classroom activities and assignments against this question, you'llbe off to a solid start.The table of contents at the beginning of this manual follows the order ofthe material in the text. The alternate TOC that follows this commentary isorganized by genre and lists authors and their works in alphabetical order.In addition to the commentary and explanations about the organization andfeatures of Parts I and II (chapters 1 through 5), there are a number ofstudent exercises that you might use with your classes. These exercises area follow-up on the commentary in the text itself and are designed to getstudents to "experience" what is described in the surrounding passages inthe book.Part III of this manual includes commentary and suggestions about usingthe literature and the case books in the theme sections of the book. For thexv
most part, these suggestions are aimed at getting students personallyinvolved with the literature and tapping their own experiences as afoundation for responding to literature. The appendix contains four samplesyllabi constructed by faculty members who have used / are using the textat my college. The first three are designed for traditional classrooms, andthe last one is designed for an on-line course.New to the second edition of this instructor’s manual are prompts forwriting and discussion for all the short stories, poems, plays, and essays.In addition, all of the short stories and plays will list useful web sites, andwhere possible, video resources and bibliographies of additional reading.A comprehensive web site has been constructed to support the literatureand activities in the text. This site includes in-depth information aboutfeatured authors, additional activities for writing about literature, links toliterature and research sites, and additional casebooks. It can be found at http:www.ablongman.com/madden .Finally, remember that the quality of your presence in the classroom--yourwisdom, enthusiasm, listening skills, and patience--more than any text ormethod, is the most important factor in making your class a success. Ifyour students respect and believe in you, they are much more likely tobelieve that the reading and writing that you ask them to do will ultimatelybenefit them.I am grateful to my generous colleagues in the English Dept. at WCC whohave contributed their work, ideas, and / or syllabi to the text and thismanual: Bill Costanzo, Joanne Falinski, Alan Devenish, Liz Gaffney,Linda Sledge, Tahira Naqvi, Mary Ellen LeClair, Richard Courage, andJillian Quinn. And I am grateful to my students, who have been andcontinue to be such a vital part of my own education. At Longman, I amthankful to Stefanie Schwalb for her proofreading, and I appreciate thefine work Cyndy Taylor has done on the web site. I am especially gratefulto Donna Campion for her patience and perseverance during theproduction of this manual.xvi
ALTERNATE CONTENTS BY GENREFICTIONChinua Achebe, Marriage Is a Private AffairJulia Alvarez, SnowJames Baldwin, Sonny's BluesToni Cade Bambara, The LessonT. Coraghessan Boyle, Greasy LakeThomas Bulfinch, The Myth of Daedalus and IcarusRaymond Carver, CathedralWilla Cather, Paul's CaseJohn Cheever, ReunionAnton Chekhov, The Lady with the Pet DogKate Chopin, Desiree's BabyThe Story of an HourSandra Cisneros, ElevenRalph Ellison, Battle RoyalLouise Erdrich, The Red ConvertibleWilliam Faulkner, A Rose for EmilyCharlotte Perkins Gilman, The Yellow WallpaperLudwig Jacob and Wilhelm Carl Grimm, CinderellaNathaniel Hawthorne, Young Goodman Brown.Liliana Heker, The Stolen PartyErnest Hemingway, Hills Like White ElephantsPam Houston, A Blizzard under Blue SkyLangston Hughes, One Friday MorningZora Neale Hurston, SweatJames Joyce, ArabyEvelineJamaica Kincaid, GirlD.H. Lawrence, The Horse Dealer's DaughterGabriel Garcia Marquez,A Very Old Man with Enormous WingsBobbie Ann Mason, ShilohRosario Morales, The Day It 81181791511001801711761026212671152104105
Tahira Naqvi, Brave We AreJoyce Carol Oates, Where Are You Going,Where Have You BeenTim O'Brien, The Things They CarriedFlannery O'Connor, Everything that RisesMust ConvergeFrank O'Connor, My Oedipus ComplexTillie Olsen, I Stand Here IroningLuigi Pirandello, WarLinda Ching Sledge, The RoadJohn Steinbeck, The ChrysanthemumsAmy Tan, Two KindsJohn Updike, A&PAlice Walker, Everyday UseEudora Welty, A Worn an Alexie, On the Amtrak from Bostonto New York CityJulie Alvarez, DustingMaya Angelou, Phenomenal WomanGloria Anzuldua, To Live in the Borderlands Means YouMatthew Arnold, Dover BeachMargaret Atwood, You Fit Into MeSiren SongW.H. Auden, Musee des Beaux ArtsThe Unknown CitizenGwendolyn Bennett, HeritageWilliam Blake, The LambLondonThe TygerElizabeth Bishop, In the Waiting RoomRobert Bridges, London SnowGwendolyn Brooks, We Real CoolElizabeth Barrett Browning, How Do I Love 35109
Robert Browning, Meeting at NightParting at MorningPorphyria's LoverHelen Chassin, The Word 'Plum'Billy Collins, Introduction to PoetryThe NamesStephen Crane, War Is KindA Man Said to the UniverseCountee Cullen, From the Dark TowerIncidentYet Do I Marvele.e. cummings, anyone lived in a pretty how townAlan Devenish, Icarus AgainEmily Dickinson,Tell all the truth but tell it slantAfter great pain, a formal feeling comesMuch Madness is divinest senseShe Sweeps with many-colored broomsThere is a certain slant of lightSuccess is counted sweetestI heard a fly buzz when I diedJohn Donne, A Valediction Forbidding MourningDeath Be Not ProudMark Doty, BrillianceBrian Doyle, LeapPaul Laurence Dunbar, We Wear the MaskT.S. Eliot, The Love Song of J. Alfred PrufrockMartin Espada, Latin Night at the Pawn ShopLawrence Ferlinghetti, Constantly Risking AbsurdityRobert Francis, PitcherRobert Frost, Fire and IceMending WallOut, Out . . .The Road Not TakenElizabeth Gaffney, Losses that Turn Up in DreamsTess Gallagher, The 9198
Deborah Garrison, I Saw You WalkingNikki Giovanni, WomanJudy Grahn, Ella, in a Square Apron, Along Highway 80Thomas Hardy, The Man He KilledRobert Hayden, Those Winter SundaysSeamus Heaney, DiggingMidterm BreakA.E. Housman, To an Athlete Dying YoungWhen I Was One-and-twentyLangston Hughes, A Dream DeferredI, TooTheme for English BThe Negro Speaks of RiversThe Weary BluesGeorgia Douglas Johnson, I Want To Die WhileYou Love MeJohn Keats, When I Have Fears that I May Cease to BeGalway Kinnell, St. Francis and the SowYusef Komunyakka, Facing ItPhilip Larkin, This Be the VerseMichael Lassell, How To Watch Your Brother DieMary Ellen LeClair, The Clark Institute:Labor Day, 1999Li-Young Lee, The GiftAmy Lowell, PatternsArchibald MacLeish, Ars PoeticaChristopher Marlowe, A Passionate Shepherd to His LoveAndrew Marvell, To His Coy MistressClaude McKay, AmericaPeter Meinke, Advice to My SonEdna St. Vincent Millay, Love Is Not AllWhat Lips My Lips Have Kissed,and Where, and W
From the Dark Tower 174 Anne Spencer, Lady, Lady 175 Georgia Douglas Johnson, I Want to Die While You Love Me 175 Zora Neale Hurston, Sweat 176 Faith and Doubt Fiction Thomas Bulfinch, The Myth of Daedalus and Icarus 177 Raymond Carver, Cathedral 178 Nathaniel Hawthorne, Young Goo
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Literature Reviews What this handout is about This handout will explain what a literature review is and offer insights into the form and construction of a literature review in the humanities, social sciences, and sciences. Introduction OK. You’ve got to write a literature review. You dust off a novel and a book of poetry, settle
