Leer Jouself Nama Teach Yourself Nama Aitsama
Leer jouself NamaTeach yourself NamaAitsama Namagowaba khā khāsen1
Leer jouself NamaTeach yourself NamaAitsama Namagowaba khā khāsen2
Inhoudsopgawe/Table of contentItemPageVoorwoord/Foreword4Die Klapklanke/The Click lfstandige naamwoorde/Proper nouns9Woordelys/Glossary9 – 10Vreemde woorde/Foreign words10Groet en gasvryheid/Greetings and hospitality10 – 11Die weer/The etalle/Numbers12 – 13Rangtelwoorde/Ordinals13Essensiële/Essentials13 – 14Klaskamer/Classroom14Hoflikheidsfrases/Polite phrases14 – 15Vrae en versoeke/Questions and requests15 – 16Taalprobleme/Language problems16Tyd en datum/Time and date16 – 17Nuttige stellings/Useful statements17 – 18Liggaamsdele/Body parts18A da !gôa193
VoorwoordHierdie boekie is ontwerp en saamgestel as deel van die Departement Kultuursakeen Sport in die Wes-Kaap se Nama Bewustheidsveldtog.Die boekie en sy gepaardgaande CD is daarop gemik om die leser in staat te stel omself die Nama taal aan te leer. Dit moet egter ingedagte gehou word dat die bestemanier om ‘n taal aan te leer, is om met moedertaalsprekers van die taal te praat.Die inhoud en struktuur van die boekie is saamgestel en gekonseptualiseer deurmnr Pedro Dausab.Die Departement hoop dat hierdie boekie die leser sal help om ‘n kennis enwaardering van ‘n kosbare taalerfenis van Suid-Afrika aan te kweek.ForewordThis booklet was designed and compiled as part of the Nama Awareness Campaignof the Department of Cultural Affairs and Sport in the Western Cape.The booklet and its accompanying CD are aimed at making it possible for the readerto learn the language through self tuition. It should however be remembered thatthe best way of learning a language is to speak to mother-tongue speakers of thelanguage.The contents and structure of the booklet were compiled and conceptualized by MrPedro Dausab.The Department hopes that this booklet will assist the reader in developing aknowledge and appreciation of a valuable linguistic heritage of South Africa.4
1. Die Klapklanke/ClicksDaar is vier kenmerkende klapklanke in die taal en hulle word verteenwoordig deurdie letters: “ ” “ ” “!” “ ”.There are four characteristic clicks in the language, and they are represented by theletters: “ ” “ ” “!” “ ”.1.1Die Tandletter/Dentale klapklank “ ”The Dental click “ ”Die “ ” klapklank word gemaak deur die breek van ‘n geringe suiging watveroorsaak word deur die voorpunt van die tong net agter die boonste voortandewaar hulle die tandvleis raak, te plaas; neem (met albei lippe effens apart) dan dievoorpunt van die tong weg van die tande af.The “ ” click sound is made by breaking a slight suction that is created by justplacing the very tip of the tongue behind the upper front teeth; where they meetthe gums; then (keeping both lips slightly apart) draw the tip of the tongue awayfrom the teeth.1.2Die Palatale klapklank “!”The Palatal click “!”Die “!” klapklank word gemaak deur die breek van ‘n geringe suiging, veroorsaakmet die voorkant van die tong teen die verhemelte, waar dit afdraai na die boonstevoortande. In die breek van hierdie suiging word ‘n skerp ondertoebeweging van dietong gemaak, terwyl die lippe effens van mekaar gehou word. In die voortbring vanhierdie klank is daar ook ‘n skerp ondertoebeweging van die onderkakebeen tebespeur.The “!” click sound is made by breaking a slight suction, made with the forwardportion of the tongue against the roof of the mouth (palate), where it curvesdownwards towards the upper front teeth. In breaking this suction, a sharpdownward movement of the tongue is made, whilst the lips are slightly apart. Inproducing this sound a sharp downward movement of the lower jaw is alsonoticeable.5
1.3Die Sydelingse/Laterale klapklank “ ”The Lateral click “ ”Die “ ” klapklank word gemaak deur die breek van ‘n suiging veroorsaak tussen eenvan die twee kante van die tong en diebetrokke wang. Die lippe en tande word effens apart gehou wanneer hierdieklapklank gemaak word en die onderstekakebeen word nie op of af beweeg nie.The “ ” click sound is made by breaking a suction created between either side ofthe tongue and relative cheek. In making this sound, the lips and teeth are keptslightly apart and the lower jaw is not moved upwards or downwards.1.4Die Alveolêre klapklank “ ”The Alveolar click “ ”Die “ ” klapklank word gemaak deur die breek van ‘n suiging wat veroorsaak worddeur die voorpunt van die tong tussen die voortande te sit en vinnig terug te trek;met albei lippe effens apart.The “ ” click sound is made by breaking a suction, that is created by placing the tipof the tongue between the front teeth and pulling back the tongue with both lipsslightly apart.Die klapklanke mag deur die volgende gevolg word:The clicks may be followed by:‘n Klinker / A VowelDeur g / By gDeur h / By hDeur n / By nDeur kh / By kh2. Klinkers/VowelsDaar is vir alle praktiese doeleindes vier soorte klinkers in Nama.For practical purposes four kinds of vowels are distinguished in Nama.6
Kort klinkers /Short vowelsSeunSonAxabWanneerWhenHamoGisterYesterday ariMôreTomorrow ariLaterLaterEgaGroetGreetTaweteLang klinkers/Long vowelsKomComeHāGeeGiveMāGaan wegGo awayBēDaadDeedDībKryGetHōVatTakeŪGenasaleerde klinkers/Nasalised o!GûDiftonge/Diphthongs.In Nama behou elke letter sy eie klank; byvoorbeeld in Khoeb word die o apartgehoor en die e ook - nie soos in Afrikaans waar die oe as u uitgespreek word nie.7
In Nama each letter keeps its own sound; for instance in Khoeb the o must beheard separately likewise the e. not as in English where au is pronounced as aa likein laugh.VasmaakFasten!GaeSiekSick aesenSingSing naeTerug/gaan terugGo backOaManManKhoeb3. Alfabet/AlphabetDie Nama alfabet bestaan uit 20 letters. (Die letters wat ontbreek, word glad nie inegte Nama woorde gebruik nie, maar slegs in leenwoorde of name):The Nama alphabet consists of 20 letters. (The omitted letters are not used inauthentic Nama words at all, but only in borrowed names):aB(be)Ts(tse) d(de) e x(ge) hkh m(em) n(en)(khi) !op r(er) Ig(ke) k(kha)s(es) t(te) u(oe) w(we) Let op die uitspraak van die volgende letters in Nama:Note the pronunciation of the following letters in Nama:8C - word uitgespreek as – tsC – is pronounced as - tsX - word uitgespreek as – gX – is pronounced as - gG - word uitgespreek as – keG – is pronounced as - keI - word uitgespreek as – ieI - is pronounced as - ieU - word uitgespreek as - oeU- is pronounced as - oe
4. Selfstandige Naamwoorde/NounsSelfstandige naamwoorde kom voor in enkelvoud, tweevoud en meervoud.Nouns occur in singular, dual and plural form.Let wel!Please note!-s dui die vroulike geslag enkelvoud aan, tweevoud eindig met –ra, en meer met –di.-b dui die manlike geslag enkelvoud aan, tweevoud eindig met –kha en meervoude met –gu.-I dui geen geslag aan nie, meervoude eindig dan met –n.-s indicates the feminine singular, twofold ends with –ra, and morewith –di.-b indicates the masculine singular, twofold ends with –kha, andmore with –gu.-I indicate no gender, plural ends with e/People5. uffrouMadam/Lady!GôasasJyYouSats (male)JyYouSas (female)EkITitaBedBedKhaorobSlaapSleep ōmWord wakkerWake up KhaiSiekIll aesenMedisyneMedicineSo ôanPillePillsPelsGesondHealthy Gau/ uruGodGodElobSkoolSchoolSkoli9
orob6. Vreemde Woorde/Foreign toorPost �PosseëlPostage stampStems7. Groet en gasvryheid/Greetings and hospitalityGroet en gasvryheidGreetings and hospitality !Gûkhoisâu ׀ namxasibGoeiemôreGood morning!Gâi goasGoeiedagGood day!Gâi tsēsGoeienaandGood night!Gâi !oesHalloHello!Gâi tsēsHoe gaan dit?How are you?Mî re?Hoe gaan dit?Are you well? Khai(t)s go?Baie goed, dankieVery well, thank you Hanu a, ganganTotsiensGood bye!Gâise !gû reSien jou spoedigSee you soon!Haese mûgus / Khawa mûgus10
Bly om jou te kenPleased to know you!Gâi a an (t)si saWat is jou naam?What is your name?Mati(t)s on hâ?Van waar is jy?Where are you from?Mapa xu(t)s ta hâ?Waar woon jy?Where do you live?Mapa(t)s ta hâ?Woon jy in hierdiedorp?Do you live in thistown?Nē !ās ai(t)s ta hâ?Kom binneCome in Gâxa reMag ek help?May I help?Hui Khā ta a?Wil jy iets hê om tedrink?Would you like a drink? Axū-e hâba(t)s hâ?Help jouselfHelp yourselfHuisenDankie vir ’n aangename tydThanks for a pleasanttime!Gai hâ aeb !aromagangansKan ek vir jou enigiets Can I offer you anyaanbied?thing?Xū-he mā(t)si khā taa?8. Die weer/The weatherDie weerThe weather Oab tsî nanubDis ’n mooi dag, is dit Fine day today, isn’t it? Îsa tsēs ge ama tamanie?e?Dis warmIt is hot Gamsa aDis koudIt is cold!Khai aDis winderigIt is windy Oaxa aDaar is ’n storm aandie komThere is a storm brew- Kai oas ge ra khâiingBlits en donderweerThunder and lightning!Gurub tsî nawabSlegte weerBad weather Gaora oab tsî nanub11
9. er khunabHerfsAutumnHai !kharibWinterWinterSaobLenteSpring hao aeb10. Hemelliggame/PlanetsHemelliggamePlanets Hom isiguHemelHeaven HomiUitspanselSky!A uisabSonSunSoresSterreStars GamirodiWolkeClouds nanun/!âonMaanMoon Khâb11. Getalle/NumbersNommersNumbers!GôadiEenOne GuiTweeTwo iSeweSevenHûAgtEight KhaisaNegeNineKhoeseTienTenDisi12
ElevenDisi gui aTwelveDisi gam aTwenty GamdisiTwenty two Gamdisi gam aThirty!NonadisiFourtyHagadisiHundredKaidisiTwo hundred GamkaidisiThree hundred!NonakaidisiThousand Oadisi12. ersteFirst GuroTweedeSecond Gam îDerdeThird!Nona îVierdeFourthHaka îVyfdeFifthKoro îSesdeSixth!Nani îSewendeSeventhHû îAgsteEighth Khaisa îNegendeNinthKhoese îTiendeTenthDisi î13. Essensiële/EssentialsEssensiëleEssentials Hâ Thank youGangansVerskoon myExcuse me Ûba te re13
14. Klaskamer/Classroom Khā khā!nā-omi(s)KlaskamerClassroomGoeiemôre kindersGood morning, children !Gâi goas, gôanSitSit down Nû reMaak julle boeke oopOpen your booksSadu khanina khowa-amTel julle potlode opPick up your pencilsSadu xoaxuruga ū khâiStop!Stop! û reHerhaal/WeerRepeat/Again KhawaDoen soos ek doenDo as I doDī re tita ra dī khemiOefenPractise Khāpēsen / !âisenKyk, sien jyLook, do you seeKōre, mû du raWel gedaanWell done!Gâise(t)s ge go dīJou beurtYour turnSa !nasLuisterListen!Gâ reBly stilBe quiet!!Nō reWaar is Willem?Where is William?Willema mapa hâ?Wat soek jy?What are you lookingTare-e(t)s ta ôa?GoedGood/fine!Gâi aMaak gouHurry!Hae reSê agter my aanRepeat after meTi khao !gâ mîDit was baie lekkerIt was very niceKaise go !gâi i14
15. Hoflikheidsfrases/Polite phrasesHoflikheidsfrasesPolite phrases Gauxa ẬibasendiVerskoon myExcuse me Ûba te re / Gawa aegu teEk is jammerI’m sorry hawio kai te reWeer/herhaalPardon KhawaDis reg soThat’s all right Hanu-aNie te dankeDon’t mention itTā mîDit maak nie saak nieIt doesn’t matterXū he hâ tamaSê weer/ekskuus?I beg your pardon? Khawa mî re?Goed/Dis reg soGood/ That’s fine!Gâi-aMoenie bekommerdwees nieDon’t worryTā ae16. Vrae en versoeke/Questions and requestsVrae en VersoekeQuestions and requestsDîdi tsî GandiWaar?Where?Mapa?Waar is die hotel?Where is the hotel?Hotelsa mapa hâ?Wanneer?When?Mâ ae?Wanneer sal jy kom?When will you come? Mâ ae(t)s nî khī?Hoeveel?How much?Matikō?Hoe ver?How far?Matikōse !nū?Wat is dié?What is this?Tare-e nē-e?Wat is dit?What is that?Tare-e nā-e?Wat wil jy hê?What do you want?Tare-e(t)s ta gao?Wat moet ek doen?What must I do?Tare-e ta nî dī?Het jy?Have you ?Ū(t)s hâ ?Daar?Is/are there ? Nāba ?Het jy gesien?Have you seen?Mû(t)s go ?Gee my asseblief Please give me Toxoba mā te re 15
Ek wil ’n hêI want Tita ge ra gao Waarom?Why?Tare-i !aroma?Doen dit!Do that!Dī nā-e!Moenie dit doen nie!Don’t do that!Tā nā-e dī!Wat het gebeur?What happened?Tare-e go ī?17. Taalprobleme/Language problemsTaalproblemeLanguage problemsGowab !gomsiguPraat jy Engels?Do you speak English?Hurigowaba(t)s ta !hoa?Ek praat nie Nama nie I don’t speak NamaTita ge Namagowaba!hoa tama hâEk verstaan nie Nâu !ā tama ta ge hâI don’t understandPraat asseblief stadig Please speak slowly Au se toxopa !hoa re18. Tyd en datums/Time and datesTyd en DatumsTime and dates Aeb tsi dadomdiHoe laat is dit?What time is it?Matikō aexa i go?Dit is een uurIt is one o’clock Gui-īr goDit is middagIt is middayTsē !gâ aeb geDit is middernagIt is midnightTsuxub !gâb geDis vroegIt is early!Oega i ge aDis laatIt is late!Onkhao i ge aHoe laat begin dit?What time does itstart?Mâ ae ī ra tsoatsoa?Hoe laat maak ditklaar?What time does itend?Mâ ae ī ra toa?Gaan jy lank bly?Are you staying long? Gaxuse(t) s ta hâ?Ek bly vir vier daeI’m staying for fourdaysHaga tsēde ta ge nihâEk is ’n week al hierI’ve been here for aweekWekheba ta ge nēbago hâ i16
Ons vertrek 5 Januarie We’re leaving on Jan5thKoros Januarib dis aidagera !nariWat is die datum?What’s the date?Matikō ī a morrow AriOormôreDay after TomorrowAetsēDagDayTsēsVanoggendThis morningNē goagaIn die middagIn the afternoonKarab aiGisteraandLast night Arikam !oeMôreaandTomorrow night Arikam !oeDie weekThis weekNē wekheVerlede maandLast month Oa go khâVolgende jaarNext year!Goaxa kuri19. Bruikbare stellings/Useful statementsBruikbare stellingsUseful statementsSisenūhesa !uriguEk hou van ditI like itTura ta raEk hou nie van ditnie I don’t like it Tura tama ta hâ Ek is nie seker nieI’m not sure Oasase ta an tamahâEk weet nieI don’t know Ū ta-aEk het nie geweet nie I didn’t know Ū ta go iEk dink soI think soTi tara âiEk is hongerI am hungry!Âsa ta aEk is dorsI am thirsty Gâsa ta aEk is moegI am tiredTsau sa ta a17
Ek is haastigI am in a hurry!Noesa ta aLos my uitLeave me alone Nāxū teWag ’n bietjieJust a moment Aerob guibaOp hierdie manierThis way pleaseNē gaub ai toxobaSit maarTake a seat Nû reKom binneCome in Gâxa reDis te veelIt’s too muchKaise a !nāsaDis alThat is allNēn ge hūnaJy is regYou are right Hanu(t)s aJy is verkeerdYou are wrong Hanu tama(t)s hâEk is regI am ready Homisen toa ta hâ20. Liggaamsdele/Body partsHareHair ûnKopHeadDanasWenkbroueEyebrow gâuguOorEar gaesOogEyemûsMondMouthamsNeusNose bHandHand!om miVingerFinger khunubKnieKnee goasBeenLeg nubVoetFoot ais18
21. A da !gôa Gui - gam ti ta ge,Een twee dis ekOne two it is me!nona – haka sats ge. Drie vier jy isThree four you areKoro - !nani, sas geVyf ses jy isFive six you areHû - khaisa îb geSewe agt hy isSeven Eight he isKhoese – disi îs geNege tien sy isNine ten she isDisi gui a – disi gam elf twaalf ons is a sida geEleven twelve we areDisi !nona a – disi Dertien veertien ons is Thirteen fourteen wehaka a sada geareHoa da ra!gôa khāpesen !Let wel!Sats dui op die manlike vorm enkelvoudSas dui op die vroulike vorm enkelvoudSida is ekslusief m.a.w. dit sluit net ‘n sekeregroep inSada is inklusief en sluit almal inPlease note!Sats denotes masculine singularSas denotes feminine singularSida is exclusive i.e it only includes a specificgroupSada is inclusive and includes everyone19
8 In Nama each letter keeps its own sound; for instance in Khoeb the o must be heard separately likewise the e. not as in English where au is pronounced as aa like in laugh. 3.
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