Engine Oil Specifications - Infineum Insight
Performance you can rely on.Engine oil specificationsInfineumInsight.com/Learn1 2018InfineumInternationalLimited.All RightsReserved.208012. 20172018InfineumInternationalLimited.All RightsReserved.2018012.2017160.Performance you can rely on.Outline Main drivers for specifications Industry committees and responsibilities Specification overview - heavy duty diesel and passenger car engine oils API Engine Oil Licensing and Certification System (EOLCS) ACC code of practice European specification system2 2018 Infineum International Limited. All Rights Reserved. 2018012.
Performance you can rely on.Oil and additive industry value chainProduct ement flowNew rsNew hardware requireshigher quality oilLubricantsupplyIndustrycommitteesNew paniesNew additives3LubricantsalechannelsVehicleownersNew oils 2018 Infineum International Limited. All Rights Reserved. 2018012.Performance you can rely on.Organisations classifying engine performance Industry associations––––API American Petroleum InstituteILSAC International Lubricant Standardization and Approval CommitteeACEA European Automobile Manufacturers AssociationJASO Japanese Standard Organization Vehicle or Original Engine Manufacturers (OEMs), such as:–––––4General Motors (GM)Volkswagen (VW)DaimlerVolvoScania 2018 Infineum International Limited. All Rights Reserved. 2018012.
Performance you can rely on.Industry trade organizations and responsibilities(North America)How to ensure oils are compatiblewith engine hardware advances? Have oils meet specificationsHow to assist customers inchoosing quality oils? Have system for licensingand certificationHow to maintain quality oflubricant development process? Outline acceptable practices5 2018 Infineum International Limited. All Rights Reserved. 2018012.Performance you can rely on.Industry trade organizations and ropeJapanEngine builders(passenger car)AAM, JAMAACEAJAMAEngine builders(commercial)EMAACEAJAMAOil marketersbase oil suppliersAPIATIELJASOAdditive companiesAPI, ACCATCSpecificationsAPI, ILSACACEAJASOTest proceduresASTMCECJASOApprovalsAPI 2018 Infineum International Limited. All Rights Reserved. 2018012.
Performance you can rely on.Engine tests are the basis of specificationsBench onDiminishing ability to demonstrate REAL performanceIncreasing cost and time to develop/acquire data Developed by individual OEMs or industry groups to target specific performanceparameters of concern Assessed relative to reference oil of known field performance Development should consider:– parts availability and quality– test conditions and duration– parameters of interest and pass/fail limits– qualification of test facilities Monitored continually by industry Specifications derived from compilation of engine tests and limits7 2018 Infineum International Limited. All Rights Reserved. 2018012.Performance you can rely on.Heavy-duty specifications8 20172018 Infineum International Limited. All Rights Reserved. 2017160.2018012.
Performance you can rely on.API diesel specificationsAPI CategoryStatusAPI recommendationsIntroduced in 2016To meet 2017 model year on-highway exhaust emission standardsSulfur content up to 500 ppm (0.05% by weight)CK-4Current 15 ppm (0.0015% by weight) may impact exhaust aftertreatmentsystem durability and/or drain interval (Consult enginemanufacturer)Effective at sustaining durability of emission control system(particulate filters and other advanced aftertreatment systems)Can be used in CH-4, CI-4, CI-4 , CJ-4 applicationsIntroduced in 2006To meet 2010 model year on-highway exhaust emission standardsCJ-4Sulfur content up to 500 ppm (0.05% by weight)Current 15 ppm (0.0015% by weight) may impact exhaust aftertreatmentsystem durability and/or drain interval (Consult enginemanufacturer)Can be used in CF-4, CG-4, CH-4, CI-4, CI-4 applications9 2018 Infineum International Limited. All Rights Reserved. 2018012.Performance you can rely on.API diesel specificationsAPI CategoryStatusAPI recommendationsIntroduced in 2002To meet 2004 exhaust emission standards (implemented in 2002)CI-4CurrentFor engines with EGR using up to 0.5% sulfur in fuelCan be used in CD, CE, CF-4, CG-4 and CH-4 applicationsSome may qualify for CI-4 designationIntroduced in 1998CH-4CurrentTo meet 1998 exhaust emission standardsUp to 0.5% sulfur in fuelCan be used in CD, CE, CF-4 and CG-4 applicationsCA, CB, CC, CD,CD-II*, CE, CF,CF-2*, CF-4, CG-4Obsolete* Specifications for two-stroke diesel engines10 2018 Infineum International Limited. All Rights Reserved. 2018012.Not recommended for modern diesel engines
Performance you can rely on.API CJ-4: overview API CJ-4 developed as a result of changes in North American emissionsregulation:– ten-fold reduction in NOx and particulate matter vs. October 2002 limits– exhaust after treatment (DPF, SCR) required for virtually all engines, and onhighway diesel sulfur reduced from 500 ppm to 15 ppm API CJ-4 specification highlights:– imposes chemical limits to reduce emissions and prevent interference withemission control systems: Phosphorus 0.12%(m) Sulfur 0.4%(m) SASH (sulfated ash) 1.0%(m)– introduced four (4) new tests to ensure adequate protection of new technology API licensing started October 15, 200611 2018 Infineum International Limited. All Rights Reserved. 2018012.Performance you can rely on.API CK-4 & FA-4: Oxidation & Fuel Economy New fuel economy and greenhouse gas rulesbegan phased implementation in 2014 with fulleffect in 2018– Reduce CO2 by 270 million tons and save530 million barrels of oil At the June 2011 ASTM meeting, the EMA issueda formal request for a new API performancecategory to help meet these new regulations Areas requested for improvement versus API CJ-4–––––Shear stabilityOxidationAerationBio-diesel compatibility (eventually dropped)New lower viscosity oils to help deliver fuel economy performance API first license date was December 1, 201612 2018 Infineum International Limited. All Rights Reserved. 2018012.
Performance you can rely on.API CK-4 & FA-4: Why 2 API oil categories?PC-11AAPICK-4PC-11BAPI FA-4More Robust API CJ-4Recommended by all OEMsFull backward compatibilitySAE xW-30 and xW-40HTHSV 3.5 mPa sAPI CK-4, ACEA ERobust CJ-4 at lower viscositySome OEM’s opted outNot backward serviceableSAE xW-30HTHSV: 2.9 – 3.2 mPa sAPI FA-4, New ACEA FAPI CK-4 has the same durability requirements as API FA-4 to minimize risksassociated with the new lower viscosity fuel economy gradesThis image cannot currently be display ed.Note: Upper left hemisphere canbe any contrasting color.13 2018 Infineum International Limited. All Rights Reserved. 2018012.Performance you can rely on.API CK-4 & FA-4: Test requirementsNewLegacy Tests Combination of New and Carry forward tests from API CJ-4TestPerformance ParametersCaterpillar C13Piston Deposits, Oil ConsumptionFuel Sulfur15 ppmCaterpillar 1NAluminum Piston Deposits, Oil Consumption500 ppmCummins ISBValve Train Wear15 ppmCummins ISMValve Train Wear, Filter Plugging, Sludge500 ppmRoller Follower Wear TestRoller Follower Pin Wear500 ppmMack T-11Soot Induced Viscosity Increase500 ppmMack T-11ASooted Oil Low Temperature Pumpability500 ppmMack T-12Ring/Liner Wear parameters onlyKurt Orbhan 90 cycleShear Stability Bench TestVolvo T-13Oxidation15 ppmCaterpillar C13 Oil Aeration Test(COAT)Oil Aeration15 ppm15 ppmNo Fuel Used Add OM 501LA, OM 646LA and Volvo D12D (or their replacements),and the DD13 Scuff test for OEM specifications14 2018 Infineum International Limited. All Rights Reserved. 2018012.
Performance you can rely on.OEM heavy-duty diesel specifications (1)OEMCaterpillarDetroit Diesel15SpecificationBase IndustrySpecificationDifferencesECF-1-aCH-4 Caterpillar 1P; SASH restrictionsECF-2CI-4/CI-4 PLUS Caterpillar C13; SASH restrictionsECF-3CJ-4NoneDFS 93K215CH-4 Mitsubishi 4D34T4; - Mack T-9; Mack T-10; OM501LADFS 93K214CI-4 PLUS OM501LADFS 93K218CJ-4 OM501LA; OM646LADFS 93K222CK-4 OM501LA; OM646LA; DD13 ScuffDFS 93K223FA-4 OM501LA; OM646LA; DD13 Scuff 2018 Infineum International Limited. All Rights Reserved. 2018012.Performance you can rely on.OEM heavy-duty diesel specifications (2)OEMSpecificationBase IndustrySpecificationDifferencesEO-NCI-4Enhanced Mack T-10, T-8E, CumminsM11-EGR & Seq. IIIF requirementsEO-N PremiumPlus ‘03CI-4 PLUSEnhanced Mack T-11, T-10, Cummins M11EGR & Seq. IIIF requirementsEO-O PremiumPlusCJ-4Enhanced Cummins ISM, ISB & Mack T-12performance; Volvo D12D; Seq. IIIGEOS-4.5CK-4Enhanced Cummins ISM, ISB, Mack T-12& Volvo T-13 performance; Volvo D12DMack16 2018 Infineum International Limited. All Rights Reserved. 2018012.
Performance you can rely on.OEM heavy-duty diesel specifications (3)OEMSpecificationBase IndustrySpecificationDifferencesCES 20078CI-4PLUS Seq. IIIF wear; Mitsubishi 4D34T4; min TBNCES 20081CJ-4Enhanced Cummins ISM, ISB & Mack T-12performanceCES 20086CK-4Enhanced Cummins ISM, ISB, Mack T-12& Volvo T-13 performanceCES 20087FA-4Enhanced Cummins ISM, ISB, Mack T-12& Volvo T-13 performanceCummins17 2018 Infineum International Limited. All Rights Reserved. 2018012.Performance you can rely on.Passenger car engine oilsspecifications18 20172018 Infineum International Limited. All Rights Reserved. 2017160.2018012.
Performance you can rely on.API and ILSAC gasoline uced in October 2010 for 2011 and older vehicles, designed to provide improved high temperaturedeposit protection for pistons and turbochargers, more stringent sludge control, improved fuel economy,enhanced emission control system compatibility, seal compatibility and protection of engines operating onethanol containing fuels up to E85.ObsoleteUse GF-5 where GF-4, GF-3, GF-2 or GF-1 is recommended.GF-4, GF-3,GF-2, GF-1ILSAC Service RecommendationsAPI CategoryStatusAPI RecommendationsSN, SN withResourceConservingCurrentFor 2011 and older vehicles, designed to provide improved high temperature deposit protection for pistons,more stringent sludge control and seal compatibility. API SN with Resource Conserving matches ILSACGF-5 by combining API SN performance with improved fuel economy, turbocharger protection, emissioncontrol system compatibility and protection of engines operating on ethanol containing fuels up to E85.SMCurrentFor 2010 and older automotive engines.SLCurrentFor 2004 and older automotive engines.SJCurrentFor 2001 and older automotive engines.ObsoleteNot recommended for modern gasoline engines.SH, SG, SF,SE, SD, SC,SB, SA19 2018 Infineum International Limited. All Rights Reserved. 2018012.Performance you can rely on.ILSACWhat is ILSAC? International Lubricant Standardization and Approval Committee A committee consisting of major US vehicle manufacturers and JAMAformed in 1992 Chrysler, General Motors (GM), and Ford Honda, Isuzu, Mazda, Mitsubishi, Nissan, Subaru, and ToyotaWhat does ILSAC do? Sets complimentary specs to API passenger car specs to include fuelefficiency and catalyst protection Goes beyond ‘engine protection’ which is the basis for the API specs– Protects the catalyst system and adds a fuel efficiency measurement During update of ILSAC specifications the previous specification is onlyvalid during a one year transition period– API specification become obsolete when no longer requiredor the tests are unavailable20 2018 Infineum International Limited. All Rights Reserved. 2018012.
Performance you can rely on.API SN, SN-RC and ILSAC GF-5 overview API SN designed to have:– Improved deposits control– Stringent sludge control– Seals compatibility API SN-RC (Resource Conserving) and ILSAC GF-5 provide additionalbenefits, assisting OEMs in meeting regulatory requirements and providingadditional benefits to the end-user:– Improved fuel economy (Corporate Average Fuel Economy Requirements, CAFE)– Emissions system protection (minimum limit on phosphorus retention)– Turbocharger protection– Engine protection for fuels containing up to 85%(m) ethanol (E85) Same engine test requirements as for API SN-RC In practice, ILSAC GF-5 finds application only to grades favorable to fueleconomy:– e.g. 0W-20, 0W-30, 5W-20, 5W-30, 10W-3021 2018 Infineum International Limited. All Rights Reserved. 2018012.Performance you can rely on.API SN & ILSAC GF-5Phosphorus and Sulfur limitsILSAC GF-5 has equal or tighter chemical requirements than the API SN categorydepending on viscosity gradeILSAC GF-50W-XX, 5W-XX,10W-XXOthers0.060.080.060.080.06-0.5 (0W-XX, 5W-XX)0.6 (10W-30)0.50.6 (10W-30)-SAE Grades, ifspecifiedPhosphorus, %mMin.Max.Sulfur , %mMax.22API SN0W-16, 5W-16,0W-20, 5W-20,0W-30, 5W-30,10W-30 2018 Infineum International Limited. All Rights Reserved. 2018012.
Performance you can rely on.Engine tests for API SN, SN-RC and ILSAC GF-5TestPerformance ParametersSequence IIIG orSequence IIIHPiston deposits and oxidation controlSequence IIIGA orROBO#Viscosity of aged oil(only required for certain viscosity grades)Sequence IIIGB* orSequence IIIHB*Phosphorus retentionSequence IVAWear controlSequence VGSludge and varnish controlSequence VIIIBearing corrosion resistanceSequence VID*Fuel economy*Sequence VID and Sequence IIIGB/IIIHB required only for API SN-RC/ILSAC GF-5# ROBO Test (Romaszewski Oil Bench Oxidation test).23 2018 Infineum International Limited. All Rights Reserved. 2018012.Performance you can rely on.API SN PLUS, SN PLUS - RC Request from 10 automakers to come up with a supplemental standard tothe current API SN gasoline engine oil spec to address low-speed preignition (LSPI) problem in turbocharged direct injection gasoline engines. On November 9, 2017, API Lubricants Standards Group approved theadoption of SN PLUS. Addition of Sequence IX (Ford LSPI) test to API SN is the only directchange to specification. Oils satisfying API SN PLUS, SN PLUS – RC can also effectivelylubricate engines calling for API SN, SN-RC or ILSAC GF-524 2018 Infineum International Limited. All Rights Reserved. 2018012.
Performance you can rely on.API SN PLUS, SN PLUS – RC engine testsTestPerformance ParametersSequence IIIG orSequence IIIHPiston deposits and oxidation controlSequence IIIGA orROBO#Viscosity of aged oil(only required for certain viscosity grades)Sequence IIIGB* orSequence IIIHB*Phosphorus retentionSequence IVAWear controlSequence VGSludge and varnish controlSequence VIIIBearing corrosion resistanceSequence VID*Fuel economySequence IXLow speed pre-ignition*Sequence VID and Sequence IIIGB/IIIHB required only for API SN PLUS - RC# ROBO Test (Romaszewski Oil Bench Oxidation test).25 2018 Infineum International Limited. All Rights Reserved. 2018012.Performance you can rely on.OEM PCMO specifications26OEMSpecificationBase industryspecificationKey differencesChryslerMS-6395TGF-5Enhanced elastomers; Las Vegas field trialFordWSSM2C945A/6AGF-5GMdexos1 GF-5Enhanced Seq. IIIG, VG performance;- Seq. IVA; TU3; TU5; M271SL; M111FE; GM OP1; GM Aeration; OPEL RNTHonda/AcuraHTO-06GF-5 Hot Tube Test 2018 Infineum International Limited. All Rights Reserved. 2018012.
Performance you can rely on.Engine Oil Licensing and CertificationSystem (EOLCS) Voluntary licensing and certificationprogram Designed to define, certify, and monitorengine oil performance Assist customers in identifying productsby licensing two (2) marks: Ensure compliance by auditing– Verifying physical and chemicalproperties of oil with licensing data on fileat API– Subjecting a randomized, limited numberof products to engine and bench testing– World-wide remit27 2018 Infineum International Limited. All Rights Reserved. 2018012.Performance you can rely on.Comparison of licensing marksAPI Service Symbol‘donut’API S service categories for cars, vans, andlight trucks with gasoline enginesAPI C commercial category for heavy‐dutytrucks and vehicles with diesel engines28 2018 Infineum International Limited. All Rights Reserved. 2018012.API Certification Mark‘starburst’Current ILSAC performance level
Performance you can rely on.EOLCS licensing All engine tests must be conducted per the American Chemistry Council(ACC) code of practice– Marketer is ultimately responsible for product performance, however they mayutilize the following guidelines in lieu of engine testing, when appropriate (fullyexplained in API 1509 document):– API Base Oil Interchange (BOI)– API Viscosity Grade Read-Across (VGRA) Marketer must disclose:– physical and chemical properties– bench test data– product traceability code Marketer must agree to monitoring and enforcement procedures Each viscosity grade and brand requires an individual license29 2018 Infineum International Limited. All Rights Reserved. 2018012.Performance you can rely on.ACC code of practice: what is it? Officially called the ACC ‘Petroleum Additives Product Approval Code ofPractice’ ACC is the American Chemistry Council, which is involved in a widespectrum of activity affecting the chemical industry in North America For our purposes, the ACC represents the North American lube additiveindustry It’s code of practice is a minimum standard covering lubricant additivevalidation and reporting Maintains consistent quality of the lubricant development process throughguidelines for program management Code does not . . .– Establish needs or develop tests; set limits; deal with labeling or licensing;after market testing30 2018 Infineum International Limited. All Rights Reserved. 2018012.
Performance you can rely on.ACC code of practice: main features Engine Testing:– Test stands are calibrated, referenced & monitored with ASTM Test MonitoringCentre (TMC)– Scheduled tests are pre-registered with monitoring agency (TMC) and canonly be run in stands meeting acceptance criteria– Scheduled tests can be placed at a laboratory of choice, but test stands arerandomly assigned– Test results are severity adjusted then judged against criteria for averagingresults known as MTEP (multiple test evaluation procedures) Additive package formulation– Minor formulation modifications are controlled against allowed limits andcriteria (16 detailed sets of guidelines in Appendix H and I of the ACC code) Presentation of results– Results are communicated to customer via a Candidate Data Package (CDP) Compliance - Annual internal and external audits31 2018 Infineum International Limited. All Rights Reserved. 2018012.Performance you can rely on.Base Oil Interchange (BOI) guidelines(API 1509) Developed to improve efficiency while maintaining confidence in engineoil performance when interchanging base stocks Based on engine test data demonstrating that base stock changes withina defined range have no significant impact on the tests/parameters ofinterest May be quite simple (i.e. no restriction among API groups) or subject tonumerous criteria on saturates, sulfur content, viscosity index (VI) andbase oil viscosity (BOV)32 2018 Infineum International Limited. All Rights Reserved. 2018012.
Performance you can rely on.BOI example – Seq. IVA33 2018 Infineum International Limited. All Rights Reserved. 2018012.Performance you can rely on.Viscosity Grade Read-Across (VGRA) guidelines(API 1509) Similar to BOI, developed to improve efficiency General principles of VGRA include read-across from most difficult to lessdifficult viscosity grades– From high viscosity modifier (VM) treat to low VM treat– From high volatility base stock to low volatility base stocks34 2018 Infineum International Limited. All Rights Reserved. 2018012.
Performance you can rely on.VGRA Example – Seq. IVA35 2018 Infineum International Limited. All Rights Reserved. 2018012.Performance you can rely on.
API CJ-4 developed as a result of changes in North American emissions regulation: – ten-fold reduction in NOx and particulate matter vs. October 2002 limits – exhaust after treatment (DPF, SCR) required for virtually all engines, and on-highway diesel sulfur reduced from 500 ppm to 15 ppm API CJ-4 specification highlights:
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The Aircraft Engine Design Project Fundamentals of Engine Cycles Ken Gould Spring 2009 Phil Weed 1. g GE Aviation Technical History GE Aircraft Engines U.S. jet engine U.S. turboprop engine Vibl tt iVariable stator engine Mach 2 fighter engine Mach 3 bomber engine High bypass engine
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