Energy Perspectives For Germany And Europe: A Researcher’s .

Prof. h.c. Dr.-Ing. Joachim Knebel Head of DivisionEnergy Perspectives for Germany and Europe:A Researcher’s ViewPolytechnique Montreal, Montreal Canada, December 10, 2014Prof. h.c. Dr.-Ing. Joachim U. Knebel, Head of Division ‚Mechanical Engineering and Electrical edia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/51/KarlsruherSchloss Front Panorama.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount Royal#mediaviewer/File:Mount Royal Montreal Lookout.jpgKIT – University of the State of Baden-Wuerttemberg andNational Research Center of the Helmholtz Associationwww.kit.eduEnergy Perspectives for Germany and Europe:A Researcher’s ViewPolytechnique Montreal, Montreal Canada, December 10, 2014Reprint and dissemination of this contributionis only permitted with written approval ofKarlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)and citation of the author.Sending of the reprint to the author isrequested.The spoken work is valid only.309.12.2014Joachim Knebel - Energiewende - Polytechnique Montreal CanadaKIT – University of the State of Baden-Wuerttemberg andNational Laboratory of the Helmholtz AssociationJoachim Knebel - Head of Division 3

Prof. h.c. Dr.-Ing. Joachim Knebel Head of DivisionContentIntroduction to KITGerman Energy Turnaround (‘Deutsche Energiewende’)Research into Storage, Efficiency, Renewables, Fission / FusionEuropean Energy PerspectivesGermany: Land of Traditions, Land of Progress, Land of Ideas!409.12.2014Joachim Knebel - Energiewende - Polytechnique Montreal CanadaJoachim Knebel - Head of Division 3ContentIntroduction to KITGerman Energy Turnaround (‘Deutsche Energiewende’)Research into Storage, Efficiency, Renewables, Fission / FusionEuropean Energy PerspectivesSince 1825Since 1956509.12.2014Joachim Knebel - Energiewende - Polytechnique Montreal CanadaKIT – University of the State of Baden-Wuerttemberg andNational Laboratory of the Helmholtz AssociationJoachim Knebel - Head of Division 3

Prof. h.c. Dr.-Ing. Joachim Knebel Head of DivisionKIT – One Institution, Two Missions, Three TasksMission of a state university with research and higher education.Mission of a national research institution of the HelmholtzAssociation with program oriented provident research.Three Tasks: Research - Higher Education - Innovation.609.12.2014Joachim Knebel - Energiewende - Polytechnique Montreal CanadaKIT – Helmholtz Research Centreand State UniversityJoachim Knebel - Head of Division 3KIT Campus SouthKIT Campus NorthKIT Campus EastEmergency Housing forRefugiesHelmholtz Institute UlmKIT Campus Alpine809.12.2014Joachim Knebel - Energiewende - Polytechnique Montreal CanadaKIT – University of the State of Baden-Wuerttemberg andNational Laboratory of the Helmholtz AssociationJoachim Knebel - Head of Division 3

Prof. h.c. Dr.-Ing. Joachim Knebel Head of DivisionKIT in Figures9,439 24,500Employees373ProfessorsStudents785Annual Budget in MillionEuros909.12.2014Joachim Knebel - Energiewende - Polytechnique Montreal CanadaJoachim Knebel - Head of Division 3KIT is Research, Higher Education and InnovationResearchFrom fundamental questions to specificapplications in energy, environment,future technologies and society.Higher EducationResearch oriented teaching in astimulating environment for the elitesof tomorrow.InnovationNew products, processes and services toshape the future of our society.1109.12.2014Joachim Knebel - Energiewende - Polytechnique Montreal CanadaKIT – University of the State of Baden-Wuerttemberg andNational Laboratory of the Helmholtz AssociationJoachim Knebel - Head of Division 3

Prof. h.c. Dr.-Ing. Joachim Knebel Head of DivisionContentIntroduction to KITGerman Energy Turnaround (‘Deutsche Energiewende’)Research into Storage, Efficiency, Renewables, Fission / FusionEuropean Energy tml1409.12.2014Joachim Knebel - Energiewende - Polytechnique Montreal CanadaJoachim Knebel - Head of Division 3Germany’s New Energy PolicyThe transition to a new energy era demands courage, resolve andperseverance.Five corner tasks:Development of renewable energies must be synchronised with theexpansion and upgrading of the power grids.Need of fossil-fired power plants in the future to guarantee a reliableenergy supply.Commitment to the cost-effective development of renewables.Increase of energy efficiency primarily through incentives, rather thanregulatory law and mandatory measures.Support and advancement of energy research and thereby emergingtechnologies.1509.12.2014Joachim Knebel - Energiewende - Polytechnique Montreal CanadaKIT – University of the State of Baden-Wuerttemberg andNational Laboratory of the Helmholtz AssociationJoachim Knebel - Head of Division 3

Prof. h.c. Dr.-Ing. Joachim Knebel Head of DivisionGermany’s New Energy PolicyGermany will develop to one of the most energy-efficient andenvironmentally friendly economies worldwide.Restructuring of the energy system required to allow the transition to aNew Energy Era (‘Energiewende’).Introduction of a long-term Energy Concept (September 2010).80% cut of green-house gas emissions by 2050 compared to 1990.Renewables to supply the bulk of German energy in the future.50% reduction of primary energy consumption by 2050.Final energy consumption in the transport sector to be reduced by 40%in 2050 compared to 2005.2.1% annual increase in energy productivity relative to final energyconsumption.Adoption of a comprehensive legislative package, known asEnergy Package (Summer 2011).1609.12.2014Joachim Knebel - Energiewende - Polytechnique Montreal CanadaJoachim Knebel - Head of Division 3Germany’s New Energy PolicyGermany will develop to one of the most energy-efficient andenvironmentally friendly economies worldwide.Adoption of a comprehensive legislative package, known asEnergy Package (Summer 2011).Act to restructure the Legal Framework for the Promotion ofElectricity Generation from Renewable Energy Sources (EEG).Act on Measures to Accelerate the Expansion of the Electricity Grid(NABEG).Act to Restructure Provisions of the Energy Industry Act (EnWGAndG).Act Amending the Act to Establish a Special Energy and Climate Fund(EKFG-ÄndG).Fourth Ordinance amending the Ordinance on the Award of Public-sectorContracts.13th Act to Amend the Atomic Energy Act (AtomG).Act Strengthening Climate-Friendly Measures in Towns and Municipalities.1709.12.2014Joachim Knebel - Energiewende - Polytechnique Montreal CanadaKIT – University of the State of Baden-Wuerttemberg andNational Laboratory of the Helmholtz AssociationJoachim Knebel - Head of Division 3

Prof. h.c. Dr.-Ing. Joachim Knebel Head of Division11.3.2011: Fukushima The German ReactionBlock 3Block 2Block 1www.n-tv.de – ap, dpaBlock 4Immediate shutdown of older NPPs in GermanyPerformance of stress tests in Germany and Europe‚Ethic Commission‘ in Germany, nominated by Chancellor A. MerkelPhase-out of nuclear power in Germany until 20222009.12.2014Joachim Knebel - Energiewende - Polytechnique Montreal CanadaJoachim Knebel - Head of Division 3Main Objectives of the ‘German Energiewende’(Electricity)Source: Craig Morris, Martin Pehnt (2012)2809.12.2014Joachim Knebel - Energiewende - Polytechnique Montreal CanadaKIT – University of the State of Baden-Wuerttemberg andNational Laboratory of the Helmholtz AssociationJoachim Knebel - Head of Division 3

Prof. h.c. Dr.-Ing. Joachim Knebel Head of DivisionElectricity Generation in Germany 2013Natural GasBitumious CoalNuclear PowerBlack CoalOtherRenewable EnergiesSource: www.unendlich-viel-energie.de3109.12.2014Joachim Knebel - Energiewende - Polytechnique Montreal CanadaJoachim Knebel - Head of Division 3Electricity Generation in Germany 2013Electricitygenerated byCanadaBlack CoalLignite 1,3%3,4%Biomass0,2%7,6%Wind1,8%SolarNatural GasBitumious CoalNuclear PowerBlack CoalOtherRenewable EnergiesGermanyOil, p storage4,5%7,9%5,2%Source: www.unendlich-viel-energie.de andGermany Trade and Invest e*3209.12.2014Joachim Knebel - Energiewende - Polytechnique Montreal CanadaKIT – University of the State of Baden-Wuerttemberg andNational Laboratory of the Helmholtz AssociationJoachim Knebel - Head of Division 3

Prof. h.c. Dr.-Ing. Joachim Knebel Head of DivisionElectricity Capacity and Generation in Germany2013WindPhotovoltaicsBiomassOil & Pumped WaterNatural GasBlack CoalLigniteNuclear EnergyRunning WaterPower Capacity183.647 MW (net)Power Generation596,4 TWh (net)Source: http://www.bdew.de/internet.nsf/id/8DFG22-DE Grafiken3409.12.2014Joachim Knebel - Energiewende - Polytechnique Montreal CanadaJoachim Knebel - Head of Division 3New Energy for Germany (10/2011)www.bundesregierung.de (1/2)Germany will develop to one of the most energy-efficient andenvironmentally friendly economies worldwide.Renewable electricity share: Goal 2020 35%, Goal 2050 80%.Last German NPP will shut down at the end of 2022.Transitionally increased electricity from coal and gas to keep electricitysecure and affordable.Modernisation of existing plants, fast completion of new plants.Construction of large wind parks.Support of biomass iste der OffshoreWindparks3709.12.2014Joachim Knebel - Energiewende - Polytechnique Montreal CanadaKIT – University of the State of Baden-Wuerttemberg andNational Laboratory of the Helmholtz AssociationJoachim Knebel - Head of Division 3

Prof. h.c. Dr.-Ing. Joachim Knebel Head of DivisionNew Energy for Germany (10/2011)www.bundesregierung.de (2/2)Germany will develop to one of the most energy-efficient andenvironmentally friendly economies worldwide.To store electricity generated from renewables, there is a need forfurther pumped-storage hydropower plants.In parallel, research into new storage technologies will be funded.Fast enlargement of the electricity grid in order to distribute electricityfrom wind parks and to make up for decentralised production.Public hearing of citizens who are concerned due to new power lines.Energetic renovation andmodernisation of buildings:Increase of programme fundsfor CO2-efficient 14Joachim Knebel - Energiewende - Polytechnique Montreal CanadaJoachim Knebel - Head of Division 3Fundamental New Challenges to Our Energy SystemFrom point to areaFrom central to decentralisedFrom direct consumption to storage; i.e. consumer attitudefollows energy offersConsumer actively controls and provides energy servicesSource Fotos: http://www.solar-energie-boden.de and http://www.sonnenfluesterer.de3909.12.2014Joachim Knebel - Energiewende - Polytechnique Montreal CanadaKIT – University of the State of Baden-Wuerttemberg andNational Laboratory of the Helmholtz AssociationJoachim Knebel - Head of Division 3

Prof. h.c. Dr.-Ing. Joachim Knebel Head of DivisionSelected Electricity Data for Germany (2011)Inhabitants:80 Mio35 MioAnnual peak load electricity:81 GWXX GWInstalled electricity capacity:160 GW130 GWReliably available capacity:93 GW125 GWThereof based on renewable energies:12 GW75 GWAnnual full load hours (GER):Nuclear energyLigniteBiomassWaterWindPhotovoltaics7,330 hours6,600 hours6,400 hours4,600 hours1,380 hours900 hoursSource Fotos: http://d1.stern.de/bilder/stern 5/wirtschaft/2011/KW41/energiesparen/erneuerbare fitwidth ns/d/d4/ArrowLakesPic.JPG4009.12.2014Joachim Knebel - Energiewende - Polytechnique Montreal CanadaJoachim Knebel - Head of Division 3EEX: Wind Energy in Germany (01/2010-02/2013)EfficiencyInstalled powerAvailable powerQuelle: Leipzig Electricity Stock Exchange EEX; Karl Linnenfelser4509.12.2014Joachim Knebel - Energiewende - Polytechnique Montreal CanadaKIT – University of the State of Baden-Wuerttemberg andNational Laboratory of the Helmholtz AssociationJoachim Knebel - Head of Division 3