AmpFlSTR Identifiler Plus PCR Amplification
USER GUIDEAmpFlSTR Identifiler Plus PCR AmplificationKit User GuidePublication Number 4440211Revision FFor Forensic or Paternity Use Only.
Information in this document is subject to change without notice.DISCLAIMER: LIFE TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION AND/OR ITS AFFILIATE(S) DISCLAIM ALL WARRANTIES WITH RESPECT TO THIS DOCUMENT,EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THOSE OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, OR NONINFRINGEMENT. TO THE EXTENT ALLOWED BY LAW, IN NO EVENT SHALL LIFE TECHNOLOGIES AND/OR ITS AFFILIATE(S) BE LIABLE, WHETHER INCONTRACT, TORT, WARRANTY, OR UNDER ANY STATUTE OR ON ANY OTHER BASIS FOR SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, INDIRECT, PUNITIVE, MULTIPLE ORCONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES IN CONNECTION WITH OR ARISING FROM THIS DOCUMENT, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE USE THEREOF.Important Licensing Information: These products may be covered by one or more Limited Use Label Licenses. By use of these products, you accept the termsand conditions of all applicable Limited Use Label Licenses.TRADEMARKSAll trademarks are the property of Thermo Fisher Scientific and its subsidiaries unless otherwise specified. 2015 Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc. All rights reserved.TaqMan is a registered trademark of Roche Molecular Systems, Inc., used under permission and license.Microsoft and Excel are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation.Adobe, Acrobat, and Reader are registered trademarks of Adobe Systems, Inc.FTA is a registered trademark of Whatman Limited.
ContentsPreface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7Revision history . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7Purpose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7Pull-out chapters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7Chapter 1Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9Product overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10Workflow overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14Instrument and software overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15Materials and equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17Chapter 2PCR Amplification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23PCR work areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24Required user-supplied reagents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25DNA quantification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25Prepare the amplification kit reactions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28Select the appropriate PCR cycle number . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29Perform PCR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30Amplification using bloodstained FTA cards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31Chapter 3Electrophoresis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35Allelic ladder requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36Section 3.1 3100/3100-Avant and 3130/3130xl instruments . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37Set up the 3100/3100-Avant or 3130/3130xl instrument for electrophoresis . . . . . . . . . 37Prepare samples for electrophoresis on the 3100/3100-Avant or3130/3130xl instrument . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38Section 3.2 310 instrument . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39Set up the 310 instrument for electrophoresis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39Prepare samples for electrophoresis on the 310 instrument . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40AmpFlSTR Identifiler Plus User Guide3
ContentsChapter 4Data Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45Section 4.1 GeneMapper ID Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46Overview of GeneMapper ID Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46Set up GeneMapper ID Software for data analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47Analyze and edit sample files with GeneMapper ID Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57Examine and edit a project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58Section 4.2 GeneMapper ID-X Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60Overview of GeneMapper ID-X Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60Set up GeneMapper ID-X Software for data analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61Analyze and edit sample files with GeneMapper ID-X Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73Examine and edit a project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74Chapter 5Experiments and Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78Developmental validation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79Accuracy, precision, and reproducibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82Extra peaks in the electropherogram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90Characterization of loci . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97Species specificity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98Sensitivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100Stability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102Mixture studies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105Population Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111Mutation Rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123Probability of Identity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124Probability of Paternity Exclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125Appendix A Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127Appendix B Safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131Chemical safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132Chemical waste safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134Biological hazard safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135Chemical alerts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1374AmpFlSTR Identifiler Plus User Guide
ContentsDocumentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141Related documentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141How to obtain support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142Limited product warranty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143AmpFlSTR Identifiler Plus User Guide5
Contents6AmpFlSTR Identifiler Plus User Guide
PrefaceRevision historyRevisionDateDescriptionASeptember 2008New document.BSeptember 2010Remove patent numbers.CApril 2011Remove patent numbers.DMarch 2012Update legal information.EAugust 2014Add information about 50-, 100-, and 1000-reactionkit sizes.FFebruary 2015Add information for the ProFlex PCR System.PurposeThe Applied Biosystems AmpFlSTR Identifiler Plus PCR Amplification Kit UserGuide provides information about the Applied Biosystems instruments,chemistries, and software associated with the AmpFlSTR Identifiler Plus PCRAmplification Kit.Pull-out chaptersThis guide is designed to allow users to pull out chapters 2, 3, and 4. The pull-outchapters have title and back pages, which indicate the chapter number and title.AmpFlSTR Identifiler Plus User Guide7
Preface8AmpFlSTR Identifiler Plus User Guide
1OverviewThis chapter covers: Product overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Workflow overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Instrument and software overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Materials and equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17AmpFlSTR Identifiler Plus User Guide9
Chapter 1 OverviewProduct overviewPurposeThe AmpFlSTR Identifiler Plus PCR Amplification Kit is a short tandem repeat(STR) multiplex assay that amplifies 15 tetranucleotide repeat loci and theAmelogenin gender-determining marker in a single PCR amplification: All thirteen of the required loci for the Combined DNA Index System (CODIS)loci are included in this kit for known-offender databasing in the United States(Budowle et al., 1998). Two additional loci, D2S1338 and D19S433, are included. These loci areconsistent with the AmpFlSTR SGM Plus PCR Amplification Kit. The combination of the 15 loci are consistent with several worldwide databaserecommendations.The AmpFlSTR Identifiler Plus Kit delivers a 16-locus multiplex with the samepower of discrimination as, better sensitivity than, and better robustness than theearlier generation of the AmpFlSTR Identifiler Kit. The kit uses modified PCRcycling conditions for enhanced sensitivity, a new buffer formulation to improveperformance with inhibited samples, and an improved process for DNA synthesisand purification of the amplification primers to deliver a much cleanerelectrophoretic background.ProductdescriptionThe AmpFlSTR Identifiler Plus Kit uses the same primer sequences as the earliergeneration AmpFlSTR Identifiler Kit. The AmpFlSTR Identifiler Plus Kitcontains all the necessary reagents for the amplification of human genomic DNA.The reagents are designed for use with the following Applied Biosystems instruments: About the primersApplied Biosystems 3100/3100-Avant Genetic AnalyzerApplied Biosystems 3130/3130xl Genetic AnalyzerApplied Biosystems 310 Genetic AnalyzerGeneAmp PCR System 9700 with the Silver 96-Well BlockGeneAmp PCR System 9700 with the Gold-plated Silver 96-Well BlockVeriti 96-Well Thermal CyclerProFlex PCR SystemThe AmpFlSTR Identifiler Plus Kit employs the latest improvements in primersynthesis and purification techniques to minimize the presence of dye-labeledartifacts. These improvements result in a much cleaner electropherogrambackground that enhances the assay's signal-to-noise ratio and simplifies theinterpretation of results.Non-nucleotide linkers are used in primer synthesis for the following loci: CSF1PO,D13S317, D16S539, D2S1338, and TPOX. For these primers, non-nucleotide linkersare placed between the primers and the fluorescent dye during oligonucleotidesynthesis (Butler, 2005, Grossman et al., 1994, and Baron et al., 1996).Non-nucleotide linkers enable reproducible positioning of the alleles to facilitate10AmpFlSTR Identifiler Plus User Guide
Product overviewinterlocus spacing. The combination of a five-dye fluorescent system and theinclusion of non-nucleotide linkers allows for simultaneous amplification andefficient separation of the 15 STR loci and Amelogenin during automated DNAfragment analysis.Loci amplified bythe kitTable 1The following table shows the loci amplified, their chromosomal locations, and thecorresponding fluorescent marker dyes. The AmpFlSTR Identifiler Plus AllelicLadder is used to genotype the analyzed samples. The alleles contained in the allelicladder, and the genotype of the AmpFlSTR Identifiler Plus Control DNA 9947Aare also listed in the table.AmpFlSTR Identifiler Plus Kit loci and allelesChromosomelocationLocus designationAlleles included in Identifiler PlusAllelic LadderDyelabel6-FAM Control DNA9947A13 ‡D8S117988, 9 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19D21S1121q11.2-q2124, 24.2, 25, 26, 27, 28, 28.2, 29, 29.2, 30,30.2, 31, 31.2, 32, 32.2, 33, 33.2, 34, 34.2,35, 35.2, 36, 37, 3830 §D7S8207q11.21-226, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 1510, 11CSF1PO5q33.3-346, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 1510, 12VIC D3S13583p12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19TH0111p15.54, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 9.3, 10, 11, 13.38, 9.3D13S31713q22-318, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 1511 #D16S53916q24-qter5, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12,13, 14, 1511, 12D2S13382q35-37.115, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25,26, 27, 2819, 23D19S43319q12-13.19, 10, 11, 12, 12.2, 13, 13.2, 14, 14.2, 15,15.2, 16, 16.2, 17, 17.2vWA12p12-pter11,12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22,23, 2417, 18TPOX2p23-2per6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 138 ‡‡D18S5118q21.37, 9, 10, 10.2, 11, 12, 13, 13.2, 14, 14.2, 15,16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 2715, 19AmelogeninX: p22.1-22.3X, YNED PET 14, 1514, 15XY: p11.2D5S8185q21-317, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 1611 §§FGA4q2817, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 26.2,27, 28, 29, 30, 30.2, 31.2, 32.2, 33.2, 42.2,43.2, 44.2, 45.2, 46.2, 47.2, 48.2, 50.2, 51.223, 24‡ For CODIS purposes, profile reported as 13, 13.§ For CODIS purposes, profile reported as 30, 30.# For CODIS purposes, profile reported as 11, 11.‡‡ For CODIS purposes, profile reported as 8, 8.§§ For CODIS purposes, profile reported as 11, 11.AmpFlSTR Identifiler Plus User Guide11
Chapter 1 OverviewAllelic ladderprofileFigure 1 shows the allelic ladder for the AmpFlSTR Identifiler Plus Kit. See “Allelicladder requirements” on page 36 for information on ensuring accurate genotyping.Figure 1 GeneMapper ID-X Software plot of the AmpFlSTR Identifiler PlusKit Allelic Ladder12AmpFlSTR Identifiler Plus User Guide
Product overviewControl DNA9947A profileFigure 2 shows amplification of Control DNA 9947A using the AmpFlSTRIdentifiler Plus Kit.Figure 2 1 ng of Control DNA 9947A amplified with the AmpFlSTR Identifiler Plus Kit and analyzed on the Applied Biosystems 3130xl Genetic AnalyzerAmpFlSTR Identifiler Plus User Guide13
Chapter 1 OverviewPerformPCRExtractDNAWorkflow overviewQuantifyDNAAutoMate Express System PrepFiler Express KitPerformPCRPreparereactionsQuantifiler Duo DNA Quantification KitQuantifiler HP and Trio DNA Quantification KitsAmpFlSTR Identifiler Plus PCR Amplification KitGeneAmp PCR System 9700 Cycler ProFlex PCR SystemVeriti 96-Well Thermal CyclerPerformelectrophoresis3100/3100-AvantGenetic Analyzer3130/3130xlGenetic Analyzer310 GeneticAnalyzerAnalyzedataGeneMapper ID-X or GeneMapper ID Software14AmpFlSTR Identifiler Plus User Guide
Instrument and software overviewInstrument and software overviewThis section provides information about the Data Collection Software versionsrequired to run the AmpFlSTR Identifiler Plus PCR Amplification Kit on specificinstruments.Data CollectionandGeneMapper IDor ID-X SoftwareInstrument andsoftwarecompatibilityThe Data Collection Software provides instructions to firmware running on theinstrument and displays instrument status and raw data in real time. As theinstrument measures sample fluorescence with its detection system, the DataCollection Software collects the data and stores it. The Data Collection Softwarestores information about each sample in a sample file (.fsa), which is then analyzedby the GeneMapper ID or ID-X Software.InstrumentData CollectionSoftwareAnalysis software3500/3500xL3500 SeriesData CollectionSoftware v1.0 orlaterGeneMapper ID-X Softwarev1.2 or later3130/3130xl ‡3.0 or later3100/3100Avant1.1 (3100) GeneMapper IDSoftware v3.2.1and GeneMapper ID-XSoftware v1.0.1 or later1.0 (3100-Avant)2.03103.13.0‡ We conducted validation studies for the AmpFlSTR Identifiler Plus Kit usingthis configuration.AboutmulticomponentanalysisApplied Biosystems fluorescent multi-color dye technology allows the analysis ofmultiple loci, including loci that have alleles with overlapping size ranges. Alleles foroverlapping loci are distinguished by labeling locus-specific primers with differentcolored dyes.Multicomponent analysis is the process that separates the five different fluorescentdye colors into distinct spectral components. The four dyes used in the AmpFlSTR Identifiler Plus PCR Amplification Kit to label samples are 6-FAM , VIC ,NED , and PET dyes. The fifth dye, LIZ dye, is used to label the GeneScan 500LIZ Size Standard.AmpFlSTR Identifiler Plus User Guide15
Chapter 1 OverviewHowmulticomponentanalysis worksEach of these fluorescent dyes emits its maximum fluorescence at a differentwavelength. During data collection on the Applied Biosystems and ABI PRISM instruments, the fluorescence signals are separated by diffraction grating accordingto their wavelengths and projected onto a charge-coupled device (CCD) camera in apredictably spaced pattern. The 6-FAM dye emits at the shortest wavelength and itis displayed as blue, followed by the VIC dye (green), NED dye (yellow), PET dye (red), and LIZ dye (orange).Although each of these dyes emits its maximum fluorescence at a differentwavelength, there is some overlap in the emission spectra between the dyes(Figure 3). The goal of multicomponent analysis is to correct for spectral overlap.DyesNormalized Emission6-FAMVICNED PETLIZ100806040200500550600650700Wavelength (nm)Figure 3Plus Kit16Emission spectra of the five dyes used in the AmpFlSTR Identifiler AmpFlSTR Identifiler Plus User Guide
Materials and equipmentMaterials and equipmentKit contents andstorageThe AmpFlSTR Identifiler Plus PCR Amplification Kit contains materialssufficient to perform 50, 100, 200, or 1000 amplifications at 25 μL reaction volumes.IMPORTANT! The fluorescent dyes attached to the primers are light sensitive.Protect the primer set from light when not in use. Amplified DNA, AmpFlSTR Identifiler Plus Allelic Ladder, and GeneScan 500 LIZ Size Standard should alsobe protected from light. Keep freeze-thaw cycles to a minimum.ComponentDescription50 Volume(A26182)AmpFlSTR Identifiler PlusMaster MixContains enzyme, salts,dNTPs, carrier protein, and0.04% sodium azide.AmpFlSTR Control DNA9947AContains 0.10 ng/µL human 1 tube,female 9947A DNA in 0.05% 0.3 mLsodium azide and buffer ‡.1 tube,0.5 mL100 67)2 tu
10 AmpFlSTR Identifiler Plus User Guide Chapter 1 Overview Product overview Purpose The AmpFlSTR Identifiler Plus PCR Amplification Kit is a short tandem repeat (STR) multiplex assay that amplifies 15 tetranucleotide repe
For Research, Forensic, or Paternity Use Only. Not for use in diagnostic procedures. GlobalFiler and GlobalFiler IQC PCR Amplification Kits USER GUIDE for use with: GlobalFiler PCR Amplification Kit (Cat. No. 4476135 and 4482815) GlobalFiler IQC PCR Ampli
asics of real-time PCR 1 1.1 Introduction 2 1.2 Overview of real-time PCR 3 1.3 Overview of real-time PCR components 4 1.4 Real-time PCR analysis technology 6 1.5 Real-time PCR fluorescence detection systems 10 1.6 Melting curve analysis 14 1.7 Passive reference dyes 15 1.8 Contamination prevention 16 1.9 Multiplex real-time PCR 16 1.10 Internal controls and reference genes 18
The Profiler Plus and Profiler Plus ID Kits contain all the necessary reagents for the amplification of human genomic DNA. The reagents are designed for use with the following Applied Biosystems instruments: Applied Biosystems 3100/3100-Avant Genetic A
2 Brilliant III Ultra-Fast QRT-PCR Master Mix INTRODUCTION Quantitative reverse transcription PCR (QRT-PCR) is a powerful tool for gene expression analysis. The Brilliant III Ultra-Fast QRT-PCR Master Mix was developed for the ABI StepOnePlus and Bio-Rad CFX96 real-time PCR instruments and other fast-cycling systems (such as the ABI 7900HT and
SYBR Green PCR Master Mix and SYBR Green RT-PCR Reagents Kit User Guide 9 1 Product Information Purpose of the Kit The SYBR Green PCR Master Mix is a convenient premix of the components (except primers, template and water) necessary to perform real-time PCR using SYBR Green I Dye. Direct detection
PCR-HS-01W 96 0.1mL, Light Cycler Type, Low Profile White 10 100 Full Skirt PCR-FS-02960.2mL Clear10100 PCR-384-ROC 384 Roche Type,Two Notch Design, A24/P24 Clear 10 100 PCR-384-ROCW 384 Roche Type,Two Notch Design, A24/P24 White 10 100 PCR-384-ABI 384 ABI Type, Single Notch Design, A24 Clear 10 100
Power SYBR Green PCR Master Mix and Power SYBR Green RT-PCR Reagents Kit User Guide 9 1 Product Information Purpose of the Kit The Power SYBR Green PCR Master Mix is a convenient premix of the components (except primers, template, and water) necessary to perform real-time PCR using SYBR Green I dye with enhanced sensitivity and specificity. The SYBR Green dye
Alfredo López Austin TWELVE PEA-FashB-1st_pps.indd 384 5/4/2009 2:45:22 PM. THE MEXICA IN TULA AND TULA IN MEXICO-TENOCHTITLAN 385 destroy ancestral political configurations, which were structured around ethnicity and lineage; on the contrary, it grouped them into larger territorial units, delegating to them specific governmental functions that pertained to a more complex state formation. It .
