Guide To Integrating Renewable Energy In Federal
Guide to Integrating Renewable Energy inFederal ConstructionAssessing Renewable Energy OptionsRenewable Energy Project FundingPlanning, Programming,& BudgetingBuilding DesignProject ConstructionCommissioningOperations& MaintenanceDeveloped by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Federal Energy Management Program (FEMP), the “Guide to IntegratingRenewable Energy into Federal Construction” helps Federal agencies understand renewable energy options, select appropriate typesof renewable energy technologies, and integrate these technologies into all phases of new construction or major renovation projects.This PDF is a printed version of the online guide. This guide is structured to address renewable energy considerations at each stage ofthe construction process.
Guide to Integrating Renewable Energy inFederal ConstructionEERE » Federal Energy Management Program » Guide to Integrating Renewable Energy in Federal Construction » HomeHome. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3Building Design. 69Design Team. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4Design Team Charrette. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75Renewable Energy Benefits. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5– Effective Design Strategies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76Federal Requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6Preliminary Design (15%). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79Lead by Example. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13Schematic Design (35%). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80Whole Building Design Approach. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15Design Development (65%). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83Technology Resources. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 9Construction Documents (100%). . . . . . . . . . . . . 85Assessing Renewable Energy Options. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20Design-Build Project Delivery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87Preliminary Screening. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23Project Construction. . . 90Screening. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29Project Construction Team. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92Agency-Wide Screening. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32Timing & Expectations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94Feasibility Study. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33Policies for Renewable Electricity Use. . . . . . . . . 35Engineering, Procurement, &Construction Contracts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97Planning, Programming, & Budgeting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39Commissioning. 99Planning. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40Commissioning Team. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .102– First Look at Options. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42Specifications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .103– Planning Team. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43Process. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104Programming. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45Measurement & Verification. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107– Energy Design Requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47Operations & Maintenance. 109Budgeting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49Manual. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112– Estimating Costs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52Operations & Maintenance Team. . . . . . . . . . . . 114– Life-Cycle Cost Analysis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55Training. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116– Phasing Implementation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57Major Renovations. 119Project Funding. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58Renovation Types. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121Energy Savings PerformanceContracts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61Special Buildings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123Power Purchase Agreements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63Training. . . 125Utility Energy Service Contracts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65Outreach. 127Renewable Energy Certificates. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .66Resources. 130Acknowledgements. . . 132Contacts. 1332
Guide to Integrating Renewable Energy inFederal ConstructionEERE » Federal Energy Management Program » Guide to Integrating Renewable Energy in Federal Construction » HomeHomeIntroductionAssessing Renewable Energy OptionsPlanning, Programming, &BudgetingProject FundingBuilding DesignProject ConstructionCommissioningDeveloped by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Federal Energy Management Program(FEMP), the “Guide to Integrating Renewable Energy into Federal Construction” helps Federalagencies understand renewable energy options, select appropriate types of renewable energytechnologies, and integrate these technologies into all phases of new construction or majorrenovation projects.To reduce costs and increase options, renewable energy should be considered from the verybeginning of a construction project as well as at every stage of the project process from planningto operation.Depicted in the chart below, this guide is structured to address renewable energy considerationsat each stage of the construction process.Operations & MaintenanceMajor RenovationsTrainingOutreachAssessing Renewable Energy OptionsRenewable Energy Project FundingPlanning, Programming,& BudgetingBuilding DesignProject ConstructionCommissioningOperations& logy pages, containing details on each renewable energy technology, including design,cost, life-cycle, and other key issues, are available for this guide through the whole buildingdesign guide.This guide also provides introductory information on why Federal agencies should considerrenewable energy, specific guidance on major renovations, and guidance and resources fortraining and outreach for projects that use renewable energy.Content Last Updated: 7/18/20123
Guide to Integrating Renewable Energy inFederal ConstructionEERE » Federal Energy Management Program » Guide to Integrating Renewable Energy in Federal Construction » IntroductionHomeIntroductionRenewable Energy BenefitsFederal RequirementsLead by ExampleIntroduction to Integrating Renewable Energy into FederalConstructionThe introduction to this guide outlines key topics that led to the development of the Guide toIntegrating Renewable Energy into Federal Construction. It discusses: Benefits of Renewable Energy Use: Renewable energy technologies have wide rangingbenefits, including economic development and job creation, national security, price stabilityand environmental improvement. Meeting Federal Renewable Energy Requirements: A range of legislation and executiveorders have stipulated wide-ranging renewable energy requirements and goals that apply tonew construction and major renovation projects. Currently, for example, all Federal agenciesare required to meet a portion of their energy needs with renewable energy. Integration ofrenewables into these projects can help agencies comply with all the requirements. Leading By Example: The Federal government is the nation’s largest energy consumer.Operating more than 500,000 facilities comprising of more than 3 billion square feet, thegovernment spends approximately 7 billion annually on energy for these facilities. As such,the Federal government has a tremendous opportunity and clear responsibility to leadby example in adopting sustainable practices to help transform the market. The BuildingsEnergy Data Book outlines energy use across the Federal sector. Whole Building Project Approach: The principles of a whole-building design approachare incorporated throughout this guide, including communication between disciplines andintegrated design. All systems within a building are viewed as interrelated. In the sameway, renewable energy should be viewed as a secondary technology to energy efficiency.The first approach to energy should be to reduce energy use where possible followed bylooking for opportunities to produce the remaining energy needed with renewable energytechnologies. Renewable Energy Certificates: Renewable energy can be sold as two distinct products:the actual energy produced from a renewable energy project and the “renewable energycertificate” (REC) which puts a value on the environmental benefits, such as reducedemissions, from the project. To meet Federal renewable energy requirements, agenciescan purchase RECs through the market or they can keep or trade RECs associated with anon-site renewable energy project. Technology Resources: To complement the guide, resource pages were specificallydeveloped for each qualifying renewable energy technology. These technology resourcepages contain specific details on each renewable energy technology, including design, cost,life-cycle, and other key issues.Whole Building Design ApproachTechnology ResourcesAssessing Renewable Energy OptionsPlanning, Programming, &BudgetingProject FundingBuilding DesignProject ConstructionCommissioningOperations & MaintenanceMajor tsContactsContent Last Updated: 7/18/20124
Guide to Integrating Renewable Energy inFederal ConstructionEERE » Federal Energy Management Program » Guide to Integrating Renewable Energy in Federal Construction » Introduction » Renewable Energy BenefitsHomeIntroductionRenewable Energy BenefitsFederal RequirementsLead by ExampleWhole Building Design ApproachTechnology ResourcesAssessing Renewable Energy OptionsPlanning, Programming, &BudgetingProject FundingBuilding DesignProject ConstructionCommissioningOperations & MaintenanceMajor RenovationsTrainingOutreachRenewable Energy BenefitsRenewable energy generates a range of benefits at the local, state, regional, national, and globallevels. It uses natural resources, reduces greenhouse gas emissions, reduces U.S. dependenceon foreign energy sources, and increases Federal energy security by minimizing Federal facilitydependence on a vulnerable electricity grid. Renewable energy can also furnish long-term pricestability as they rarely depend on costly fuel sources.The environmental benefits of renewable energy technologies are extensive. For example, if arenewable energy system were installed on a typical 10,000-square foot office building to offsetall electricity use (e.g., heating and cooling), avoided carbon emissions would roughly equal thecombustion of more than 300,000 gallons of gasoline over a 25-year system life.Renewable energy also supports economic development through job growth. The U.S. Treasuryreports that, in the first 18 months of the renewable energy tax grant program that started in2009, the manufacture and construction of solar projects that received funds under the programsupported approximately 20,000 U.S. jobs in the solar industry alone.The cost of renewable energy technologies continues to decrease. At the same time,performance continues to increase. Technologies that were once limited to niche applicationsare now often competitive with traditional energy sources.The Federal government has an opportunity to transform markets by integrating renewableenergy into sustainable building design and construction projects. More information on theseopportunities is available in the Federal leading by example section.ResourcesAcknowledgementsContactsContent Last Updated: 7/17/20125
Guide to Integrating Renewable Energy inFederal ConstructionEERE » Federal Energy Management Program » Guide to Integrating Renewable Energy in Federal Construction » Introduction » Federal RequirementsHomeIntroductionRenewable Energy BenefitsFederal RequirementsLead by ExampleMeeting Federal Renewable Energy RequirementsThe way renewable energy is counted toward Federal requirements influences how renewableenergy should be treated in new construction and major renovation projects. It is importantto have a fundamental understanding of Federal energy and environmental requirements, andthe role of renewable energy in meeting successful compliance. This section details Federalrenewable energy requirements and how renewable energy is credited.Whole Building Design ApproachTechnology ResourcesAssessing Renewable Energy OptionsPlanning, Programming, &BudgetingProject FundingBuilding DesignProject ConstructionCommissioningOperations & MaintenanceMajor RenovationsTraining Energy Policy Act of 2005 Executive Order 13423 Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 Executive Order 13514 Goal Summary Notice of Proposed Rulemaking: Energy Efficiency and Sustainable Design Standards forNew Federal Buildings Notice of Proposed Rulemaking: Fossil Fuel Generated Energy Consumption Reduction forNew Federal Buildings and Major RenovationsThe following content is intended as reference only. It is recommended that Federal agenciesrefer to the full text of each law or executive order for more details. Links to these laws andexecutive orders are provided below.OutreachResourcesRenewable Energy Working GroupAcknowledgementsTo help Federal agencies decipher the complexities of renewable energy requirements,FEMP created renewable energy guidance on EPAct 2005 and E.O. 13423 issues. This guidance was developed in conjunction with the Renewable Energy Working Group (REWG).Created to provide a forum for Federal agencies and renewable energy industry expertsto exchange ideas and information on renewable energy, the REWG is also charged withdeveloping guidance on Federal renewable energy requirements.ContactsThe REWG includes more than 100 Federal agency representatives, DOE programs, and therenewable energy industry members.EPAct 2005 Section 203 defines “renewable energy” as electric energy generated fromsolar, wind, biomass, landfill gas, ocean (including tidal, wave, current, and thermal),geothermal, municipal solid waste, or new hydroelectric generation capacity achievedfrom increased efficiency or additions of new capacity at an existing hydroelectric project.According to FEMP’s Renewable Energy Guidance, hydrokinetic (or run of the river) alsoqualifies.6
Guide to Integrating Renewable Energy inFederal ConstructionEERE » Federal Energy Management Program » Guide to Integrating Renewable Energy in Federal Construction » Introduction » Federal RequirementsHomeIntroductionRenewable Energy BenefitsFederal RequirementsLead by ExampleEnergy Policy Act of 2005Section 203 of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (EPACT 2005) requires the following amounts oftotal electricity consumed by the Federal government be supplied by renewable energy so longas it is economically feasible and technically practicable: Not less than 3% in fiscal years (FY) 2007 to 2009Whole Building Design Approach Not less than 5% in FY 2010 to 2012Technology Resources Not less than 7.5% in FY 2013 and thereafter.Assessing Renewable Energy OptionsPlanning, Programming, &BudgetingProject FundingBuilding DesignProject ConstructionCommissioningOperations & MaintenanceMajor tsContactsFor renewable energy to comply with the provisions of EPAct 2005, the purchase of renewableenergy must be separate from normal energy purchases. Renewable energy that is part of theexisting mix of electricity supplied by the local utility or that is used to meet state renewableportfolios standards does not count towards this goal.In addition to EPAct 2005 requirements, some agencies have set higher standards. For example,the Department of Defense (DOD) National Defense Reauthorization Act of 2007 (revisedin 2010) sets the goal that DOD must produce or procure of 25% of facility energy use fromrenewable resources by 2025. The Bureau of Land Management (BLM) has a production goal of10,000 MW by 2015. EPAct 2005 and individual agency goals must be considered throughout allphases of new construction and major renovation projects for the renewable energy technologiesbeing integrated to maximize credit agencies receive under various requirements.Bonus ProvisionIt is important to note that EPAct 2005 has a bonus provision that allows Federal agencies todouble count renewable energy if it is produced on site or on Federal or Native American landand used at a Federal facility. Biomass generation on Federal or Native American lands qualifieseven in cases when fuel supply comes from other locations. The bonus provision applies toelectric projects only and for new projects placed in service after January 1, 1999. It is importantto note that to “use” renewable energy, in compliance with the law, means the agency mustconsume renewable energy to count it toward the goal.Renewable electricity is not considered used if it is simply produced on a Federal site and soldinto the utility grid without being connected to a Federal facility and offsetting some of its powerrequirements. The renewable energy certificates (RECs) for the power must be retained or tradedfor other RECs to meet the bonus provision.It is important to note that EPAct 2005 is a goal that affects everyone. It only counts electricgeneration and agencies must use the renewable energy, not just have someone produce it onagency land. EPAct 2005 Section 203PDF defines renewable energy goals for the Federal sectorin detail.Executive Order 13423Executive Order (E.O.) 13423 reinforces Federal renewable goals. Specifically, the order mandatesthat at least half of renewable energy used by the Federal government must come from new7
Guide to Integrating Renewable Energy inFederal ConstructionEERE » Federal Energy Management Program » Guide to Integrating Renewable Energy in Federal Construction » Introduction » Federal RequirementsHomeIntroductionRenewable Energy BenefitsFederal RequirementsLead by ExampleWhole Building Design ApproachTechnology Resourcesrenewable sources (in service after January 1, 1999). Systems that are rebuilt, refurbished, ormodified significantly at 80% or greater of original costs are considered “new.”Non-electric renewable resources (e.g., solar water heating, mechanical, daylighting, etc.) canbe used to meet this requirement, but the entire EPAct 2005 goal must be met with renewableelectricity. Thermal includes solar water heating, solar ventilation pre-heat, ground source heatpumps, biomass heating/cooling, ocean or geothermal thermal. Mechanical includes pumpsdriven by wind or qualifying hydroelectric.Maximizing CreditsAssessing Renewable Energy OptionsPlanning, Programming, &BudgetingProject FundingWhile EPAct 2005 and E.O. 13423 are separate and contain their own set of requirements, the twodo overlap. For example, new electric capacity counts toward both EPAct 2005 and E.O. 13423.New non-electric capacity counts toward E.O. 13423, but does not count toward EP
Jul 18, 2012 · Renewable Energy Certificates: Renewable energy can be sold as two distinct products: the actual energy produced from a renewable energy project and the “renewable energy certificate” (REC) which puts a value on the environmental benefits, such as reduced emissions, from the project. To meet Federal
renewable resources (renewable energy) and sets the FiT rate. The DLs will pay for renewable energy supplied to the electricity grid for a specific duration. By guaranteeing access to the grid and setting a favourable price per unit of renewable energy, the FiT mechanism would ensure that renewable energy becomes a viable and sound long-term
4.0 Renewable Energy Market 4.1 Policy Framework for renewable energy 4.1.1 Policies and Strategies for Renewable Energy Promotion 4.1.2 Main actors 4.1.3 Regulatory Framework 4.1.4 Licensing Procedures for Renewable Energy 4.1.5 Feed-in-Tariff 4.2 Business Opportunities and Potentials of Renewable Energy Sources 4.2.1 Bioenergy 4.2.2 Solar energy
The EU's renewable energy policy framework 5 - 9 Renewable energy support schemes 10 - 12 Renewable energy within the EU's rural development policy framework 13 - 17 Audit scope and approach 18 - 22 Observations 23 - 82 The EU's renewable energy policy framework could better exploit the opportunities of renewable energy deployment in .
1. FOUNDATIONS OF RENEWABLE ENERGY TARGETS 14 1.1 Overview of renewable energy targets at the global level 14 1.2. Brief history of renewable energy targets 17 1.3. Key aspects and definition of renewable energy targets 22 1.4. Theoretical foundations of targets 28 2. MAIN FUNCTIONS AND BASIS FOR RENEWABLE ENERGY TARGETS 31 2.1.
renewable energy sources. The Government has set a very ambitious target of adding 175 GW of renewable energy by 20226. While this is a recent policy announcement, it would be pertinent to highlight the progress of renewable energy sources over the last two decades. The following graph depicts the journey of renewable energy
NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC. Renewable Energy Certificate (REC) Tracking Systems: Costs & Verification Issues . Jenny Heeter, Renewable Energy Analyst . National Renewable Energy Laboratory . October 11, 2013
Renewable Energy Group and Phillips 66 have proposed the Green Apple Renewable Fuels, LLC (Green Apple) joint venture to produce renewable fuels near Ferndale, Washington. The projected nameplate capacity for the Green Apple Renewable Fuels facility is 250 MMGY of renewable fuel products. Green Apple is designed to be a multi-feedstock
Araling Panlipunan . ang ikalawang sangay ng heograpiya – ang heograpiyang pantao na tumutukoy sa pag-aaral ng wika, lahi, relihiyon, at pangkat-etnolingguwistiko sa iba’t ibang bahagi ng daigdig. Ang mga paksa na nakapaloob sa modyul na ito ay sistematikong inayos upang mas madaling maunawaan ang daloy ng iyong pag-aaral. May mga angkop na gawaing inihanda para sa iyo upang maging .
