Compulsory English

CompulsoryEnglish

CompulsoryEnglishFor IAS Mains and Judicial Services ExaminationsSecond EditionHari Mohan PrasadFormerly Professor and Head, Department of English,Magadh University, Bodh Gaya

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Dedication My deep gratefulness to the Almighty, whomotivates us and provides the spark andstrength to our endeavours. For my parents who are not in this world, yetalways with us and whose blessings I alwaysneed. My love to my children and grandchildrenwhose affection reassures my life.

PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITIONFor an author, every book (new or revised) is a piece of creation, a dreamcome true. While embarking on a writing project, authors initially havea translucent image in their mind about the project. The picture graduallyemerges clearer as he/she keeps working and improving on the manuscript.In my case, the vision was to create reader-friendly books on the objectiveand subjective aspects of the English language that would be of relevanceto aspirants preparing for competitive examinations.This book ‘Compulsory English’ addresses the ‘subjective’ aspectsof competitive examinations and covers the topics like essay, précis,comprehension, etc. The subjective aspect is a very important componentof examinations conducted by UPSC, State Public Service Commissions,Reserve Bank of India, State Bank of India and many other organisations.I am confident that this revised edition with the latest-UPSC solved paperswill serve the required purpose most effectively. Readers are the best judgeand I look forward to their constructive feedback. I thank Mrs Uma RaniSinha who has collaborated with me on this project.Hari Mohan Prasad

Major Examinations Covered in This BookINTRODUCTIONThe book has been designed and developed keeping in view therequirements of the Civil Services Main Examination and other examinationslike Indian Forest Service, Indian Economic or Statistical Services andGeologist Examination etc. The book also covers fully the syllabuses ofseveral State Public Service Examinations and Judicial Services Examination.The book also will also be useful for judicial services examination of DelhiState, CLAT (Common Law Entrance Test), RBI and SBI examinations.Given below is a brief description of the syllabus of different examinationsof the English paper for which the book is intended.CIVIL SERVICES MAIN EXAMINATIONThe aim of the paper is to test the candidate’s ability to read andunderstand serious discursive prose, and to express his ideas clearly andcorrectly in English.The pattern of questions would be broadly as follows :(i) Comprehension of given passages.(ii) Précis Writing(iii) Usage and Vocabulary(iv) Short EssayINDIAN STATISTICAL SERVICES/INDIA ECONOMIC SERVICESCandidates will be required to write an essay in English. Other questionswill be designed to test their understanding of English and workmanlike useof words. Passages will usually be set for summary or précis.GEOLOGISTS EXAMINATIONCandidates will be required to write a short Essay in English. Otherquestions will be designed to test their understanding of English andworkmanlike use of words.INDIAN FOREST SERVICE EXAMINATIONCandidates will be required to write an essay in English. Other questionswill be designed to test their understanding of English and workmanlike useof words. Passages will usually be set for summary or précis.

WEST BENGAL PUBLIC SERVICE JUDICIAL EXAMINATIONEnglish Composition, essay, précis writingWEST BENGAL CIVIL SERVICES MAIN EXAMINATIONLetter writing (within 150 words)/Drafting of Report (within 200 words),Précis Writing, Composition and Translation from Bengali/Hindi/Urdu/Nepali/Santali to English.WEST BENGAL PSC JUDICIAL SERVICES MAINS EXAMyyyyyyyyyyEnglish Essay (1000-1100 words)PrécisWords and PhrasesComprehensionCorrectionsHPSC (HARYANA PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSION) EXAMQuestions to test the candidate’s capacity to understand and writegood English. The paper will comprise precis writing expansion, tests invocabulary and any other form of composition that may be suitable.HIMACHAL PRADESH JUDICIAL SERVICE EXAMA choice from three Essays in English on general subjects.Translation of Hindi passage into English.HIMACHAL PRADESH ADMINISTRATIVE (MAIN) COMPETITIVE EXAMThe candidates will be tested based on Comprehension of English, correctgrammatical expression, clarity & precision. The areas of testing are:yy Englishyy Vocabularyyy English Compositionyy Comprehension of Passagesyy Precis WritingMANIPUR PUBLIC SERVICE EXAMINATIONyyyyyyyyComprehension of given passagesPrecis WritingUsage and VocabularyShort Essay

Major Examinations Covered in This BookMANIPUR JUDICIAL SERVICEyy Essay Writingyy Précis Writingyy Grammar etc.MAHARASHTRA PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSIONyyyyyyyyyyEssayTranslation of Marathi passage into mplaint/RequestGrammarDELHI JUDICIAL SERVICESyy Essay, Translation andyy Precise writingMIZORAM PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSIONa)b)c)d)e)f)Essay WritingPrécis WritingLetter WritingIdioms & PhrasesExpansion of passagesComprehension of given passagesANDHRA PRADESH PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSION -writingRe-arrangement of sentencesCorrection of sentencesSynonyms, AntonymsFilling in the blanks and Correction of spellingsVocabulary and usageVerb, Tenses, PrepositionsActive voice and Passive voiceParts of speechPaper I (General Essay)ODISHA JUDICIAL SERVICES EXAMINATION(a) Translation and Retranslation of ten lines each(b) A short Essay about 150 words(c) Precis writing consisting of 300 words

ASOM PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSION EXAMCandidates will be required to write an essay in English. Other questionswill be designed to test their understanding of English and workmanlike useof words. Passages will usually be set for summary or précis.COMMON LAW ADMISSION TEST (CLAT)English including Comprehension. In the comprehension section,candidates will be questioned on their understanding of the passage and itscentral theme, meanings of words used therein etc. The grammar sectionrequires correction of incorrect grammatical sentences, filling blanks insentences with appropriate words, etc.STATE BANK OF INDIA1.2.3.4.EssayPrécis writingComprehensionLetter/Report writingRESERVE BANK OF INDIAGrade B Officers bulary based on the passageLetter/Report writing

CONTENTSPreface to the Second EditionviiMajor Examinations Covered in this BookixSolved PaperslUPSC Main (Compulsory English 2018 Paper)1-16lUPSC Main (Compulsory English 2017 Paper)1-12lUPSC Main (Compulsory English 2016 Paper)1-12lUPSC Main (Compulsory English 2015 Paper)1-7lGeologists Examination 20151-5lIndian Economic Service Exam 20141-5lIndian Forest Service Examination, 20141-61.Precis Writing1.1-1.192.Comprehension2.1-2.283.Letter Writing3.1-3.134.Report Writing4.1-4.115.Paragraph Writing6.Expansion or Amplification of Ideas/Proverbs7.Introduction to Essay Writing5.1-5.76.1-6.117.1-7.108

Model Essays:a.Advantages and Disadvantages of E-learning7.12b. Nanotechnology—A Blessing or A Curse7.18c.7.21New Careers in the 21st Centuryd. Electoral Reforms in India7.23e.Land Acquisition Bill in India7.26f.Make in India Programme7.28g.Start Up India Programme7.30h. Digital India Programme7.32i.Skill India Programme7.35j.Internet: Usage and Abuses7.38k. Social Networking Sites—Its Advantages andDisadvantagesl.7.41Cyber crime7.45m. Global warming7.48n. Environmental pollution7.51o. India’s Economic Reforms7.54p. Reservation for women7.60q. Women Empowerment in India7.63r.India’s Wildlife Heritage7.66s.Democracy in India7.71t.Unity In Diversity In India7.76u. The Role of Media in Society7.79v.7.83Price risew. Problem of unemployment in India7.85x.Corruption In India7.87y.Child Labour7.89

z.Brain drain7.91aa. Ragging: A Menace7.95ab. Does violence on Television Promote Violenceamong Children?7.99ac. Terrorism in India7.101ad. Smart city7.104ae. Drug Addiction7.1068.Parts of Speech8.1-8.269.Tense9.1-9.1610.100 Rules of Grammer11.Articles12.Narration/Direct and Indirect n of Sentences14.1-14.2115.‘Do as Directed’ Types of Questions15.1-15.1516.Phrasal Verbs16.1-16.5017.Pair of Words17.1-17.1118.Idioms and Phrases18.1-18.719.World of Vocabulary19.1-19.3810.1-10.2211.1-11.9

l UPSC Main (Compulsory English 2018 Paper) 1-16 l UPSC Main (Compulsory English 2017 Paper) 1-12 l UPSC Main (Compulsory English 2016 Paper) 1-12 l UPSC Main (Compulsory English 2015 Paper) 1-7 l Geologists Examination 2015 1-5 l Indian Economic Service Exam 2014 1-5 l Indian Forest Se