DRAFT Management Programme

Monitoring, complianceand enforcementLand and marinebased sources ofpollutionEstuarine managementEducation, awareness andtrainingCooperative governanceCoastal vulnerability:CoastalCoastal andadaptation and building informationmarineresilient communities and researchplanningCoastal accessPriorityAreaiiGoalManagement ObjectivesPromote safe and Enable physical public access to theequitable access to sea, and along the seashore, on athe coastmanaged basisPromote balancebetween economicdevelopment andconservation ofnatural resourcesActionContinue the management of publiclaunch sites in KZNEnsure coastal development isappropriateSupport to municipalities for thedesignation of coastal access landthrough undertaking a baseline coastalaccess assessmentManagement measures and tools fordevelopment in the coastal zoneProtect the existing natural coastalenvironmentIdentification of areas/zones (specialmanagement areas) for protectionDevelop an appropriate informationPromote relevant management and sharing systemresearch and accessto information Identify research priorities andopportunities in support of ICMDevelop a public coastal informationsharing portalDevelop a KZN coastal managementresearch strategyDevelop coastal management linesEnsure that coastal planning and(CML’s) for KZNPromote resilience development minimises the exposureIdentify appropriate avenues toto the effects of of people, infrastructure andimplement CML’sclimate change, economic activities to significant riskDevelop CML’s for estuariesdynamic coastal from dynamic coastal processesprocesses andFacilitate rehabilitation of degradednatural hazardsIdentify and prioritise hot spots fornatural coastal infrastructure, coastalcoastal rehabilitation in KZNecosystems and habitatsEnsure formal nomination andPromote provincial as well as localrepresentation at the NCCgovernment objectives through(MINTEC Working Group 8)participation in the National CoastalEvaluation of relevant issues fromCommittee (MINTEC Working GroupMunicipal Coastal Committees (MCC’s)8)Establish andand the KZN PCC to NCCstrengthenFormally appoint KZN PCC membersinstitutionalpartnerships andStrengthen and support ProvincialConvene and record quarterly KZN PCCmechanisms forand Municipal Coastal CommitteesmeetingsICM to facilitateProvincial representation and supportbetter managementto MCC’sIdentify key focus areas in need of subEstablish strategic PCC subcommittees with Terms of Reference committee supportspecific to improve governance and Develop TOR for (1) MPA liaison andICM implementation.(2) Estuarine sub-committeesBuild political and stakeholderDevelop and disseminate popularsupport for effective coastalmaterials to support themanagement in KZNimplementation of the KZN PCMPDevelop capacityCreate general awareness about the Continue to produce an annual coastaland promote publiccoast and coastal issues in KZN, innewsletter for KZN (Ulwandle)awareness andorder to change behaviour (linked toeducation forRoll-out interpretive and informativeunderstanding & appreciating theintegrated coastalsignage along the KZN coastvalue of the coast)managementUndertake a prioritised ICM training Needs analysis for ICM training in KZNand capacity developmentICM training workshops andprogrammeappropriate short courses convenedIdentification of KZN priority estuariesfor the development of estuarinemanagement plansEnsure management of estuaries in Develop KZN estuary breaching policyUndertakeaccordance with the NationalDevelop estuarine management planestuarinefor the Kongweni Estuarymanagement which Estuarine Management Protocoloptimises the valueDevelop estuarine management plansof these systems onfor the Tongati and Mahlongwaa sustainable basisestuariesVisual assessment of estuarine statusLong-term monitoring of estuariesPhysical monitoring of priorityestuariesDevelop and implement water qualityAssessment of coastal water quality inMinimise theimprovement programmes forKZNimpacts of pollutionprioritised coastal areasand waste on theSupport to the development of oil andhealth of coastalDevelop and implement pollutionhazard spill contingency plans forcommunities andcoastal ecosystems control measures using best practice sections of the KZN coast not coveredby existing plansIdentification of indicators for State ofthe Coast reportingMonitor the StateDevelop State of the Coast (SoC)Reporting on the state of the KZNof the Coast (SoC)Report for KZNcoastal environmentand promoteDevelop a strategy for coastalcompliance withmonitoring and reportingcoastal and otherUndertake aerial inspection surveys ofregulationsthe coastlineLong-term coastal monitoringShoreline change monitoringPerformance indicatorListing (gazetting) of public launch sites inKZNAnnual boat launch sites reportBaseline mapping of KZN coastal accessVerification of coastal access in KZNBest practice guideline for developing inthe coastal zoneList of priority areas/zones for protection(special management areas) provided toDEALive, interactive Information-sharing portalKZN coastal management research strategyGazetted coastal management lines for KZNFramework for implementation of CML’sGazetted coastal management lines for KZNestuariesIdentified hot spots for coastalrehabilitationOfficial letter of nomination issued by Headof DepartmentList of evaluated issues elevated toWorking Group 8Official letters of appointment issued byMECRecords of quarterly KZN PCC meetingsEDTEA representative nominated for eachMCCTerms of reference for at least two subcommittees finalised and first meetingsheldKZN PCMP summary distributed tostakeholders and politiciansAnnual coastal newsletterNumber of interpretative and informativesignage boards along the KZN coastAnnual needs analysis report developed1 dedicated ICM training course per yearList of priority estuaries for thedevelopment of estuarine managementplansKZN estuary breaching policyEstuarine management plan for theKongweni EstuaryEstuarine management plans for theTongati and Mahlongwa estuariesA three-yearly report with annual updatesAnnual report of coastal water quality inKZNOil and hazard spill contingency plansList of indicators for State of the CoastreportingSoC Report completedProvincial SoC monitoring and reportingimplementation plan developedReports on inspection surveys to informcompliance and enforcementAnnual data update report2017 / 2018 / 2019 / 2020 / 2021 /2018 2019 2020 2021 2022

ImplementationImplementation of the PCMP is driven by the KZN Department of Economic Development, Tourism andEnvironmental Affairs. This includes commitment to meeting the priorities, objectives and actions outlined as wellas various relevant national drivers such as the National Development Plan, the National CMP and OperationPhakisa.The KZN coastal environment is unique and complex to manage. The PCMP is therefore intended to function as anintegrative planning and policy instrument, guiding the management of a diverse array of activities within the KZNcoastal zone, without compromising environmental integrity or economic development. In this context, however,the PCMP acknowledges the important role that MCMP’s and the iSimangaliso Integrated Management Plan mustplay in managing the coastal zone at the local level. The PCMP further recognises the respective mandates ofDAFF, DEA, DMR, DPW, DWS and Ezemvelo KZN Wildlife in contributing to the overall management of the KZNcoastal zone.Dune erosion at Thukela Beach(Bronwyn Goble)iii

Umgeni Estuary and Blue Lagoon recreational node(Bronwyn Goble)

CONTENTSEXECUTIVE SUMMARYiTABLE OF CONTENTSvLIST OF FIGURESviiLIST OF TABLESviiLIST OF ACRONYMSixGLOSSARY OF TERMSx1INTRODUCTION11.1Background11.2Value of the coast11.3Context of Coastal Management Programmes21.3.1The Importance of Coastal Management Programmes21.4Purpose of Provincial Coastal Management Programme (PCMP) for KZN21.4.1Outcomes of the Coastal Management Programme31.5The KZN Coastal Management Programme development process31.6Framework for Integrated Coastal Management42SITUATION ASSESSMENT72.1The KZN coastal zone72.2Geography72.2.1uMkhanyakude District Municipality82.2.2King Cetshwayo District Municipality82.2.3iLembe District Municipality82.2.4eThekwini Metropolitan82.2.5Ugu District Municipality92.3The physical coastal 2.3.4Temperature102.3.5Sunshine and cloudiness102.4Geology and Geomorphology102.5Physical Oceanography112.5.1Bathymetry112.5.2The Agulhas Current112.5.3Tides122.5.4Sea temperatures and salinity12v

vi2.5.5Wave and swell regimes122.6Coastal and marine ecosystems122.6.1Coastal vegetation and dunes132.6.2Sandy shores132.6.3Estuaries162.6.4Coastal Lakes172.6.5Mangroves172.6.6Wetlands172.6.7Rocky Shores182.6.8Subtidal Reefs182.6.9Subtidal Soft Sediments192.6.10Marine Protected Areas (MPAs)202.7Socio-Economic Considerations202.7.1Coastal Economy232.7.2Coastal population and settlement patterns232.7.3Coastal Access242.7.4Climate change252.7.5Coastal erosion252.7.6Land and marine-based sources of pollution252.8Towards a KZN vision and objectives for a healthy coastal environment282.9Status of coastal management units and boundaries282.10Coastal spatial planning and conditions of use302.10.1Special management areas312.10.2Estuaries312.10.3Coastal planning schemes312.11Status of activity-based management programmes312.12State of the Coast Reporting332.13Progress in cooperative governance332.13.1Formal institutional arrangements342.13.2Informal support elements342.13.3Data and information management systems342.13.4Awareness, education and training342.13.5Financing mechanisms352.13.6Scientific research support to ICM352.13.7Coordinated compliance and enforcement systems353ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES FOR ICM373.1Mandatory roles and responsibilities374VISION AND PRIORITIES414.1Vision for the KZN coast41

4.1.1Principles underpinning the vision for the KZN coast414.2KZN priorities for ICM425GOALS, OBJECTIVES AND ACTIONS455.1Priority Area: Coastal access455.2Priority Area: Coastal and marine planning455.3Priority Area: Coastal information and research455.4Priority Area: Coastal vulnerability: adaptation and building resilient communities465.5Priority Area: Cooperative governance465.6Priority Area: Education, awareness and training465.7Priority Area: Estuarine management475.8Priority Area: Land and marine-based sources of pollution475.9Priority Area: Monitoring, compliance and NCES55LIST OF FIGURESFigure 1:Process for the development of the PCMP4Figure 2:Map of KZN showing geographical demarcations7Figure 3:Types of estuaries found along the KZN Coast (Data from SANBI, 2011)14Figure 4:Status of KZN estuaries (Data from SANBI, 201115Figure 5:Current and Proposed MPAs in KZN19Figure 6:KZN mining and prospecting rights over the EEZ22Figure 7:Population density of KZN23Figure 8:Coastal access density and boat launch sites along the KZN coast24Figure 9:Schematic representation of the Coastal Zone29Figure 10:ICM priority areas42LIST OF TABLESTable 1:Sugar cane cultivation (2000 vs 2010)21Table 2:Estuaries (north to south) in KZN which show evidence of sand mining pressure22Table 3:Planning processes and legislation governing these30Table 4:Activities and the Acts that govern these31Table 5:Roles and Responsibilities of National Government37Table 6:Roles and Responsibilities of Provincial Government38Table 7:Roles and Responsibilities of Local Government39Table 8:Summary of proposed implementation timing for50vii

Nymphaea - aquatic floating water lily(Fiona MacKay)

LIST OF at Launch Site Monitoring SystemCoastal Management LineCoastal Management ProgrammeKZN Department of Cooperative Governance and Traditional AffairsCoastal public propertyCoastal protection zoneCouncil for Scientific and Industrial ResearchDepartment of Agriculture, Forestry & FisheriesDepartment of Environmental AffairsDistrict MunicipalityDepartment of Mineral ResourcesDepartment of Public WorksDepartment of Water and SanitationKZN Department of Economic Development, Tourism and Environmental AffairsExclusive economic zoneEzemvelo KZN WildlifeGross Domestic ProductHigh-water markIntegrated Coastal ManagementIntegrated Development PlanKwaZulu-NatalLocal MunicipalityMunicipal Coastal CommitteeMunicipal Coastal Management ProgrammeMarine Protected AreaNational Coastal Management ProgrammeNational Environmental Management ActNational Research FoundationProvincial Coastal CommitteeProvincial Coastal Management ProgrammeDepartment of Rural Development and Land ReformSouth African Association for Marine Biological ResearchSouth African Local Government AssociationSouth African Maritime Safety AuthoritySouth African Network for Coastal and Oceanic ResearchStrategic Environmental AssessmentState of the CoastSpatial Development Frameworkix

GLOSSARY OF TERMS“Admiralty reserve” Means any strip of land adjoining the inland side of the high-water mark which,when the ICM Act took effect, was state land reserved or designated on an officialplan, deed of grant, title deed or other document evidencing title or land-userights as admiralty reserve, government reserve, beach reserve, coastal forestreserve or other similar reserve.“Best Practice” Is a technique or methodology that, through experience and research, has provento reliably lead to a desired result. A commitment to using the best practices inany field is a commitment to using all the knowledge and technology at one'sdisposal to ensure success.“Biodiversity Act” Means the National Environmental Management: Biodiversity Act (10 of 2004).“Biodiversity” or “biological Has the same meaning ascribed to it in the Biodiversity Act.diversity”“Coastal access land” Means land designated as coastal access land in terms of section 18(1), read withsection 26 of the ICM Act.“Coastal activities” Means activities listed or specified in terms of Chapter 5 of the NationalEnvironmental Management Act which take place (a) in the coastal zone; or (b)outside the coastal zone but have or are likely to have a direct impact on thecoastal zo

The KZN coastal environment is unique and complex to manage. The PCMP is therefore intended to function as an integrative planning and policy instrument, guiding the management of a diverse array of activities within the KZN coastal zone, without compromising environmental int