NEW BRUNSWICK SCALING MANUAL - Government Of New
NEW BRUNSWICK SCALING MANUAL4th EDITIONJuly 2012ISBN 978-1-55471-376-9Forest Management BranchNatural Resources
New Brunswick Scaling Manual4th EditionTABLE OF CONTENTSACKNOWLEDGEMENT. viiiDEFINITIONS . 1INTRODUCTION . 41. SCALER LICENCING, RESPONSIBILITIES AND ACCOUNTABILITY . 51.1 Proficiency Requirements . 51.2 Scalers Examination. 51.3 Scaler Licensing . 51.4 Scaler Licence Renewal . 61.5 Scaler Duties and Responsibilities . 71.6 Complaints . 81.7 Check Scales . 82. GENERAL PROCEDURES . 102.1 The Scalers Act and Regulation . 102.2 Application of Regulation and Manual Depending on Source of PrimaryForest Products. 102.3 Units of Measure. 102.4 Piling. 132.5 Pile Marking . 142.6 Excessive Defects . 152.7 Rounding Rules . 152.8 Scaling Instruments . 15i
New Brunswick Scaling Manual4th Edition3. SCALING OF PRIMARY FOREST PRODUCTS IN STACKED CUBICMETRES. 163.1 General . 163.2 Measurement and Compilation in Stacked Cubic Metres . 163.3 Deductions – Stacked Cubic Metres . 234. SCALING OF PRIMARY FOREST PRODUCTS IN CUBIC METRES . 284.1 Measurement and Compilation in Cubic Metres . 284.2 Logs . 294.3 Poles, Posts, Pilings and Weirstakes . 294.4 Treelength . 294.5 Deductions – Logs m³ . 304.6 Deductions – Treelength m³ . 335. SCALING OF PRIMARY FOREST PRODUCTS IN MASS . 345.1 General . 345.2 Measurement and Compilation in Mass . 345.3 Measurement Canada. 355.4 Weigh Scale Maintenance and Testing . 355.4.1Visual Inspection . 355.4.2Usage Tests . 365.4.3Section Test . 366. SCALING OF PRIMARY FOREST PRODUCTS IN FBM . 386.1 General . 386.2 Measurement and Compilation in FBM. 386.3 Deductions – FBM . 40ii
New Brunswick Scaling Manual4th Edition7. DEVELOPING VOLUME TABLES AND CONVERSION FACTORS . 517.1 General . 517.2 Smalians Formula . 517.3 Stem Analysis . 527.4 Calculating Rot Deductions . 547.5 Developing Cull Factors. 547.6 Cube Scaling . 557.7 Developing Mass to Volume Conversions . 587.7.1Method I – Stem Analysis . 607.7.2Method II – Log Analysis. 607.7.3Method III – Log / Pulp Sample . 617.7.4Method IV – Piled Sample . 637.7.5Method V – Water Displacement . 637.7.6Method VI – Woodchips . 64iii
New Brunswick Scaling Manual4th EditionAPPENDICIESAppendix AStacked Measure Conversion Factors . 65Appendix BDeduction Table - 2.50 Rough Softwood Pulpwood . 66Appendix CDeduction Table - 2.50 Rough Mixed Hardwood Pulpwood. 67Appendix DDeduction Table - 2.54 Rough Cedar Studwood . 68Appendix EDeduction Table – 1.22 Rough Softwood Pulpwood . 69Appendix FDeduction Table - 2.50 Rough Poplar Pulpwood . 70Appendix GDeduction Table – 1.22 Rough Mixed Hardwood Pulpwood . 71Appendix HDeduction Table - 2.54 Rough Studwood, Lathwood . 72Appendix IDeduction Table – 1.92 Rough Cedar Studwood . 73Appendix JDeduction Table – 2.60 Rough Softwood Veneer . 74Appendix KDeduction Table – 2.60 Rough Poplar Veneer . 75Appendix LNew Brunswick Softwood Cubic Metre Log Scale. 76Appendix MNew Brunswick Hardwood Cubic Metre Log Scale . 77Appendix NVolume of Deductions for a Defect for New Brunswick CubicMetre Log Scale . 78Appendix OWeir Stakes and Spruce, Tamarack, Jack Pine, Red Pine Poles,Posts And Piling Volume Table . 79Appendix PCedar Poles and Posts Volume Table. 80Appendix QNew Brunswick Log Scale – FBM . 81Appendix RLimits of Error for Scaling Instruments . 82Appendix SSoftwood Bark Thickness Table . 83Appendix THardwood and Poplar Bark Thickness Table . 84Appendix URule of Thumb for Determining the Board Foot Content for LogsNB Log Scale . 85iv
New Brunswick Scaling Manual4th EditionFIGURESFigure 1Regular height of stack . 17Figure 2Irregular height of stack . 17Figure 3Length of stack with one sloping end. 19Figure 4Length of stack with both ends sloping . 19Figure 5Length of stack measured at points that define the maximumlength. 20Figure 6Height of stack parallel to slope of ground . 20Figure 7Length of stack (on ground) on slope . 21Figure 8Height of stack with total length . 21Figure 9Height of stack with length estimated at less than total . 22Figure 10Geometric centre . 28Figure 11Volume impact of sweep . 31Figure 12Rot showing on one end of log . 31Figure 13Rot showing on both ends of log . 32Figure 14Determining log dimensions – FBM . 39Figure 15Consistent scale stick measurements . 39Figure 16Mean diameter . 40Figure 17Logging scar lying outside the scaling cylinder . 41Figure 18Blocking out butt or top rot . 43Figure 19Heart or center rot extending full length of log. 43Figure 20Shake . 44Figure 21Heart or star shake . 44Figure 22Patchy rot . 45v
New Brunswick Scaling Manual4th EditionFigure 23Scars and seams . 46Figure 24Spiral seam . 46Figure 25Scar at butt . 47Figure 26Saprot . 47Figure 27Barber chair and bucking split . 48Figure 28Sweep percentage deductions . 49Figure 29Crook . 50Figure 30Crotch or forked top . 50Figure 31Stem analysis sections . 53Figure 32Taper measurement . 56Figure 33Log analysis sections . 61vi
New Brunswick Scaling Manual4th EditionTABLESTable 1Sample Frequencies. 58Table 2Sample Ranges . 59vii
New Brunswick Scaling Manual4th EditionACKNOWLEDGEMENTSeveral figures in this manual were reproduced with the permission of CanadianStandards Association from CSA 0302.1-09/0302.2-09 – Scaling roundwood/Measurement of wood chips, tree residues, and by-products which is copyrightedby CSA, 5060 Spectrum Way, Mississauga ON, L4W 5N6 Canada. While use of thismaterial has been authorized, CSA shall not be responsible for the manner in which theinformation is presented, nor for any interpretations thereof. For more information onCSA or to purchase standards, please visit our website at www.shopcsa.ca or call1-800-463-6727.viii
New Brunswick Scaling Manual4th EditionDEFINITIONSThe following definitions apply to this manual:accuracymeans the degree to which individual measurements are inagreement with an accepted reference value when taken undersimilar conditions;Actmeans the Scalers Act;Boardmeans the Board of Examiners appointed under the Scalers Act;bolt(s)means any primary forest product equal to or shorter than the2.60 m class;check scalemeans a scale conducted by the Department which is used as astandard for assessing the performance of a licensed scaler;check scalermeans a Department employee, designated to perform checkscales;Chief Scalermeans a Department employee who oversees provincialadministration of regulated scaling and sits as a member of theBoard;contractmeans a contract entered into between a Producer Association anda forest industry with respect to the purchase of primary forestproducts. This contract includes scaling arrangements;Crown landsmeans all or any part of the lands vested in the Crown that areunder the administration and control of the Minister and includesany water upon or under the surface of such lands;Departmentmeans the Department of Natural Resources;endorsementmeans a designation within a scalers licence number whichdenotes the specific method(s) of measure for which the scaler islicensed to perform;foreign materialmeans any material extraneous to primary forest products such asearth, ice, snow and branches, any of which add mass to a load ofprimary forest products;licenseemeans the holder of a Crown timber licence and includes theholders executors, administrators, successors, heirs and assigns;1
New Brunswick Scaling Manual4th Editionmarketingmeans buying, selling or offering for sale, and includes advertising,financing, assembling, storing, packing, shipping and transportingin any manner;massmeans the property of a body that is a measure of its inertia andthat is commonly taken as a measure of the amount of material thatit contains and that causes it to have weight in a gravitational field;Ministermeans the Minister of Natural Resources;moisturecontentmeans the mass of water in wood expressed as a percentage of itstotal mass;operating planmeans a plan proposed by the licensee and approved by theDepartment which documents activities to be undertaken on thelicence on an annual basis. This plan includes scalingarrangements;ovendrymeans a condition in which the wood has ceased to lose moistureafter being subjected to a temperature of 103 2 C in a ventilatedoven, for the purposes of determining moisture content;pieceincludes logs, poles, tree lengths, posts or pilings and weir stakes;precisionmeans the degree of similarity among a series of measurementstaken under similar conditions;primary forestproductsany unmanufactured product of forest trees of hardwood orsoftwood species, as well as wood chips and biomass produced ator on the harvest site;ProducerAssociationincludes marketing boards, co-operatives and otherassociations established for the marketing of primary forestproducts;RegionalInspectormeans a Department employee who oversees regional matters ofregulated scaling under the direction of the Chief Scaler;regulationmeans the General Regulation – Scalers Act;regulatedscalingmeans scaling of primary forest products harvested from Crownlands or scaling of primary forest products which are marketedthrough a Producer Association under a contract;rough woodstacked roundwood that has not been debarked aside from loss ofbark due to normal harvesting, processing and trucking operations;2
New Brunswick Scaling Manual4th Editionscalemeans to measure primary forest products;scaler(s)means any person licensed by the Minister to scale primary forestproducts;scalingarrangementsmeans a document which provides terms of scaling andconversions that will be applied in transactions between twoparties. These arrangements must provide adequate detail for theDepartment to conduct random check scales and investigatecomplaints, when necessary;smallest topdiametermeans the smallest diameter, inside bark, which can be measuredthrough the geometric centre at the top end of a log, pole, post,piling or weir stake;smallest buttdiametermeans the smallest diameter, inside bark, which can be measuredthrough the geometric centre at the butt end of a treelength;TransportationCertificatemeans a document which contains details for a load of primaryforest products in transit and which is required to be possessed,produced or delivered under the Transportation of Primary ForestProducts Act;treelengthmeans a felled merchantable tree that has been processed toremove limbs and top;wood processing means a mill in which primary forest products arefacilitymanufactured into secondary wood products.3
New Brunswick Scaling Manual4th EditionINTRODUCTIONThis manual has been developed for use by Scalers in the Province of New Brunswick.The content is based on requirements set forth in the Scaling Act, Ch
NEW BRUNSWICK SCALING MANUAL . 4. th EDITION . July 2012 Forest Man
Tom Loughlin . City of New Brunswick . Eric Morrell . Attorney at Law . Christopher Paladino . New Brunswick Development Corporation . C. Rasujimma Paris . New Brunswick Resident . George Barrood . George W. Barrood, PA . Vinnie Brand . The Stress Factory . Chris Butler . Office of the Mayor . Anthony Caputo . New Brunswick Police Department .
Measurement and Scaling Techniques Measurement In Research In our daily life we are said to measure when we use some yardstick to determine weight, height, or some other feature of a physical object. We also measure when we judge how well we like a song, a File Size: 216KBPage Count: 23Explore further(PDF) Measurement and Scaling Techniques in Research .www.researchgate.netMeasurement & Scaling Techniques PDF Level Of .www.scribd.comMeasurement and Scaling Techniqueswww.slideshare.netMeasurement and scaling techniques - SlideSharewww.slideshare.netMeasurement & scaling ,Research methodologywww.slideshare.netRecommended to you b
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