IEEE 1547.1 Overview

IEEE 1547.1 OverviewIEEE P1547.1 Draft Standard for Conformance TestProcedures for Equipment InterconnectingDistributed Resources with Electric Power SystemsDOE High-Tech Inverter WorkshopCodes and Standards DevelopmentOctober 13 – 14, 2004Tom Basso, Ben KroposkiNational Renewable Energy Laboratory

Presentation Outline IEEE 1574.1InterconnectionTest Std Test ProcedureValidation

IEEE 1547 SeriesIEEE 1547-2003 - Standard forInterconnecting DistributedResources with Electric PowerSystemsIEEE 1547.1 – Draft StandardConformance Test Proceduresfor Equipment InterconnectingDistributed Resources withElectric Power SystemsThis standard covers technicaland testing requirementsThis standard has detailedtest procedures for meetingthe requirements in IEEE1547

IEEE 1547Technical Requirements General Requirements Voltage DisturbancesFrequency DisturbancesDisconnection for Faults Loss of Synchronism Feeder Reclosing CoordinationPower Quality Inadvertent Energizing of the Area EPS Monitoring Isolation DeviceResponse to Area EPS Abnormal Conditions Voltage RegulationIntegration with Area EPS GroundingSynchronizationSecondary and Spot NetworksLimitation of DC InjectionLimitation of Voltage FlickerInduced by the DRIslanding Immunity Protection Harmonics Surge Capability

IEEE Std 1547.1 (Conformance Test Procedures)ScopeThis standard specifies the Type, Production, and Commissioningtests that shall be performed to demonstrate that the interconnectionfunctions and equipment of the DR conform to IEEE Std. 1547.PurposeInterconnection equipment that connects DR to an EPS must meet therequirements specified in IEEE 1547. Standardized test procedures arenecessary to establish and verify compliance with those requirements.These test procedures must provide both repeatable results,independent of test location, and flexibility to accommodate the varietyof DR technologies.Schedule Draft 5.1 Issued summer 2004 for preparing ballot draft Plan to ballot P1547.1 Draft Standard in December 2004

IEEE Std 1547.1Type (Design), Production and Commissioning Tests5.0 Type (Design) Tests 5.1 Temperature StabilityThis test verifies that the interconnection equipment maintains measurementaccuracy of parameters over its specified temperature range. 5.2 Response to Abnormal VoltageThis test verifies that DR interconnection component or system ceases toenergize the Area EPS as specified in IEEE 1547 with respect toovervoltage conditions. This test determines the magnitude and trip time foreach overvoltage function. 5.3 Response to Abnormal FrequencySame as Voltage except for abnormal frequency 5.4 SynchronizationThis test demonstrates the interconnection equipment will accurately andreliably synchronize to the Area EPS according the requirements of IEEE1547. Two basic test methods are provided: Method 1 verifies that asynchronization control function will cause the paralleling device to closeonly when key synchronization parameters are within allowable limits;Method 2 determines the magnitude of the synchronization startup current.

IEEE Std 1547.1 Interconnection Tests5.0 Type (Design) Tests 5.5 Interconnection IntegrityThese tests includes 1) Protection From Electromagnetic Interference (EMI),2) Surge Withstand Performance, and a 3) dielectric test on the parallelingdevice. These tests are based on protocol in IEEE C37.90.1, C37.90.2,C62.41.2, and C62.45. 5.6 DC injectionThis test verifies that an inverter-based DR system complies with the DCcurrent injection limit specified in of IEEE 1547. 5.7 Unintentional IslandingThis test provides a means to determine that a DR or its interconnectionsystem will cease to energize the connection with the Area EPS when anunintentional island condition is present. This test is currently based onmatching the DR output to a resonant load. 5.8 Reverse PowerSince one of the ways in which DR often meet the unintentional islandingrequirement is to use a reverse or minimum power relay, this test isperformed to characterize the accuracy of the reverse-power protectionmagnitude setting(s) of the interconnection equipment.

IEEE Std 1547.1 Interconnection Tests5.0 Type (Design) Tests 5.9 Cease to Energize Functionality and Loss of PhaseThis test verifies that DR interconnection system ceases to energize the AreaEPS as specified in IEEE 1547 with respect to individual open phaseconditions. 5.10 Reconnect TimeThis test verifies the functionality of the DR interconnection component orsystem reconnect timer, which delays the DR reconnection to the Area EPSfollowing a trip event. 5.11 HarmonicsThis test measures the individual current harmonics and total demanddistortion (TDD) of the DR interconnection component or system under normaloperating conditions and see that they are within the limits of IEEE 1547. 5.12 FlickerNo specific type test procedures since flicker is site dependent

IEEE Std 1547.1 Interconnection Tests6 - Production TestsProduction tests verify the operability of every unit of interconnect equipmentmanufactured for customer use. Response to Abnormal Voltage Response to Abnormal Frequency Synchronization7 - Commissioning TestsCommissioning tests are conducted after the interconnection system is installedand is ready for operation. Verification and Inspections Field Conducted type and Production Tests

IEEE Std 1547.1 Testsincorporated into UL1741 for product pre-certificationNREL Interconnection Pre-Certification ApproachIEEE 1547InterconnectionSystem Requirements Voltage Regulation Grounding Disconnects Monitoring IslandingIEEE 1547.1UL 1741 InterconnectionSystem Testing O/U Voltage and Frequency Synchronization EMI Surge Withstand DC injection Harmonics Islanding ReconnectionInterconnectionEquipment Construction Protection against risksof injury to persons Rating, Marking Specific DR Tests forvarious technologies

Interconnection TestingDistributed EnergyResourcesInterconnectionTechnologiesElectric PowerSystemsFunctionsFuel CellUtilityGrid Power ConversionPV Power Conditioning (PQ)InverterMicroturbine Protection DER and Load ControlWind Ancillary ServicesEnergyStorage Communications MeteringSwitchgear, Relays,& ControlsGeneratorUtility Grid SimulatorMicro GridsLoadsLocal LoadsLoad Simulators

Testing Summary This presentation outlines some of the specific interconnection testsbeing validated for inclusion in IEEE 1547.1. Generic monitoring, measurement, and testing strategies could beuseful in P1547.1. The file size, sampling rate, and correct samplingwindow were significant factors of testing that could be mentioned inP1547.1. Advice and warnings of issues to be aware of to aidsmooth and accurate testing should also be included. Some values from the earlier draft of P1547.1 standard wereincompatible with the testing setup and will need modification. Thisinformation has been passed on to members of the IEEE P1547.1working group for revision in future drafts. Care must be taken to test each parameter individually withoutother protective functions operating. For More Information and Copies of the full testing reports go towww.eren.doe.gov/distributedpower or www.nrel.gov

NREL Testing CapabilitiesMicroturbinesDiesel GeneratorsUtility Grid3 AC BusesGridSimulatorInvertersWind Turbines3 DCBusesBatteryBanksLoad SimulatorsPV ArrayFuel CellsElectrolyzer

NREL Testing CapabilitiesDC Bus – Allows up to 10 DCdevice (Battery, PV) connectionsAC Bus (3Phase, 480V, 400A rated) – Allowsup to 15 AC device (inverters, microturbine,generators) connectionsSwitch Panel – Computercontrolled. Allows tester toeasily configure systems. Abilityto run 3 independent systemssimultaneously.

Interconnection Equipment Testing ExamplesGE UniversalInterconnectionTechnology(UIT)ASCO – Soft-Load Transfer SwitchValidation of IEEE P1547 InterconnectionStandard Tests Over/Under Voltage and FrequencyResponse Unintentional islanding test

Test Results – System ConfigurationTransferSwitchOnan 125kWGenerator200kW GridSimulatorProgrammableLoad Banks

Test Results – IEEE 1547 Response TimesResponse to Abnormal FrequencyResponse to Abnormal VoltageClearingTime (s)Voltage Range(Based on 480 V)V 2400.16240 V 422.42528 V 5761V 5760.16DRSIZE 30kW 30kWFrequency Range(Hz)ClearingTime (s) 60.50.16 59.30.16 60.50.16 {59.8–57.0}(adjustable setpoint)Adjustable0.16–300 57.00.16

Testing Results Testing Results from ASCO SLTS – Underfrequency Magnitude Testf(Hz)59.459.22 sec136 sect (s)Table 1. Underfrequency MagnitudeUnderfrequency MagnitudeTrial Number Trip e59.301Setting59.3

Testing Results Testing Results from ASCO SLTS – Underfrequency Time Test1.58sf(Hz)59.45920 sec0.2 msect (s)Underfrequency TimeUnderfrequency TimeTrial Number Trip Time 0

Testing Results Testing Results from ASCO SLTS – Overvoltage Magnitude TestV51550048015 sec300 sectOvervoltage MagnitudeOvervoltage MagnitudeTrial NumberTrip rage504.050Setting504.0

Testing Results Testing Results from ASCO SLTS – Overvoltage Time TestV510500DGDisconnect t 0.2 ms480Exceed TripPoint60 sec15 sectOvervoltage TimeOvervoltage TimeTrial Number Trip Time red1.00

Testing Results Testing Results from ASCO SLTS – Unintentional IslandingIEEE 1547 requirement is to disconnect within 2 seconds of islandformationASCO akerUtility LoadAnti-islanding test setupLocal LoadDieselGenerator

Testing ResultsTesting Results from ASCO SLTS – Unintentional IslandingClearing Time of Anti-Islanding Deadband Settingsfor a Range of Loads at 0.90 Diesel Power Factor30Did not trip in 3 minutes25Clearing Time (sec) 25% Load50% Load100% Load2015102-Second Required Trip Time50Off0.10.05Anti-Islanding Deadband Setting0.03

Testing Results – GE UITSize of Non-DetectZone (NDZ) reducesas power levelincreasesResults from anti-islanding NDZ testing.Active LoadPowerNDZ Size (% ofDG outputReactive Load ((kW)MismatchPDG, 901.251.08081.51441.51.2Examine the effects of switching in load while the DG was islanded andsupplying a local load. That is, after the DG and load islanded (withoutbeing detected), how much load step would cause the island to bedetected.The test showed that steps less than 0.8% transient power would not causethe DG to trip.Using small DG steps, the DG would continue to remain connected even iftotal change is much larger (up to rating of DG).

P1547.1. Advice and warnings of issues to be aware of to aid smooth and accurate testing should also be included. Some values from the earlier draft of P1547.1 standard were incompatible with the testing setup and will need modification. This information has been passed on to members of the IEEE P1547.1 working group for revision in future .