Forensic Science-Unit 6 Blood Spatter

Forensic Science-Unit 6Blood SpatterPacket #3Ms. WinesApril 24th-May 15th

IF YOU LEARN ANY THING FROMTHIS UNIT, KNOW THAT IT IS 1

Assignments:1. Blood Basic Notes2. Sam Shepard Case3. “A ‘Bloody’ Mess: The use of Blood Evidence in Criminal Cases” Worksheet4. Lab Experiment #7: Microscopic Analysis of Blood: Human vs. Animal Worksheet5. What TYPE of Blood is it? Worksheet6. What’s Your Blood Type? Don’t know; research some ways that you could find out!7. Quiz: Blood Types8. Blood Spatter Notes9. Video: Science of Murder: Blood Spatter10. Video: Blood Pattern Analysis Worksheet11. Classify the Bloodstain Pattern Worksheet12. Video: Forensic File: Invisible Intruder; Worksheet13. Case Study: The Ludwig Tessnow Case; Write-up14. Case Study: How did Phil Beardman Die? Worksheet15. Blood Basics Quiz2

Instructions: Take NOTES. Notes are available on google classroom under Unit 6Blood BasicsWhat is the difference?Angles Velocities and surfacesTARGET SURFACE TEXTURE droplets thatlinoleum flooring take on a slightlydifferent appearance. Notice the(scalloping) aroundthe edge of the blood droplets. i.e. the outer edge of thedroplet, resembling a scallop shell.3

Sam Sheppard CaseRead pages 317-318 (Article is attached below) and 1. Summarize the evidence.2. Think about the importance of blood evidence being more than just ID ofsomeone's blood type3. Direction of travel, angle of impact, position of origin, blood drops and speed atimpactHow Marilyn was murdered is indisputable: sometime in the pre-dawn hours of July 4,1954, Dr. Sheppard's wife, four months pregnant with their second child, was savagelybeaten to death in the couple's bedroom, struck twenty-seven times in the head and thirtyfive times in all, with a blunt-force weapon, while the Sheppards' son, Chip, slept soundlynext door. Her injuries were horrifying: a broken nose and shattered skull, terrible crescentshaped gashes on her forehead and scalp, a fingernail on her left hand nearly torn from thecuticle, and two incisors broken or else ripped out when she bit her attacker. There wasevidence of a sexual assault: her pajama top had been pushed up around her neck, thebottom left dangling from her right leg. The room was haloed in blood from sheets toceiling, headboard to mattress, the walls splattered except for a space off to the side of thebed where her killer stood, his clothes absorbing the spray, his weapon spewing more bloodeach time his arm was raised. As to motive, there was evidence downstairs of a robbery:drawers were pulled from cabinets and Dr. Sam's medical bag was overturned. His watch,signet ring, and keychain, along with several other items, had been stashed in a green duffelbag that was discovered on the property. Yet there seemed to be something personal aboutthe burglary, more akin to vandalism than theft: several of the couple's sporting trophies'figureheads1, for example, had been broken off, as if in spite. At the same time, the homehad been rifled too neatly, as if the robbery itself had been staged. Most mysteriously andsuspiciously, only the items in the green duffel bag were taken from the home; Marilyn'swristwatch had been left behind in the study, along with her husband's wallet, with a 1000check and cash inside.What makes up our blood? RED BLOOD CELLS (Erythrocytes) –4

WHITE BLOOD CELLS (Leukocytes) – PLASMA – PLATELETS (Thrombocytes) –Blood FactsThe average has about liters of blood inside of their body, whichmakes up of their body .is living that carries and nutrients to all parts of thebody, and carries and other waste products back to the lungs, kidneysand liver for . It also fights against and helps heal, so we can stay healthy.There are about one red blood cells in drops ofblood. For every red blood cells, there are about 40 platelets and white cell.Genetics of Blood Types Your blood is established before you are , byspecific inherited from your parents. You inherit one gene from your and one from your. These genes determine your blood type by causingcalled to exist on the of all ofyour red blood cells.What are blood types?There are 3 alleles or genes for blood type: .Since we have 2 genes, there are possible combinations.5

types.cfmHow common is your blood type?%38.8%%3.9%6

Blood TransfusionsA is a procedure in which blood is given to a patient through anintravenous (IV) line in one of the blood vessels. Blood transfusions are done to bloodlost during surgery or a serious injury. A transfusion also may be done if a person’s bodymake blood properly because of an .Who can give you blood?People with blood are calledDonors, because they cangive blood to blood type.Universal DonorPeople with blood are calledUniversal , because they canany blood type.Rh Can receive or -Universal RecipientRh - Can only receive –Rh Factors Scientists sometimes studyto learn more about the human becausethere are certain similarities between thespecies. While studying Rhesus monkeys, ablood protein was discovered. This protein is also presentin the blood of some people. Other people, however, donot have the protein. The presence of the , or lack of it, is referredto as the (for Rhesus) factor. If your blood does the protein, your blood issaid to be Rh positive (Rh ). If your blood doesthe protein, your blood is said to be Rh negative (Rh-).Blood Evidence Blood samples –7

Blood droplets – Blood spatter –“A ‘Bloody’ Mess: The use of Blood Evidence in Criminal Cases”The Worksheet and Article are attached below.Instructions: Read through the introduction Complete “Changes in Blood” Read: “Looking at Red Blood Cells Under the Microscope;” And then answer the following questions1- Why would the body produce more red blood cells in low Oxygen conditions?2- Is this a benefit? Why or why not?3- Forensically, How could this knowledge help8

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Lab Experiment #7: Microscopic Analysis of Blood: Human vs. AnimalBelow is the worksheet that goes with the following photos:Instructions: Complete the Worksheet “Lab Experiment #7: Microscopic Analysis of Blood:Human vs. Animal” given the pictures provided.You must choose 1 animal blood slide to draw, make sure that you give a complete microscopediagram; which includes your name, specimen name, magnification (listed on the worksheet),and scale (this was not included on your worksheet, use 10 µm).Additionally, answer Part II: Related Questions.10

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What TYPE of Blood is it?Instructions: Read and complete activity 5-4 and 5-5 (use the chart providednbelow if you arestill confused about the compatibility of blood types) Answer questions (Related Queries) 1 and 2 Read and Complete “Related Case Study Exercise:”-Questions are in the lastparagraph of the article and also listed below.1- How many people were involved?2- What were the course of events that may have occurred?3- Who (identify) is the suspect, who is presumed to have committed thismurder?4- Give a small diagram of your analysis of this scenario.12

Emma.berthold@science.org.au. “Why Are Some Blood Types Incompatible with Others?”Curious, 4 June 2018, -some-blood-typesincompatible-others.13

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eos-comedyAnonymous. “Blood Type Chart And Compatibility GIF.” Gfycat, 27 Aug. -comedy.What’s Your Blood Type? Don’t know; research some ways that youcould find out!Instructions: if you know your blood type, just list it. If not research on how you could find outyour blood, and write 1-2 sentences informing me about you found.17

Quiz: Blood Types1. Blood types are determined by the protein located ona) All of the blood cellsb) Only the white blood cellsc) Only the T-helper cellsd) Only the red blood cells2. Blood proteins that determine blood types area) On the surface of the membraneb) Inside the cytoplasmc) Both on the cell membrane and inside the of the cytoplasmd) Found in the bone marrow3. If a person has type A- blood, then they havea) Only the A proteinb) Both the A and Rh proteinsc) All three blood proteinsd) The Rh protein but not the A or B proteins4. If a person has O blood, then they havea) The A and B protein, but lack the Rh proteinb) An O protein but not the Rh proteinc) None of the ABO nor the Rh proteinsd) The Rh protein but not the A or the B proteins18

Instructions: Take NOTES. Notes are available on google classroom under Unit 6Blood SpatterWarm up Carl was attacked by an alligator while swimming in the pool at the water park. He lost alarge amount of blood and needed a transfusion, after arriving at the hospital he was givena bag of blood labeled B . Later the nurse tested his blood type and he was AB-.Is Carl able to accept B blood? Explain.Spatter, NOT Splatter!Bugs splatterBlood spatters When a wound is inflicted and leaves the body, a blood-spatter patternmay be .A stain or drop of blood does not constitute a .A blood spatter can help the series of events surrounding a, , or .19

History of Blood Spatter – Pitoroski wrote the earliest reference to blood spatter 1939 – Balthazard first researcher to of spatter pattern 1955 – blood spatter evidence used in the case, helping tohim – Dr. Herbert McDonnell used blood-spatter analysis as in forensicexaminationAnalysisGiven blood-spatter patterns, it is possible to determine Did you ever wonder why blood forms droplets as it fallsfrom the wound?Why doesn’t it separate in the air before it hits the ground oran object?Answer –.20

Properties of Blood : pulls it to ground– Droplet becomes than Cohesion: blood mixture is to similar bloodand sticks together, not , as it falls– Causes droplet to stay : attractive forces of twodifferent objects– starts as becauseof adhesion Surface Tension: the likeproperty of the surface of thethat makes it tend to contract, caused bythe forces of betweenthe molecules of the liquid.– Formation of a Recall that blood is a thick mixture of and . When a person is bleeding, acts on blood, pulling ittoward the ground. Being - the blood mixture is attracted to similar blood mixtures andtends to stick together and not separate as it falls. When blood falls on a surface– The blood drop will have a surface– The blood drop totally out21

– Cohesion- !– Surface is elastic, giving the top of the blood spatter a shape. If any of the blood does cohesion –––from the droplet of bloodForms dropletsThese are known as If blood is dropped onto a surface–Such as glass or marble–The edge of the blood drop is and. If blood is dropped on a surface–such as wood or ceiling tile– The edge of the blood drop may form small that are stillto the main droplet of blood.Blood Droplets surface – edge of blood drop appearsand circular–Glass, marble22

surface – edge of drop of blood may form small(extensions) or–– attached tomake droplet–– not attached tomain dropletIn1909 Dr. John Glaister first described the patterns into whichblood spatters could be .WATCH VIDEO: Video: the science of murder:blood spatter(https://www.youtube.com/watch?v Od8YuwUT794)Answer the following questions about the video:1. What was the purpose of placing the blood on the sponge and hitting it with ahammer?2. How was hitting the sponge with the hammer classified?3. What is the tail, and what does it tell forensic scientist?4. What are the two methods that the expects use to reconstruct a crime?5. How can they determine that a murder walked away verses one who ran away?Blood Spatter Notes Continued 23

Six Patterns Blood can be classified:1. Fall - Blood falling tofloor at -degree angle will producedrops, with morebeing produced ifthe surface it hits is .2. Arterial or – typicallyfound on or caused by pumping action of the3. – shaped like points.– Shape and position of spatter pattern can help theof the victim at the time of the24

4. – left by victim blood as he or shetouches or brushes against a wall or furniture– transfers6. – form around victim who is bleedingand in one place.– If victim is to another location,there may be orconnecting the first location with a second25