Health And Safety Advice For Painters & Decorators
Health and SafetyAdvice forPainters & Decorators
Where there are unsafe acts illustrated in the photographs - the scenarios were re-createdfor illustration purposes and no one was put at risk at any time.
ContentsIntroduction 2Painter & Decorator 4Health and Safety Law 6Health and Safety On Site 8Health and Safety Training 9Health Protection 11Paint and Health Issues 12Working with Lead Based Paint 13Health, Hygiene and Welfare Facilities 16Hand Hygiene 17Chemicals / Dermatitis 18Work Related Asthma 20Dust and Flying Particles 22Asbestos 23Manual Handling 24Power and Hand Tools 26Hand-arm Vibration Syndrome (Havs) 27Noise 29Electricity 30Struck or Crushed By Moving Vehicles on Site 31Sun Exposure 32Working at Heights 33Access Equipment & Working Platforms 34Ladders 35Step Ladders 36Scaffolding 39Mobile Elevated Working Platforms (MEWP) 40Alloy Tower Scaffolds 41Falling Objects 42Working over Water 43Slinging and Load Handling 44Safety Critical Work 45Work Related Stress 48Safety in Confined Spaces 50Safety in and Working around Excavations 51Personal Protective Equipment 53Fire 54First Aid 55Environmental Protection 56CITB-ConstructionSkills Northern Ireland 571
This booklet is part of a range that havebeen produced by CITB-ConstructionSkillsNorthern Ireland to provide advice andguidance on Health and Safety issuesINTRODUCTION relating to trade persons working in theConstruction Industry such as Bricklayers,Joiners, Roofers, Plasterers & Painters& Decorators, with the aim of helping toeliminate and reduce the risk of, accidents,injury and ill-health.The booklets are in an easy to use pocket-size format and willbe a good reference point to both existing and new entranttrade persons working in the industry and will also provideadvice to supervisors, managers and directors to help improvehealth and safety performance on site.Some health and safety risks you may face on site include: Falls from heightExposure to electricity. Overhead andundergroundcablesProximity to flammable or combustible materialsClimbing steps and working platformsRisk of vehicle overturningRisk of eye injury from flying particles and dust.Cancer risk from Exposure to asbestosSlips trips and falls due to untidy work areaManual handling activitiesUsing various types of machinery and tools.Moulds, fungi and bacteria.DermatitisCuts and abrasionsStruck my machineryLoss of fingers/limbsRisk of pain or injury from performing repetitive tasks.2
Exposure to noiseStruck by falling objectsRisk of eye injury from solvent splashes or vaporsVibration white fingerHand and foot injurySun exposureWorking in the construction industry is both rewarding andsatisfying but as the above list shows you could be exposed tovarious risks if the correct safe methods of work as describedin this booklet are not followed.Think about the various Health & Safety risks that could befound on your site, speak to your supervisor or person/s incharge about ways of eliminating or reducing those risks andstay healthy and safe.3
Your trade provides a valuable service to theconstruction industry, in order to sustainthis valuable service you will need toPAINTING & have received adequate training specificDECORATING to your work to ensure that you are keptup to date with current product designrequirements; training in Health & Safetyensures that you follow proper recognisedprocedures on site.You may be involved in mentoring apprentices and migrantworkers, if you follow proper procedures relating to your workand in Health & Safety it will set a good example to others.Falls from height is the main cause of death in construction,you need to follow proper procedures before any work atheight starts, don’t take chances on this issue, ‘think’ beforeyou start working at height and confirm with your employerthat all proper procedures have been followed. Don’t use aMEWP or working platform unless you have received adequatetraining and keep a look out for overhead cables. Do not startany work at height if cables are near until you have reportedand received further instruction, you also have a duty to warnothers about the dangers on site and that includes overheadcables. You will read later in this booklet further information onwhat precautions you can take to stay safe on site.This booklet has been printed for the benefit of all thoseworking in the painting & decorating industry.You can be working on commercial or domestic properties,schools, hospitals, housing, warehouses and other structures.As stated your trade is a valuable one and if you were asked todescribe the main specific functions of your job it would includea selection of the following depending on what area of painting& decorating you are involved in. This list is not exhaustive butit shows the wide variety of different materials and equipment4
that are used. It also highlights the potential risks that couldbe associated with these products and equipment so ensurethat you have received adequate training and remember thatincludes refresher training not just in H&S but in your specificwork area, especially if products or equipment change or newprocesses are introduced. Working by hand or with hand and power toolsPreparing a variation of surfaces for painting by brush,roller or sprayKnowing the properties of various paints and othermaterialsApplying coatings and wall coverings to a range ofsurfacesWorking at height and in confined spacesProtecting equipment and property from damageWorking well independently or with co-workers underdeadline to get the job doneExperimenting with various materials and methods tosolve problemsPreparing cost estimates and documentation for clientsWorking with mechanical and other equipmentSupervising apprentices or other workersWorking with spray systems, lacquers, enamels, epoxysand varnishesWorking on suspended ceiling & shopfront renovationcoatings and claddingcoatings internal &external5
HEALTHSAFETYLAWYour health, safety and welfare at work areprotected by law, your employer has a dutyto protect you and keep you informedabout health and safety and provideadequate information, instruction, trainingand supervision to enable you to carry outyour work in a safe manner.You also have legal duties too as follows. Take reasonable care for your own health and safetyand of others who may be affected by your work suchas other workers or members of the publicComply with instructions or control measures such asthe wearing of personal protective equipment.Co-operate with your employer on health and safetyand training requirements.Correctly use and report any defects on workequipment provided by your employer, this could bemachinery, tools or personal protective equipmentDo not interfere with or misuse anything provided foryour health, safety or welfare.Self-employed persons also have duties under the law inrelation to their own Health and Safety and ensure that theirwork does not put others at risk.If you think there is a health and safety problem on your siteyou should first discuss it with your supervisor, H & Sadviser or person in charge.The Construction (Design and Management)Regulations (Northern Ireland) CDMThe updated CDM regulations place aresponsibility on everyone involved in theconstruction process, everyone needs toknow about these regulations and thatincludes you.6
Workers: roles and responsibilitiesAll those who work in the construction industry have their part toplay looking after their own health and safety and in improvingthe industry’s health and safety recordThose with legal duties are commonly known as ‘duty-holders’.Duty-holders under CDM are:Clients, CDM Co-Ordinators, Designers, Principal (main)Contractor, Contractors and Workers. Ensure you only carry out construction work if you arecompetentReport any defect that you think may endanger thehealth and safety of yourself, other persons or membersof the public.Co-operate with others and co-ordinate work so as toensure your own health and safety and others who maybe affected by the work.Follow site health and safety rules and proceduresContractors: roles and responsibilitiesOn all projects contractors will need to: Plan, manage and monitor their own work and that oftheir workersCheck the competence of all their appointees andworkersTrain their own employeesProvide information to their workersEnsure all workers have site inductions and any furtherinformation and training needed for the workEnsure that there are adequate welfare facilities for theirworkersThe CDM regs are supported by an Approved Code of Practice(ACoP)7
HEALTHSAFETYON SITEA number of initiatives have been launched topromote and improve good practice and byreducing accidents and ill health such asBuildHealth.BuildHealth was launched to improve thehealth of construction workers in NorthernIreland by: preventing work related illhealth: supporting and rehabilitating ill workersand using the workplace as a setting in which to improvehealth.You have a part to play in this process by working safely,staying healthy, preventing injury to yourself and others and notbeing complacent.Always inspect equipment that you have been given and reportany defects, if you see any defects in scaffolding, ladders andmobile towers this could cause serious injury or death, reportimmediately, only repair if authorized to do so by your employeror person in charge, and only if trained and competent.If an accident should happen it must be reported to yoursupervisor, manager or a responsible person and a recordshould be kept. Most employers have a no-blame-culture, andencourage reporting of any problems that you see that couldprevent an accident from happening in the first place or itsreoccurrence.Information gained from reported accidents can be used toimprove health and safety on site.Remember accidents are preventable, by following safesystems of work you can help to improve the standards ofHealth and Safety on your site.8
CITB-ConstructionSkills Northern Irelandencourages the adequate training of allthose working in the Northern IrelandHEALTH ANDconstruction industry and support theSAFETYindustry to qualify their workforce toTRAININGnational occupational standards andto enroll with appropriate IndustryRegistration Schemes. Training is not a oneoff event that is refreshed every 4 or 5 years,but it is a requirement that all persons receive training wherenecessary in order to do their job safely and to a continuingcompetent standard.Having a recognised registration card is a good starting pointin showing proof of health and safety training but as statedmore specific training will be required depending on workactivity such as. Induction trainingTool box talksWorking at heightsSpecific manufacture type trainingHealth and Hygiene preventing dermatitisLifting and handling manual loadsUsing plant and equipment like MEWP’s or ForkliftTrucksUsing scaffolding and mobiletowersUsing hand toolsAbrasive wheelsHot worksFire preventionFirst AidRefresher trainingConversion trainingFamiliarization trainingThis is not an exhaustive list andother training requirements may benecessary as and when required.9
Adequate training can help preventaccidents and ill-health andmake for a more motivated andproductive workforce, ensurethat you have received adequatetraining required to do your jobsafely and efficiently.It is a misconception by somecompanies to assume that all timeserved painters & decorators arefully qualified in their work includingoperating and using the various tools andequipment. Some were trained a number ofyears ago, even then very little or no training was provided.Refresher training, tool box talks and other manufacturer typeinstruction on the different techniques and products is a mustto ensure an adequate standard is maintained; those servingtheir time should follow a recognised apprenticeship and gain aqualification.All construction personnel should adopt the principlesand practices stated in this document, where reasonablypracticable. This booklet is intended as a good practice healthand safety guide and should be supported by relevant trainingand the HSENI publications.CITB-ConstructionSkills Northern Ireland provides an onsite Mobile Training Unit that visits sites on a daily basis andprovides H&S and other training courses such as abrasivewheels, cartridge tools and slinging courses.CITB-ConstructionSkills Northern Ireland also publish aTraining Directory of grant assisted courses delivered bya network of external training providers, you can view theTraining Directory on the CITB website www.citbcsni.org.uk.10
Preventative measures for human health:To reduce the potential hazards of painting,here are some useful do’s and don’ts:HEALTHPROTECTIONDO’s: Consider using water-basedpaints. Water-based paints are increasinglyused across a broad range of surfaces.They offer excellent performance benefits, are moreenvironmentally-friendly and contain very low levels ofsolvents. Always take note of any cautions or potential dangersindicated on the paint can, and take the appropriatepreventative action. Always remember to use protective equipment especiallyeye-goggles and a face mask to cover the mouth andnose. Take precautions when handling and storing solvents. Wash your hands after use. Remember to ensure adequate ventilation in roomsyou are painting – open windows and doors whereverpossible. Keep children away from areas you are painting.DON’Ts: Avoid exposure to solvents as much asyou can. Never smoke when handling solvents. Solvents are highly flammable –never expose solvents to an openflame.11
Paints and Health IssuesThere are two basic types of paint to choose from: water-basedpaints often referred to as acrylic emulsions, and solventbased paints. High-quality water-based paints offer not just anexcellent all-round performance profile, they are also a goodchoice from a health and environmental perspective. Solventbased paints, the more traditional type of paint, require users toexercise a degree of caution to avoid risks relating to potentialhealth hazards.All solvents are potential health hazards, even if toxicity variesfrom solvent to solvent. Certain solvent properties, and theirknown effects are specific, others are common to a group.Solvents can penetrate into the human body by three paths:The respiratory tract (by inhaling the vapors)The skin (through unprotected contact)The digestive system (if swallowed in liquid form)Limited exposure to solvents can be free from harm if undercertain thresholds, which vary according to the individualsolvent. However, the impact of solvents on health shouldnot be underestimated, as exposure can lead to any of thefollowing: Irritation of the skin, eyes and mucousmembranes Respiratory problemsHeadaches, dizziness, nauseaLight-headednessEffects to the nervous systemBlood, liver, kidney diseasesCarcinogenic effects12
Working with lead based paintLead is a hazardous substance which if breathed in orswallowed can have serious health implications. Although lead isno longer used in today’s paints, it can be present in propertiesbuilt before the 1960s. Care must be taken when painting inolder properties but it is only an issue if the surface is flaking,chipping, or disturbed in any way. If the surface is in good condition or protected alreadythen it is safer to leave it undisturbed. If the surface is not in good condition, do NOT scrape,sand or disturb. Use a lead testing kit for a simpleindication of lead presence. Available from trade storesand some retail outlets. To be absolutely sure if lead-containing paint ispresent on a surface, the paint needs to be tested by aspecialist lab or a professional decorator13
SOME EXAMPLES OF ACCIDENTSExample 1A 42 year old man is likely to remain permanently disabledfollowing an industrial accident in which he sustained serioushead injuries that occurred as he fell 3.5 metres from ascaffolding structure he was using to access his work as a selfemployed painter on a residential development.Example 2A self employed decorator died as a result of a stepladdercollapse. Investigation suggested that one of the upper stepshad failed under the decorator’s weight, causing the lower stileof the ladder to break. The general condition of the ladder waspoor and the timber around the failed step was found to havedeteriorated significantly, in part due to the storage conditions.Example 3A painter suffered severe injuries after falling onto a concreteyard. He had been spray painting an agriculture barn when theaccident occurred.Example 4A painter suffered severe injuries when he fell from a ladderthat was struck by a fork lift truck, the forklift driver was movingplanks when the load shifted and struck the ladder.14
STAYSAFEBefore you start work, make sure thatthe room is as empty as possible andeverything is covered by dust sheets.Stick dust sheets to the skirting withmasking tape so that they remain inplace.Mask or remove any electrical or other fittingsthat may be accidentally painted.Remember to switch off the electricity at the mains beforeremoving electrical fittings.Keep small children and pets away from the areas beingpainted.Paint should be stored out of children’s reach.Any paint that splashes on the skin should be removed with arecognised skin cleaner (NOT white spirit or other solvents),followed by soap and water.Gloss, Undercoat, Universal and Wood Primer and white spiritare all flammable so should be stored well away from anypossible source of ignition.Paint in a well ventilated area – this will ensure that fumes arenot inhaled and will encourage the paint to dry.Always make sure ladders are safely erected and secured.Wear protective clothing where necessary.15
HEALTH, HYGIENE AND WELFAREFACILITIESHEALTH,HYGIENE ANDWELFAREFACILITIESYour employer or the person in controlof any site has a legal obligation toensure that sufficient welfare facilities areprovided. These include washing, toiletand rest facilities.There is also a requirement for facilities to bemade available for the storage of clothes that are not wornduring working hours, the storage of clothes that arenot taken home and for changing clothes when specialistclothing is required to be worn at the work place.Washing facilities on site should include hot and cold water,soap and basins large enough to wash forearms.Do not abuse these facilities ensure you keep them clean andtidy, and report any vandalism.If you are working with hazardous substances such asasbestos or lead, specialist welfare faci
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