Mark Scheme (Results) Summer 2019 - NH Papers

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Mark Scheme (Results)Summer 2019Pearson International Advanced Subsidiary LevelIn Chemistry (WCH11) Paper 01 Structure,Bonding and Introduction to Organic Chemistry

Edexcel and BTEC QualificationsEdexcel and BTEC qualifications come from Pearson, the world’s leading learning company. Weprovide a wide range of qualifications including academic, vocational, occupational and specificprogrammes for employers. For further information, please visit our website at www.edexcel.com.Our website subject pages hold useful resources, support material and live feeds from our subjectadvisors giving you access to a portal of information. If you have any subject specific questionsabout this specification that require the help of a subject specialist, you may find our Ask TheExpert email service helpful.www.edexcel.com/contactusPearson: helping people progress, everywhereOur aim is to help everyone progress in their lives through education. We believe in every kindof learning, for all kinds of people, wherever they are in the world. We’ve been involved ineducation for over 150 years, and by working across 70 countries, in 100 languages, we havebuilt an international reputation for our commitment to high standards and raising achievementthrough innovation in education. Find out more about how we can help you and your studentsat: www.pearson.com/ukSummer 2019Publications Code WCH11 01 1906 MSAll the material in this publication is copyright Pearson Education Ltd 2019

General Marking Guidance All candidates must receive the same treatment. Examiners must mark the firstcandidate in exactly the same way as they mark the last. Mark schemes should be applied positively. Candidates must be rewarded for whatthey have shown they can do rather than penalised for omissions. Examiners should mark according to the mark scheme not according to theirperception of where the grade boundaries may lie. There is no ceiling on achievement. All marks on the mark scheme should be usedappropriately. All the marks on the mark scheme are designed to be awarded. Examiners shouldalways award full marks if deserved, i.e. if the answer matches the mark scheme.Examiners should also be prepared to award zero marks if the candidate’s responseis not worthy of credit according to the mark scheme. Where some judgement is required, mark schemes will provide the principles bywhich marks will be awarded and exemplification may be limited. When examiners are in doubt regarding the application of the mark scheme to acandidate’s response, the team leader must be consulted. Crossed out work should be marked UNLESS the candidate has replaced it with analternative response. Mark schemes will indicate within the table where, and which strands of QWC, arebeing assessed. The strands are as follows:i) ensure that text is legible and that spelling, punctuation and grammar are accurateso that meaning is clearii) select and use a form and style of writing appropriate to purpose and to complexsubject matteriii) organise information clearly and coherently, using specialist vocabulary whenappropriate

Using the Mark SchemeExaminers should look for qualities to reward rather than faults to penalise. This does NOTmean giving credit for incorrect or inadequate answers, but it does mean allowing candidatesto be rewarded for answers showing correct application of principles and knowledge.Examiners should therefore read carefully and consider every response: even if it is not whatis expected it may be worthy of credit.The mark scheme gives examiners: an idea of the types of response expected how individual marks are to be awarded the total mark for each question examples of responses that should NOT receive credit./ means that the responses are alternatives and either answer should receive full credit.( ) means that a phrase/word is not essential for the award of the mark, but helps theexaminer to get the sense of the expected answer.Phrases/words in bold indicate that the meaning of the phrase or the actual word is essentialto the answer.ecf/TE/cq (error carried forward) means that a wrong answer given in an earlier part of aquestion is used correctly in answer to a later part of the same question.Candidates must make their meaning clear to the examiner to gain the mark. Make sure thatthe answer makes sense. Do not give credit for correct words/phrases which are put togetherin a meaningless manner. Answers must be in the correct context.Quality of Written CommunicationQuestions which involve the writing of continuous prose will expect candidates to: write legibly, with accurate use of spelling, grammar and punctuation in order to make themeaning clear select and use a form and style of writing appropriate to purpose and to complex subjectmatter organise information clearly and coherently, using specialist vocabulary when appropriate.Full marks will be awarded if the candidate has demonstrated the above abilities.Questions where QWC is likely to be particularly important are indicated (QWC) in the markscheme, but this does not preclude others.

Section A (multiple choice)QuestionNumber1AnswerThe only correct answer is C (it has a molecular structure)Mark(1)A is not correct because aqueous sodium chloride solution conducts electricityB is not correct because molten sodium chloride conducts electricityD is not correct because sodium chloride has a giant structureQuestionNumber2AnswerThe only correct answer is B (H‒F)Mark(1)A is not correct because the molecule is not polarC is not correct because chlorine is less electronegative than fluorineD is not correct because bromine is less electronegative than fluorineQuestionNumber3AnswerThe only correct answer is D (two nuclei and a shared pair of electrons)A is not correct because this describes ionic bondingB is not correct because this describes metallic bondingC is not correct because electrons do not attract one anotherMark(1)

QuestionNumber4AnswerThe only correct answer is C (bonds are polar, molecule is non-polar)Mark(1)A is not correct because the molecule is non-polarB is not correct because the C F bonds are polar and the molecule is non-polarD is not correct because the C F bonds are polarQuestionNumber5AnswerThe only correct answer is C (Mg2 and O2 )Mark(1)A is not correct because these ions are singly chargedB is not correct because these ions are singly chargedD is not correct because these ions are largerQuestionNumber6AnswerThe only correct answer is B (TiCl2 )A is not correct because the mole ratio is 1:2 not 1:1C is not correct because the mole ratio is 1:2 not 1:3D is not correct because this is not an empirical formulaMark(1)

QuestionNumber7AnswerThe only correct answer is B (12C )Mark(1)A is not correct because this has not been used since the beginning of the last centuryC is not correct because the isotope should be 12CD is not correct because this has not been used since 1961QuestionNumber8AnswerThe only correct answer is A (atoms always contain the same number of protons and electrons )Mark(1)B is not correct because many atoms have different numbers of protons and neutronsC is not correct because electrons do not have a relative mass of 1D is not correct because protons have a charge of 1QuestionNumberAnswer9Mark(1)The only correct answer is A ()B is not correct because first ionisation energies decrease down Group 1C is not correct because first ionisation energies decrease more quickly at the startD is not correct because first ionisation energies decrease down Group 1, with no increases

QuestionNumber10AnswerThe only correct answer is D (number of neutrons )Mark(1)A is not correct because one atom would be in an excited stateB is not correct because one would be an ionC is not correct because these would be different elementsQuestionNumberAnswer11Mark(1)The only correct answer is D ()A is not correct because this shows only one molecular ion peakB is not correct because this shows only one molecular ion peakC is not correct because this shows three molecular ion peaks in the wrong relative abundances

QuestionNumber12AnswerThe only correct answer is B (28.2)Mark(1)A is not correct because 28.0 is the mode of these valuesC is not correct because the relative abundance at 28 has not been properly taken into accountD is not correct because 29.0 is the median of these valuesQuestionNumberAnswer13The only correct answer is B (A (g) A2 (g) e )Mark(1)A is not correct because this shows the first plus the second ionisationC is not correct because this shows the third ionisationD is not correct because this shows the third plus the fourth ionisationQuestionNumber14AnswerThe only correct answer is A (of giant covalent structures are the highest in Period 2 and Period 3 )B is not correct because the giant covalent structures have the highest melting temperaturesC is not correct because there is not a regular pattern in each groupD is not correct because melting temperatures increase then decrease within each PeriodMark(1)

QuestionNumber15AnswerThe only correct answer is A (1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 )Mark(1)B is not correct because the wrong electron has been removedC is not correct because this is the electronic structure of the atomD is not correct because this is the electronic configuration of a Sc3- ionQuestionNumber16AnswerThe only correct answer is D (1,2-dichloro-4-methylpentane)Mark(1)A is not correct because the chlorine atoms are added to each end of the double bondB is not correct because the chlorine is numbered lower than the methyl groupC is not correct because the chlorine atoms are added to each end of the double bondQuestionNumber17AnswerThe only correct answer is B (heterolytic )A is not correct because this is not a type of bond breakingC is not correct because this would form radicalsD is not correct because the bond is covalentMark(1)

QuestionNumber18AnswerThe only correct answer is C (steam and acid catalyst )Mark(1)A is not correct because this would produce a diolB is not correct because this would not reactD is not correct because an acid catalyst is neededQuestionNumber19AnswerThe only correct answer is B (cis and Z )Mark(1)A is not correct because E is incorrectC is not correct because trans and E are not correctD is not correct because trans is incorrectQuestionNumberAnswer20Mark(1)The only correct answer is A ()B is not correct because this is the minor productC is not correct because this is a product with pent-2-eneD is not correct because this is a product with pent-2-ene

Section BQuestionNumber21 (a)AnswerAdditional guidanceMark(1) all correct state symbolsMgCO3(s) 2HCl(aq) MgCl2(aq) H2O(l) CO2(g)Allow capital lettersIgnore extra brackets

QuestionNumber21 (b)(i)AnswerAdditional guidanceMarkExample of graph:(3)80Volume (of gas) / cm370 suitable choice of scale so that the points cover at least50% of the grid in both directionsand correct choice of axes i.e. mass on x axis, suitablylabelled including units(1) all points plotted correctly (within ½ square)(1) straight line of best fit (passes through the origin)(1)60504030201000.000.100.200.30Mass (of MgCO3) / gAllow no originAllow units in brackets e.g. (g) instead of / gAny extrapolated line should pass within 2 squaresof origin.Straight best fit lines that are not extrapolated arenot penalised.If axes are the wrong way round, only MP1 ispenalised.

QuestionNumber21 (b)(ii)Answer 46 (cm3)Additional guidanceAllow 46.0(cm3)Mark(1)Ignore units even if incorrectQuestionNumber21(b)(iii)Answer 0.18 (g)Additional guidanceAccept answers from 0.17 (g) to 0.19 (g)Ignore SFTE on (b)(ii) and the graph,eg 54 (cm3) gives 0.215 (g)Ignore units even if incorrectMark(1)

QuestionNumber21 (b)(iv)AnswerAdditional guidanceMarkExample of calculation:(4) calculation of molar mass of magnesium carbonate(1)84.3OR expression used correctly:[24.3 12 (3 16)] calculation of moles of magnesium carbonate(1)n 0.18 84.3 0.0021352 / 2.1352 x 10 -3(mol) calculation of molar volume(1)46 0.0021352 21 543 / 2.1543 x 104 (cm3) 22 dm3 (mol-1) / 22 000 cm3 (mol-1)Or 21.5 dm3 (mol-1) / 21 500 cm3 (mol-1)TE on any reasonable pair of values obtainedfrom the candidates’ graph or table providedeg 54cm3 and 0.215(g) 2.5504 10-3 (mol) 21200 cm3 answer given to 2 or 3 SF and unitsM4 dependent on award of M3(1)Correct answer scores 4 marksFinal answer must not be given as a fraction toget MP4Ignore units except for MP4

QuestionNumber21 (b)(v)AnswerAdditional guidanceExample of calculation:(2) moles of magnesium carbonate and moles of acid in 30 cm3(1)n 0.25 / 84.3n 0.0029655 or 0.00297and1:2 stoichiometry 0.00593 (moles acid)Accept 0.00594 from 0.00297 calculation of minimum concentration with units(0.00593 / 30) 1000 0.198 mol dm-3(1)MarkAccept answers from0.198 to 0.200 mol dm-3Allow TE throughout e.g. Mr from 21(b)(iv)Ignore SFCorrect answer with no working scores 2

QuestionNumber21 (c)AnswerAdditional guidanceMarkAn answer that makes reference toany two of the following points:(2) loss of gas before the bung isinserted / other named reason(1)Do not allow “loss of gas” unless a reason is given eg delivery tube notpositioned correctly so not all goes into measuring cylinder, badly fitting bungIgnore leaks some carbon dioxide dissolvedin the water(1)Allow gas for carbon dioxide temperature of the lab waslower than standardtemperature.(1)Ignore higher pressureDo not award higher temperature / lower pressure / suck-backIgnore impurities in MgCO3Ignore incomplete reactionComment: Apply the list principle ie 1 correct answer and 1 do not award answer scores 1 2 correct answers and 1 do not award answer scores 1 2 correct answers and 2 do not award answers scores 0 2 correct answers and 1 ignore scores 2(Total for Question 21 14 marks)

QuestionNumber22 (a)(i)AnswerAdditional guidanceAn explanation that makes reference to the following points: the carbon dioxide released when the fuel isused/burnt/combusted (is equal)Ignore answers relating to fuel burnt ontransport affecting carbon neutrality / energyspent on processing and drying(1)MP1 do not award carbon for carbon dioxide(to the carbon dioxide that is) used/absorbed/taken in bythe plant/during photosynthesis(1)Marks are independentIgnore sustainable resourceIf no other marks awarded, for 1 mark:Accept “no net CO2 produced when using coffeegrounds as a fuel”Accept “carbon intake carbon release”Allow “renewable resource”Mark(2)

QuestionNumber22 (a)(ii)AnswerAdditional guidanceAn explanation that makes reference to the following points:Ignore answers relating to the consequences ofclimate change fossil fuels release carbon dioxide (that has been locked upfor millions of years) /carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas(1) increases the greenhouse effect /leads to global warming /causes temperature increase (and climate change)Ignore an explanation of the greenhouse effectIgnore CO2 is harmful(1)Marks are independentDo not award answers relating to: UV light ozone SO2 NOx methane as a product of burning carbon monoxide acid rainMark(2)

QuestionNumber22(b)(i)QuestionNumber22 (b)(ii)Answer Additional guidancecarbon monoxideAllow COIgnore unburnt hydrocarbonsDo not award carbonDo not award nitrogen oxidesAnswerAdditional guidance formulae(1)C8H18 12½O2 8CO2 9H2O balancing(1)Accept 12.5 and 25/2Allow multiplesMark(1)Mark(2)MP2 is dependent on MP1, but allow MP2 forcorrectly balanced equation for completecombustion of C8H16Ignore state symbols, even if incorrectIgnore references to energy on RHS eg E or Q orΔHQuestionNumber22 (c)(i)Answer crackingAdditional guidanceMark(1)

QuestionNumber22 (c)(ii)AnswerAdditional guidanceMP2 is dependent on a correct reagent for MP1 bromine water / bromine solution / Br2(aq)(1)Allow bromine / liquid bromineIgnore heatDo not award “in UV light”Do not award iodine yellow / orange / (red-)brown to colourless(1)Allow decolourises or “turns colourless”Accept:KMnO4 with acid / H scores 1 markpurple to colourless scores 1 mark(allow decolourises)AllowKMnO4 with alkali / OH– scores 1 markpurple green scores 1 markMark(2)

QuestionNumber22 (d)(i)AnswerAdditional guidanceMark(1) displayed equation for the polymerisation of etheneAccept 90 bond angles for the monomerAllow letters other than n if used on both sidesAllow square brackets around the polymerIgnore brackets around the monomerIgnore any names even if incorrectDo not award answers where the polymer does not have brackets the polymer continuation bonds do notpass through the brackets

QuestionNumber22 (d)(ii)Answer one advantageAdditional guidance(1) eg bananas are a renewable resource / more bananas can begrown / crude oil is running out / limited supply of crude oilIgnore references to:eco-friendly / carbon neutral / does not pollute / cleanenvironment / idea of ethene produced by bananas does notpollute / banana skin being biodegradable / sustainableDo not award ”no shortage of bananas” one disadvantage(1)eg many bananas would be needed to produce a small amountof plastic / bananas only produce a small quantities of ethene / itwould take a long time / loss of food source / less land availablefor growing food / not economically viable / only grow in certainclimates / bananas would need to be transported long distances/ banana transport would burn fossil fuels / inefficient processIgnore references to cost and biopolymersDo not award polythene is non-biodegradable impure ethene is producedMark(2)

QuestionNumber22 (e)(i)Answer (HCl is) toxic / corrosiveAdditional guidanceAllow poisonousAllow irritantIgnore acidicIgnore harmfulIgnore damageDo not award: acid rain ozone depletion global warming greenhouse gas chlorine is toxic flammableMark(1)

QuestionNumber22 (e)(ii)Answer use of basic/alkaline (scrubbers) / form a ppt/salt/solidAdditional guidanceAllow named examples of basic/alkalinechemicals e.g. NH3, NaOH, CaCO3 etcMark(1)Scrubbers alone is insufficientorinjection of powdered activated carbon (to the flue)Accept adsorption in granular activated carbonor coke bedsorpass through water / dissolve the HCl in waterAllow dissolve in steamIgnore fractional distillation of gasesDo not award general descriptions of recycling(Total for Question 22 15 marks)

QuestionNumber23 (a)AnswerA sketch showing: two atoms with high electron density and asymmetrical cloud around bothAdditional guidancee.g.Mark(1)At least one separate circle around each atomandat least one contour line with an indentation above andbelow the axis and circling both atoms ieis the minimumAllow nuclei shown as signsAllow dashed contour lines

QuestionNumber23 (b)AnswerAdditional guidanceCHECK THE ANSWER LINE ON BOTTOM RIGHTCORNER! (as well as angles on diagram)A diagram that includes: shape of H2O(1)Allow dot-cross diagrams if in the correct shapeAllow 3D representations showing lone pairsIgnore the presence of lone/bonding pairs ofelectronsIgnore charges or partial charges even ifincorrectDo not award double bonds bond angle(1)Accept bond angle from 104o to 105 oAllow bond angle labelled correctly on diagramDo not award M2 if one correct and oneincorrect bond angle statedMark(2)

QuestionNumber23 (c)(i)AnswerAdditional guidanceA diagram that includes: phosphorus singly covalently bonded to three chlorineatoms and three lone pairs on each chlorineMark(2)(1)phosphorus doubly bonded to an oxygen atom and twolone pairs on the oxygenorORa dative covalent bond from the phosphorus and three lonepairs on the oxygen(1)Penalise absence of lone pairs once onlyAllow lone pairs to appear as separate electronsAllow any representation of electrons butelectrons in a dative covalent bond must appearto be the same

QuestionNumber23 (c)(ii)AnswerAdditional guidanceAn answer that makes reference to the following points:Mark(3) (based on) tetrahedron / tetrahedral (arrangement)(1)MP1 can be given for a 3-D diagram four regions of bonding electrons(1)Accept 5 bonding pairs, where two (in doublebond) behave as one.Allow 4 bonding pairsAllow phosphorous bonds to 4 other atoms adopt the positions of minimum repulsion(1)Accept repel to maximum separationAllow maximise the distance between thebonding pairsAllow to achieve lowest (potential) energy stateIgnore to become most stableDo not award maximum repulsionIgnore bond angles throughoutIgnore lone pairs throughout

QuestionNumber23 (d)(i)AnswerAdditional guidanceA diagram that includes:The diagram must include at least four ions intwo rows positive (2 ) ions / cations(1) surrounded by randomly arranged delocalised electronswith approximately equal positive and negative charges(1)Accept 1 ionsAccept close packed ionsAllow 1/ 2 (oxidation state instead of charge)Accept reference to “sea of electrons”Allow “e” or “‒” to represent electronsIgnore “electron cloud”Mark(2)

QuestionNumber23 (d)(ii)AnswerAdditional guidanceAn explanation that makes reference to the following points:Mark(3)Electrical conductivity: the electrons can flow (under a potential difference)(1)High melting temperature: strong force of attraction between the (positive) ions andelectrons(1)Accept “move”Accept “carry charge/current”Allow “mobile”“Delocalised electrons” alone is insufficientAllow bond strength instead of force ofattractionAllow metallic bonds are strongDo not award protons instead of cationsDo not award negative ions instead of electronsDo not award strong intermolecular bondsMalleability: the ions can slide past each other (while still being heldtogether by the electrons)(1)Accept ions can move over each otherAllow atoms/layers slide over each otherIgnore “mobile ions”

QuestionNumber23 (e)(i)AnswerAdditional guidanceAn explanation that makes reference to the following points:Mark(4) diamond is hard and graphite is soft(1) because diamond has a rigid lattice / weak forces betweenthe layers in graphite (allow the layers to slide over oneanother)(1)Ignore strong in place of hardAccept “diamond has covalent bonds in a 3Dstructure”Ignore diamond has a tetrahedral structureAccept that electrons are free to move ingraphite graphite conducts (electricity) and diamond does not(1) because graphite has delocalised electrons (which are freeto move) / diamond does not(1)Allow free electronsMarks are independent. I.e. Comments onproperties without comparison score 2 for MP2and MP4.Ignore additional properties e.g. meltingtemperature

QuestionNumber23 (e)(ii)Answer single layer / monolayerAdditional guidanceAccept “one atom thick layer”Allow “graphene is one layer of graphite” or“individual layer of graphite”Ignore references to the structures and bondingof graphite and grapheneDo not award “thin sheet of graphite”NB Assume “it” refers to grapheneMark(1)

QuestionNumber23 (e)(iii)AnswerAdditional guidance potential use(1) (use linked to) at least one property(1)Examples: flexible electronicsas only one atom thick or conducts electricity transparent electrodes scoresas only one atom thick or conducts electricity oxidation resistant layeras is unreactive data storageas is lightweight or conducts electricity or is durableorororMarks are independent but to score 2, the property must have aplausible link to the named applicationIgnore lubricantIgnore used as electric wiresSee notes on next pageDo not award reference to: pencils as a use making carbon brushes as a use electrodes as a use (without a small size reference) layers as a propertyMark(2)

Example uses of Graphene(non-exhaustive!)added to other materials e.g. drill tips, roads, bullet proof clothing,body armourheat sinks e.g. thermal foils for mobile phonescoatings on spacecraftmicroelectronics(small) batteriessupercapacitorsenhancing fuel cellsnon-stick coatings e.g. do not allow just “frying pan”anti-corrosion coatings or paints e.g. for self-healing pipes, NB do notallow “aeroplanes” or “industrial equipment” without qualificationefficient and precise sensorsfaster electronicsmicro electrodesflexible displaystouchscreens / mobile (phone) screensolar panels / photo(voltaic) cellsmaking nanotubescompositesmicrotubules or microfibres in drug delivery / medicinelow friction coatingsused to make electric wiresProperties of graphene thinflexibletransparentoxidation resistantreduces friction between surfaceslow densityhigh melting pointdurablestrongthermal conductorelectrical conductorcan be made into nanotubes(Total for Question 23 20 marks)

QuestionNumber24(a)Answer correct equationAdditional guidance2NaN3 2Na 3N2Accept NaN3 Na 1.5N2Accept NaN3 Na 3/2 N2Allow multiplesIgnore state symbols even if incorrectDo not award Na2Mark(1)

QuestionNumber24(b)AnswerAdditional guidance conversion of volume m3(1) V 0.12 m3 conversion of temperature to K(1) correct substitution into the equation / rearrangement ofthe equation(1)T 298 KAccept 298.15K101000 0.12 n 8.31 298n 101000 0.12 / 8.31 298or n PV/RT calculation of n for N2(1)n 4.89(424) calculation of n for NaN3 (2:3)(1)n 4.89 2/3 3.2628 calculation of mass to 2 or 3 SF(1)Mr (NaN3) 65m 3.26 65 212.08 (g) 212 (g) (210 to 2SF)Correct answer scores 6Do not award incorrect units for MP6TE throughout318 (g) or 320 (g) scores 5317.8(5) (g) scores 40.32 (g) scores 4Mark(6)

QuestionNumber24(c)(i)AnswerAdditional guidanceExample of calculation: quoting or using atom economy formula(1)molar mass desired product . 100%sum of all product molar massesOR28. 100%[(39.1 2) 16] [5 (23 2) 16] [14 2] calculation of total molar masses of reactants orproducts(1)432.2Allow 432TE on incorrect numerical atom economy expression if39.1, 16, 23 and 14 are in the denominator and correctlyused calculation of atom economy to 2 or 3 SF(28.0 432.2) 100 6.4785 6.5 / 6.48(%)(1)TE on incorrect quoted molar massesCorrect answer scores 3Correct answer to 2 or 3 SF scores 2Penalise omission of 100% once onlyMark(3)

QuestionNumber24(c)(ii)Answer neutralisationAdditional guidanceAllow acid-baseMark(1)(Total for Question 24 11 marks)Total for Section B 60 MARKS

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Aug 15, 2019 · Mark Scheme (Results) Summer 2019 Pearson International Advanced Subsidiary Level In Chemistry (WCH11) Paper 01 Structure, . perception of where the grade boundaries may lie. There is no ceiling on achievement. All marks on the mark scheme should be used appropriately. All th

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