Science Notebook Earth Science: Geology, The Environment .
Earth ScienceGeology, the Environment,and the UniverseConsultantDouglas Fisher, Ph.D.
About the ConsultantDouglas Fisher, Ph.D., is a Professor in the Department of TeacherEducation at San Diego State University. He is the recipient of an International Reading Association Celebrate Literacy Award as well as a ChristaMcAuliffe award for Excellence in Teacher Education. He has publishednumerous articles on reading and literacy, differentiated instruction, andcurriculum design as well as books, such as Improving Adolescent Literacy:Strategies at Work and Responsive Curriculum Design in Secondary Schools:Meeting the Diverse Needs of Students. He has taught a variety of courses inSDSU’s teacher credentialing program as well as graduate-level courses onEnglish language development and literacy. He also has taught classes inEnglish, writing, and literacy development to secondary school students.Copyright by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Permission is granted to reproduce thematerial contained herein on the condition that such material be reproduced only for classroom use; be providedto students, teachers, and families without charge; and be used solely in conjunction with Earth Science:Geology, the Environment, and the Universe. Any other reproduction, for use or sale, is prohibited without priorwritten permission of the publisher.Send all inquiries to:Glencoe/McGraw-Hill8787 Orion PlaceColumbus, Ohio 43240-4027ISBN 0-07-872830-4Printed in the United States of America1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 04708 07 06
Using YourScience Notebook .vNote-Taking Tips .viiChapter 1 Preview .1Chapter 9 Preview .89Section 1-1 .2Section 1-2 .5Section 1-3 .8Chapter 1 Wrap-Up .12Chapter 10 Preview.101Chapter 2 Preview .13Section 2-1 .14Section 2-2 .17Section 2-3 .20Chapter 2 Wrap-Up .24Chapter 3 Preview .25Section 3-1 .26Section 3-2 .29Section 3-3 .32Chapter 3 Wrap-Up .36Copyright Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.Chapter 4 Preview .37Section 4-1 .38Section 4-2 .41Chapter 4 Wrap-Up .44Section 9-1 .90Section 9-2 .93Section 9-3 .96Chapter 9 Wrap-Up.100Section 10-1.102Section 10-2.105Section 10-3.108Chapter 10 Wrap-Up .112Chapter 11 Preview.113Section 11-1.114Section 11-2.117Section 11-3.120Chapter 11 Wrap-Up .124Chapter 12 Preview.125Section 12-1.126Section 12-2.129Section 12-3.132Section 12-4.135Chapter 12 Wrap-Up .138Chapter 13 Preview.139Section 5-1 .46Section 5-2 .49Chapter 5 Wrap-Up .52Section 13-1.140Section 13-2.143Section 13-3.146Section 13-4.149Chapter 13 Wrap-Up .152Chapter 6 Preview .53Chapter 14 Preview.153Section 6-1 .54Section 6-2 .57Section 6-3 .60Chapter 6 Wrap-Up .64Section 14-1.154Section 14-2.157Section 14-3.160Section 14-4.163Chapter 14 Wrap-Up .166Chapter 5 Preview .45Chapter 7 Preview .65Section 7-1 .66Section 7-2 .69Section 7-3 .72Chapter 7 Wrap-Up .76Chapter 8 Preview .77Section 8-1 .78Section 8-2 .81Section 8-3 .84Chapter 8 Wrap-Up .88Chapter 15 Preview.167Section 15-1.168Section 15-2.171Section 15-3.174Chapter 15 Wrap-Up .178Chapter 16 Preview.179Section 16-1.180Section 16-2.183Chapter 16 Wrap-Up .186Earth Science: Geology, the Environment, and the Universeiii
Section 17-1.188Section 17-2.191Section 17-3.194Section 17-4.197Chapter 17 Wrap-Up .200Chapter 18 Preview.201Section 18-1.202Section 18-2.205Section 18-3.208Chapter 18 Wrap-Up .212Chapter 19 Preview.213Section 19-1.214Section 19-2.217Section 19-3.220Section 19-4.223Chapter 19 Wrap-Up .226Chapter 20 Preview.227Section 20-1.228Section 20-2.231Section 20-3.234Chapter 20 Wrap-Up .238Chapter 21 Preview.239Section 21-1.240Section 21-2.243Section 21-3.246Section 21-4.249Chapter 21 Wrap-Up .252Chapter 22 Preview.253Section 22-1.254Section 22-2.257Section 22-3.260Section 22-4.263Chapter 22 Wrap-Up .266Chapter 23 Preview.267Section 23-1.268Section 23-2.271Section 23-3.275Chapter 23 Wrap-Up .278Chapter 24 Preview.279Section 24-1.280Section 24-2.283Section 24-3.286ivTable of ContentsSection 24-4.289Chapter 24 Wrap-Up .292Chapter 25 Preview.293Section 25-1.294Section 25-2.297Section 25-3.300Section 25-4.303Chapter 25 Wrap-Up .306Chapter 26 Preview.307Section 26-1.308Section 26-2.311Section 26-3.314Chapter 26 Wrap-Up .318Chapter 27 Preview.319Section 27-1.320Section 27-2.323Section 27-3.326Section 27-4.329Chapter 27 Wrap-Up .332Chapter 28 Preview.333Section 28-1.334Section 28-2.337Section 28-3.340Chapter 28 Wrap-Up .344Chapter 29 Preview.345Section 29-1.346Section 29-2.349Section 29-3.352Section 29-4.355Chapter 29 Wrap-Up .358Chapter 30 Preview.359Section 30-1.360Section 30-2.364Section 30-3.367Chapter 30 Wrap-Up .370Chapter 31 Preview.371Section 31-1.372Section 31-2.375Section 31-3.378Chapter 31 Wrap-Up .382Copyright Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.Chapter 17 Preview.187
Using Your Science NotebookThis note-taking guide is designed tohelp you succeed in learning sciencecontent. Each chapter includes:DateNameActivit yVolcanic wto list” columnhat I Know e questions youuse the “Wthrer,ttelisapenchn.ees. Thu read thut” columt volcanoBefore yoto Find Oow about I Wantgs you knthe “W hathree thinlcanoes inWvotound Outhave abant to FiWhat I WKowWhat I Kn.le entries 1.PrevieChapterNote takingtools based on theCornell Note-TakingSystem.reasonabcept all1. Ac2.2.3.3.K-W-L Chartshelp you assess what youalready know about aconcept and identify whatyou would like tofind out.rd yourand recoovementmagma mto modelddiuyobscover y Laout the Dibeaker.nal.Think abtered theience jourhen it enin this scd water wresponsell rise.the coloreefore witoertheddenanwhat happld waterDescribean the cournalScience Joe thless denswater isThe hotce?rth’s surfaneath Eamagma beriment.the expet water ine the hoht this beEarth likofHow migcerfato the suma risesHot magppens towhat hasimilar toter at thee hot waased thu had relesurface ofthe colded if yo.e furtherd not risp. It coulat the toyadrewas alcause itmoved benot haveIt wouldActivityVolcanicve happent would haCopyright Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.Infer whawater.201NameDateVolcanic ActivitySection 18.1 MagmaMain IdeaScience Journalshelp you assesswhat you have learnedin the Discovery Lab.DetailsScan Section 1 of your text. Use the checklist below as a guide. Read all section titles. Read all bold words. Read all tables and graphs. Look at all the pictures and read their captions. Think about what you already know about volcanoes.Write three facts you discovered about magma.1. Student answers may vary. Accept all reasonable answers.2.3.ReviewVocabularymagmaUse the text to define the following term.a mixture of molten rock, suspended mineral grains, anddissolved gases deep beneath Earth’s crustNewVocabularyVocabularyhelps you understandinformation better.viscosityUse the text to define the following term.Viscosity is the internal resistance to flow.Show your understanding of the word by writing a definition ofyour own.Student answers will vary. Possible answer: Viscosity ismeasure of how easily a liquid flows.AcademicVocabularyfactorDefine the following term.any of the circumstances or conditions that bring about a result;element that makes a thing what it is202Section 18.1 MagmaEarth Science: Geology, the Environment, and the Universev
DateNamema18.1 MagSectioned)(continuDetailsMain IdeamaHow Mag sFormUse withpage 472.List threefactors that af fect thea.n of magmfor matioperature1. temessure2. prtableterate in theble. Indicorlete the taincreaseng point-1 to compand meltiFigure 18e,euryzalessAnrature, prs.peontemitindPointwhetherof the coMelting bitefor eachturedecreaseof Wet AlTemperaPressurecreases3. waIncreasesIncreasesWriting activitieshelp you understand theinformation being presentedand make connectionsbetween the concepts andthe real-world.DeIncreasinglowDepth BeIncreasesrfaceeasesEarth’s Sus DecrDecreaseingascreDelowDepth Be rfacerockEarth’s Suof a wetlting pointeen the meount ofsame amnship betwthetiorladereblethea possirock unIllustratethe samed markingy piece ofometer anand a drg a thermltinglower meck.by sketchinck has apressuretype of rorotcheaweee forte that thtemperaturld indicaart shouStudenty rock.an the drpoint th-aintion, explg expedioil-drillin.eer on an 18.1 in your textthe engintivitylcanic AcSection 18.2 IntrusiveActivityMain Idea203SillGraphic Organizershelp you summarizeinformation in avisual format. is a fewcentimetersto hundreds ofmeters thick is parallel to therocks it intrudesPlutons andTectonicsUse with page 478.DateVolcanic ActivityChapter Wrap-UpIn the “What I Wanted to Find Out” column, copy the questions youlisted in the Chapter Preview. In the “What I Learned” column, writedown the answers you discovered as you worked through the chapter.KWhat I Wanted to Find OutWWhat I LearnedDetailsCompare a sill and adike. Place each characteristic below in theVenn diagram to showwhether it is a characteristic of a sill, a dike,or both. cuts across preexistingrocks is parallel to the rocksit intrudes is a few centimetersto hundreds of metersthick many are coarse grained is a few centimetersto several meters wide is a plutonVoNameDate(continued)BothDike is a pluton many arecoarse grained is a fewcentimeters toseveral meterswide cuts acrosspreexistingrocksSequence the four stepsinvolved in forming batholiths frommountain-building processes. The first step has beencompleted for you.Two continental platesconverge,forcing continental crustinto the mantle.ORTwo oceanic plates converge andone plate is subductedinto the mantle.The crust or plate meltsinto magma.Magma intrudes intooverlying rocks.The magma cols to formbatholiths.Volcanic Activity1. Accept all reasonable entries. 1.Review2.2.3.3.Use this checklist to help you study.Study your Science Notebook for this chapter.Study the definitions of vocabulary words.Review daily homework assignments.Reread the chapter and review the tables, graphs, andillustrations.Review the Section Assessment questions at the end ofeach section.Look over the Study Guide at the end of the chapter.S UM M ARIZEAfter reading this chapter, list three things you have learnedabout volcanic activity.Student answers will vary. Accept all reasonable answers.212viChapter Wrap-UpUsing Your Science NotebookThe Chapter Wrap-Uphelps you assesswhat you have learned inthe chapter and preparefor chapter tests.207Copyright Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.toe graphale on thh suchof the she a grapg pointmight usthe meltinuphow youklooI wouldanswer:Possibleoil.h of thethe deptatetimesSNamereIZ E If you weree in FiguY N T H ESas the on
Note-Taking TipsYour notes are a reminder of what you learned in class. Taking goodnotes can help you succeed in science. The following tips will help youtake better classroom notes.Copyright Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Before class, ask what your teacher will be discussing in class. Reviewmentally what you already know about the concept. Be an active listener. Focus on what your teacher is saying. Listenfor important concepts. Pay attention to words, examples, and/ordiagrams you teacher emphasizes. Write your notes as clear and concise as possible. The followingsymbols and abbreviations may be helpful in your note-taking.Word orPhrasefor exampleSymbol orAbbreviatione.g.Word orPhraseandSymbol orAbbreviation such asi.e.approximately withw/therefore withoutw/oversusvs Use a symbol such as a star ( ) or an asterisk (*) to emphasis important concepts. Place a question mark (?) next to anything that you donot understand. Ask questions and participate in class discussion. Draw and label pictures or diagrams to help clarify a concept. When working out an example, write what you are doing to solve theproblem next to each step. Be sure to use your own words. Review you notes as soon as possible after class. During this time,organize and summarize new concepts and clarify misunderstandings.Note-Taking Don’ts Don’t write every word. Concentrate on the main ideas and concepts.Don’t use someone else’s notes as they may not make sense.Don’t doodle. It distracts you from listening actively.Don’t lose focus or you will become lost in your note-taking.Earth Science: Geology, the Environment, and the Universevii
NameDateThe Nature of ScienceChapter PreviewBefore you read the chapter, use the “What I Know” column to listthree things you know about science. Then list three questions youhave about science in the “What I Want to Find Out” column.KWhat I KnowWWhat I Want to Find Out1.1.2.2.3.3.Science JournalDescribe at least three ways people use Earth science. You may find examples in the news, inthe chapter, or think of examples in daily life.The Nature of Science1
NameDateThe Nature of ScienceSection 1.1 Earth ScienceMain IdeaDetailsSkim Section 1 of your text. Write three questions that come tomind from reading the headings and the illustration captions.1.2.3.NewVocabularyUse your text to define each ademicVocabularyinteract2Section 1.1 Earth ScienceDefine the following term.
NameDateSection 1.1 Earth ScienceMain IdeaThe Scope ofEarth Science(continued)DetailsOrganize information about the topics each kind of scientiststudies in the table below.Use with pages 6–7.Type of ScientistTopics erClassify the subspecialties of Earth Science by writing them underthe appropriate areas of specialization. Use Table 1-1 to help you.You may write a subspecialty more than once.Earth nographyAstronomyecologyIdentify two recent events from the news that would be of interestto an Earth scientist, state what kind of scientist they would mostinterest, and classify the events under the appropriate subspecialtieslisted above.The Nature of Science3
NameDateSection 1.1 Earth ScienceMain IdeaEarth’s SystemsUse with pages 8–9.Earth Sciencein YourEveryday LifeUse with page 10.(continued)DetailsDraw a diagram to help you understand and remember Earth’s fourmain systems. Label each system.List something from each of Earth’s systems that humans use.Lithosphere:Hydrosphere:Atmosphere:Biosphere:S YNTHESIZEIdentify one way that humans have changed each of e:Biosphere:4Section 1.1 Earth Science
NameDateThe Nature of ScienceSection 1.2 Methods of ScientistsMain IdeaDetailsSkim Section 2. Using what you already know and what you learnfrom skimming the section, describe how scientists use mathematics intheir work.NewVocabularyUse your text t
Earth Science: Geology, the Environment, and the Universev 202 Section 18.1 Magma Name Date magma viscosity factor Volcanic Activity Section 18.1 Magma Scan S
GEOLOGY . is a Branch of Natural science deals with the study of the Earth, It is also known as Earth science. For studying the Earth in detail the subject of geology has been divided into various branches, which are as follows: 1. Mineralogy 2. Petrology 3. Structural geology 4. Civil Engineering geology 5. Mining geology 6. Economic geology 7.
1 An Introduction to Geology 2 11. Geology: The Science of Earth 4 Physical and Historical Geology 4 Geology, People, and the Environment 5 21. The Development of Geology 6 Catastrophism 6 The Birth of Modern Geology 6 Geology Today 7 The Magnitude of Geologic Time 8 31. The nature of Scientific Inquiry 9 Hypothesis 10 Theory 10 Scientific .
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Earth science includes many subdivisions of geology such as geochemistry, geophysics, geobiology and paleontology, as well as oceanography, meteorology, and astronomy. Units 1 through 4 focus on the science of geology, a word that means "study of Earth." Geology is divided into two broad areas—physical geology and historical geology.
BU - B.Sc Geology- 2019-20 onwards - colleges Page 5 of 45 BHARATHIAR UNIVERSITY COIMBATORE 641 046 B.Sc., GEOLOGY I YEAR - I SEMESTER PAPER I-PHYSICALGEOLOGY Broad Objectives & Methodology: Geology is the study of the Earth as a whole. Physical Geology introduces different topics which define geology as a branch of Physical Geology.
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Essentials of Geology Frederick K. Lutgens Edward J. Tarbuck Illinois Central College Illustrated by Dennis Tasa Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458. Contents Preface xi 1 An Introduction to Geology The Science of Geology 2 Historical Notes about Geology 2 Catastrophism 3 The Birth of Modern Geology 3 Geologic Time 4 The Nature .
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