ESSENTIAL GUIDE TO Virtual Server Backup Technologies
Managing the information that drives the enterpriseSTORAGEESSENTIAL GUIDE TOVirtual serverbackup technologiesGet the lowdown on VMware andHyper-V backup technologiesincluding how deduplication,enterprise backup modules andthird-party applications can easethe burden of virtual server backup.QINSIDE6 Applications for virtual server backup14 vSphere’s upgraded features20 Dedupe can help virtual server sprawl24 Hyper-V and VMware backup comparison28 Channel Spin: VM backup tips1
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Hyper-V backupVendor resourceseditorial rich castagnaPlenty of alternativesfor backing up virtual serverssWhat’s been a boon to the server side of the shophas been the bane of storage. But new toolsand new approaches are making backingup virtual servers a lot easier.Backup apps forvirtual serversVMware vSphereDedupe technologyOMETIMES A VERY delicate balance is required to keep an IT shop running smoothly.3Although there are clearly disparate disciplines at work in the data center, thegears have to mesh at key points to ensure that all the moving parts are working together well enough to press on in the same direction. When server virtualization technology matured and was embraced wholeheartedly by the systemsside of the house, storage managers may have taken little notice. But whenserver virtualization began to approach critical mass, it was clear that storagehad some catching up to do, and that backup was the first area that had to beaddressed.Server virtualization changes the environment in both subtle and profoundways. Operationally, things may not be so different and traditional data management methods—as with backup—may appear to fit in nicely. Such is thecase in many shops today where backup methods have been barely alteredto accommodate virtualized servers. Running a standard backup agent in eachvirtual machine may work okay today but, sooner or later, that approach isbound to stumble.The problem is that traditional backup apps see things on a one-to-onebasis—one OS running on one physical server—and count on having thosephysical resources to their jobs. But as multiple virtual machines (VMs) beginto share a single hardware platform, all bets are off and contention for theresources is inevitable. Without proper management, performance will sufferand basic activities—like backup—can be stopped in their tracks.Citrix, Microsoft, VMware and other hypervisor vendors recognized the problemand offered server-centric remedies like VMware Consolidated Backup (VCB).There’s no doubt that applications like VCB did provide remedies for some of thebackup problems, but they did so with the cost of added complexity. New dataprotection apps also emerged from vendors like PHD Virtual, Quest Software(formerly Vizioncore) and Veeam that were designed from the ground up tooperate in often unpredictable virtual environments. These new backup apps doan admirable job, but they’re often shackled by the weight of having to elbowCopyright 2010, TechTarget. No part of this publication may be transmitted or reproduced in any form, or by any means, without permission in writing fromthe publisher. For permissions or reprint information, please contact Mike Kelly, VP and Group Publisher (mkelly@techtarget.com).
their way into—and fit into—enterprise environments that are set in their ways.Traditional backup vendors were a little late to the game in responding tothe new requirements of virtual server architectures. But with some help fromthe hypervisor vendors who are exposing APIs, nearly every backup app vendornow offers hooks specifically designed to back up data from virtual servers.Backup in a virtualized server environment—or even a virtual desktopenvironment—is definitely still a work in progress. But the good news is thatit has already progressed significantly in a relatively short time and while thebackup solutions available today may not be perfect for all use cases, there’senough choice and variety of approaches to serve most needs.But, as we all know, backup is never easy. You’ll probably need to study andtest the available options before you find the right one for you shop. In thisStorage magazine Essential Guide, we provide a crash course in virtual serverbackup, describe the alternatives and offer some best practices for implementinga successful virtual server backup operation. 2Rich Castagna (rcastagna@techtarget.com) is the editorial director of TechTarget’sStorage Media Group.Backup apps forvirtual serversVMware vSphereDedupe technologyHyper-V backupVendor resourcesSTORAGE4Storage Essential Guide to Virtual Server Backup Technologies
Now:Virtualized infrastructure,outdated backup.Next:Modernized backup,any environment.Next-generation backup for virtualization starts now.Virtualization benefits your data center. But your current backup infrastructure simply can’t keep up. Now is thetime to transform your backup environment: improve data protection, increase efficiency, reduce TCO. As theleader in disk-based backup and recovery, EMC lets you backup virtual environments to disk more economicallythan tape. See payback in just 12 months: using up to 98% less storage and 99% less bandwidth, while achievinggreater server utilization and consolidation.Solving today’s backup challenges for VMware starts now with EMC.To learn more download the free white paper: Optimizing Data Protection for Virtualized EnvironmentsNEXT starts now.EMC2, EMC, and where information lives are registered trademarks or trademarks of EMC Corporation in the United States and other countries. Copyright 2010 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved.
Vendor resourcesHyper-V backupVirtualization technology has changed virtual server backupdramatically in the past few years. Here’s a look at yourchoices for backing up virtual server environments. By Eric SiebertTRADITIONAL DATA BACKUP PROCEDURES used with physical servers typicallyconsist of using an operating system (OS) agent running on each serverto be backed up. But virtualization technology changes everything, andintroduces more options and flexibility when backing up your servers.This article will look at how data backup applications that were originallydeveloped to back up physical systems, and how they have adapted tosupport virtual server environments. You’ll also learn about data backupapplications that were developed specifically for virtualization, and additional methods that are available for backing up virtual machines (VMs).Backup apps forvirtual serversVMware vSphereDedupe technologyDATA BACKUP APPLICATIONCHOICES FOR VIRTUALSERVER ENVIRONMENTS6Storage Essential Guide to Virtual Backup Technologies
Dedupe technologyHyper-V backupVendor resourcesSTORAGETRADITIONAL DATA BACKUP METHODSTraditional data backup methods usually operate inside the operatingsystem where a backup device communicates over the network witha backup agent running on the OS to back up the contents of the diskson the server. This method worked well for physical servers, but virtualservers are much different than physical servers. For one thing, theentire contents of a guest operating system on a virtual machine isencapsulated into a single virtualTraditional data backupdisk file located on a host server’sfile system. In addition, a VM mustmethods usually operatecontend for host resources withinside the operating systemmany other VMs and each VM canhave an impact on the performance where a backup deviceof other VMs running on the host.communicates over theAs a result, backing up a VMusing a backup agent runningnetwork with a backup agentinside the OS is not very efficientrunning on the OS to backbecause it increases network anddisk I/O, as well as CPU utilization up the contents of the diskson the host while the backup ison the server.running. This results in fewerresources for the other VMs on that host. Additionally, if multiple backupsare running on the host, the problem will be even worse and can seriouslydegrade the performance of the host.Backup apps forvirtual serversVMware vSphereDATA BACKUP AT THE VIRTUALIZATION LAYER7Backups that use OS agents on VMs must navigate through the virtualization layer to get to the guest operating system layer. A more efficientway of doing backups in virtualization is to perform the backup at thevirtualization layer and never enter the guest operating system. VMwarerecognized this and released its VMware Consolidated Backup (VCB). VCBacted as a proxy server to offload the backups from within the virtualmachine by mounting the virtual disk on the VCB server and then doing animage-level backup of it without involving the host or the virtual machine.This shifted the backup overhead from the VM and the host to the proxyserver instead. While this was a step in the right direction, it required amiddleman between the backup device and the target disk, adding a stepto the process.With the vSphere release, VMware eliminated VCB and the proxy thatwas used, and instead leveraged APIs and software development kits(SDKs) so data backup vendors could directly connect to virtual storagetargets to back up VMs. The new vStorage APIs for Data Protection includethe functionality that was available in VCB and also added new functionality such as Changed Block Tracking (CBT), and the ability to directlyStorage Essential Guide to Virtual Server Backup Technologies
ruoyIssapukcabREPSUemtsysehtas?gnitcetit’s proINTRODUCING Rectiphy ActiveImage Protector .It’s a backup software, sure - but it’s not just any backup software. Rectiphy AIP can recoveryour entire PC from a system crash and restore your data before you even break a sweat. Itruns a lightning-fast (yet utterly reliable) disk imaging of online volumes, including OS andapplications, while the Windows machine is up and running. It’s tailor-made to back up virtual environments.It’s the only backup and recovery software that can hot image and restore your entireWindows Hyper-V host virtual environment without shutting down guest virtual machines.With new ReZoom technology, you’re able to backup and restore as many VMs as you needto, with just one AIP installation on the Hyper-V host - or even ReZoom VMs to host serverswith dissimilar hardware.It’s super-infused with piles of features to make your life easier.It rises to challenging times with customizable licensing plans that are intelligent, adaptableand economical.Advanced, agile, count-on-it backup. It’s about time.The Backup Revolution Will Be Virtualized.www.rectiphy.com sales@rectiphy.com 951-200-5660 41146 Elm St. Suite H, Murrieta, CA 92562Windows and Hyper-V are either registered trademarks or trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the U.S. and/or other countries.ActiveImage Protector and ReZoom are trademarks of Rectiphy Corp. in the U.S. and/or other countries.
Vendor resourcesSTORAGEinteract with the contents of virtual disks. Doing this was much moreefficient and offered more features than using VCB to back up virtualmachines.Backup apps forvirtual serversVMware vSphereDedupe technologyHyper-V backupIMAGE-LEVEL BACKUP9Backing up a virtual machine at the virtualization layer involves backingup the virtual machine disk file (VMDK) that is added to a virtual machine.This is referred to as an image-level backup. This differs from traditionaldata backups that are done inside the OS where files are backed up individually (file-level backup). While itBacking up a virtual machinemay seem more efficient backingup just one large file instead ofat the virtualization layerthousands of smaller files, thisinvolves backing up theis not the case.The reason is that image-levelvirtual machine disk filebackups cannot see inside the(VMDK) that is added tooperating system and are backingup the whole virtual disk. They’rea virtual machine.also backing up empty disk blocksand deleted files. If a virtual machine has a 50 GB virtual disk file andonly 10 GB is in use, 50 GB is backed up with an image-level backup. Withfile-level backups, only the 10 GB in use is backed up. To get around this,backup vendors have gotten creative and rely on technologies like datadeduplication, synthetic backups and empty block recognition that ignoreempty and duplicate blocks as well as blocks that are no longer activewhen files are deleted.You might wonder that if an image-level backup cannot see inside aguest operating system, how can it handle open files and avoid corruptionfrom files that change when the backup occurs. This is done by firstquiescing the VM using a special driver (either VMware Tools or a backupvendor-supplied driver) that runs inside the guest operating system thatmomentarily pauses the running processes on a guest and forces theoperating systems and applications to write any pending data to disk.Once that is complete, a snapshot of the VM is taken at the virtualizationlayer that creates a new temporary virtual disk file (delta) for any newdisk writes that occur on the VM, which prevents the original disk frombeing written to while the backup is running. Once the backup is completed,the temporary virtual disk file is merged back into the original disk file andthe snapshot is deleted.Many data backup application vendors that back up at the virtualizationlayer use deduplication to detect duplicate blocks and ignore them. Theyalso detect empty disk blocks that have not been written to the operatingsystem yet and ignore those as well. Quest Software Inc. (formerlyVizioncore) has taken it a step further and uses a technology calledStorage Essential Guide to Virtual Server Backup Technologies
Vendor resourcesSTORAGEActive Block Mapping (ABM) to recognize disk blocks that once containeddata but no longer do because files were deleted. Normally when a fileis deleted within an operating system, only the pointer to the file is removed while the data still resides on the hard disk.Backup apps forvirtual serversVMware vSphereDedupe technologyHyper-V backupIMAGE-LEVEL BACKUPS AND FILE-LEVEL RESTORES10A common misconception with image-level backups is that you cannotdo incremental backups because you’re only backing up one large file,and if any disk block changes the whole file must be backed up again.With traditional file-level backups, only the files that have changed arebacked up on incremental backups. This is noted by setting a flag calledan archive bit that indicates a file has changed since the last backup.Once the file is backed up, thearchive bit is cleared until itWith an image-level backup,changes again. With an image-levela backup application has tobackup, a backup application hasto keep track of all the blocks thatkeep track of all the blockshave changed since the last backthat have changed since theup so it knows which ones to backup when doing incremental backlast backup so it knowsups. This process can increase thewhich ones to back up whentime of backups because the backdoing incremental backups.up application must calculate ahash for each block, scan the entirevirtual disk and compare it against a hash table to see what has changedsince the last backup. To speed up incremental backups, most backupvendors have taken advantage of the new Changed Block Tracking featureaccessible via the VMware vStorage API for Data Protection. This allowsthe backup application to simply query the VMkernel to find out whichdisk blocks have changed since the last backup, and this greatly speedsup incremental backups.Another common misconception when doing image-level backupsis that you cannot do individual file restores. This is possible, but doingimage-level backups has one drawback: Since you are only backing up thelarge virtual disk file, it changes the way individual file restores are done.Traditional file-level backups simply create a catalog of all the files as theyare backed up, and then that’s used to restore individual files.Image-level backups also have this capability because they simplymount the virtual disk file that is backed up, and look inside the guestoperating system to see the file layout. As a result, individual file restoreswith image-level backups are possible. With file-level backups, individualfile restores are simple. You choose the file to restore from the backupmedia, and the backup server connects to the agent as the target serverlocates the file and copies it back to the original source. With imageStorage Essential Guide to Virtual Server Backup Technologies
Backup apps forvirtual serversVMware vSphereDedupe technologyHyper-V backupVendor resourcesSTORAGE11backups, because there is typically no agent on the target server, it’sslightly different. What happens is the virtual machine disk file from thebackup media is mounted by a restore application that allows the fileto be copied from it to either a local disk or back to the original server.Then, once the file is copied the virtual disk is un-mounted. The processfor individual file restores is different but the end result is the same.While an image-level backup may change the way you do file-levelrestores, it has the advantage of making a bare-metal restore of a VMa simple process. Since the VM is encapsulated into one big file, all youhave to do is copy that file back to a virtual host and you have a complete copy of the server from the point in time of the backup. Anotherbig advantage of this is that virtual machines all have the same type ofvirtual hardware regardless of the underlying physical host hardware.This eliminates any hardware incompatibilities that may occur whenperforming a bare-metal restore to a different host. With traditionalbackups, if you do a bare-metal restore to a different server you have todo a lot of pre- and post-restore steps to make sure hardware drivers,disk partitions and system configurations are all correct for the newhardware.Image-level backups offer some other advantages over traditionalfile-level backups of physical servers. Having the server encapsulated intoone big file makes for easy portability; the virtual disk file can easily becopied to any other storage device. For example, one could easily copy aVM from a host server to another storage device, external hard drive orflash drive for safekeeping. This makes creating ad hoc backups of virtual machines a simple process.TESTING DATA BACKUP RESTORES IN VIRTUAL SERVER ENVIRONMENTSWhile having good data backups is very important, having good databackup restores is even more important. Testing restores with traditional backups of physical servers can be difficult, time-consuming, disruptive and may require extra server hardware. Virtualization can make thisa much simpler process because virtual machines can be restored andisolated on hosts without overwriting and affecting the original virtualmachines. This makes testing a restoration of individual files or wholevirtual machines an easy process, so you can verify that your backupsare working properly.Veeam Software has taken this even further by introducing a newfeature called SureBackup. SureBackup automates the verification ofvirtual machines in a separate environment on a host so data and applications can be verified that they’ll function when restored. Normally, todo this you have to copy the virtual disk files to a host so you can poweron the VM and test it. Veeam figured out a way to avoid these extrasteps by being able to run a VM directly from
ESSENTIAL GUIDE TO INSIDE 6 Applications for virtual server backup 14 vSphere’s upgraded features 20 Dedupe can help virtual server sprawl 24 Hyper-V and VMware backup comparison 28 Channel Spin: VM backup tips Get the lowdown on VMware and Hyper-V backup technologies including how deduplication, enter
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Each NETLAB remote PC or remote server runs inside of a virtual machine. VMware ESXi provides virtual CPU, virtual memory, virtual disk drives, virtual networking interface cards, and other virtual hardware for each virtual machine. ESXi also provides the concept of a virtual networking switch.
1 A virtual server is a service configured to listen on a specific virtual IP. Refer to Section 6, "VIRTUAL SERVERS" for more on configuring a virtual server using the Piranha Configuration Tool. Figure 2.1. A Basic LVS Configuration Service requests arriving at the LVS cluster are addressed to a virtual IP address or VIP. This is
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