Divorces And Divorce Rates
Data from theNATIONALVITALSTATISTICSSeries21Number 29SYSTEMDivorces and Divorce RatesUnited StatesAnalysis of divorce statistics for the early 1970’s, including specificdivorce rates by various characteristics, based on population datafrom the 1970 census, and trend data through 1976.ReprintedDHEW PublicationLLS. DEPARTMENTApril 1980No. (PHS) 78-1907OF HEALTH,EDUCATION,ANDPublic Health ServiceNational Center for Health StatisticsHyattsville, Md.March 1978WELFARE
Library of Congress Cataloging in PublicationDataPlateris, Alexander A.Divorces and divorce rates, United States.(Vital and health statistics: Series 21, Data from the National Vital Statistics System;no. 29) (DHEW publication no. (PHS) 78-1907)Includes bibliographical references.Supt. of Dots. no.: HE 20.6209:21/291. Divorce–UnitedStates–Statistics.I. Title. II. Series: United States. National Centerfor Health Statistics.Vital and health statistics: Series 21, Data from the National VitaJStatistics System, Data on natality, marriage, and divorce; no. 29. III. Series: United States.Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare.DHEW publication;no. (PHS) 78-1907.77-14100312’.1’0973[HQ834]HA211.A3 no. 29[312’.5’0973]ISBN 0-8406 -0110-7
NATIONALCENTER FOR HEALTH STATISTICSDOROTHY P. RICE, DirectorROBERTJACOBGAILF. FISHER,AssociateELIJAHJAMESROBERTJR.,for the CooperativeDirectorAnalysisHealth S tatisticsAssociateDirectorfor InternationalAssociateDirectorjor ManagementPh. D., AssociateL. HURLEY,E. LEAVERTON,ALICEDirectorAssociatePh.D., AssociutePh.D., AssociateHAYWOOD,for r Operationsfor Program DevetbpmentDirectorInformationfor ResearchOfficerDIVISION OF VITAL STATISTICSJOHN E. PATTERSON, DirectorALICE M. HETZEL, Depu ty DirectorALICE M. HETZEL, Chief, Marriage and Divorce Statistics BranchRITA U. HOFFMAN, chief Programming BranchMABEL G. SMITH, Acting ChieJ Statistical Resources BranchVital and Health Statistics-SeriesDHEW PublicationSystemfor Data SystemsPh.D.,M. ROBEY,PAULDirectorDirectorDirectorforC. HUBER,G. SIRKEN,PETERJAMESDeputyPh.D., AssociateL. WHITE, AssociateT. BAIRD,MONROEA. ISRAEL,J. FELDMAN,21-No.29No. (PHS) 78-1907Library of Congress Catalog Card Number77-14100
CONTENTSs .1Increasesin D.vorce .National Fl es . .Geographic Distibution .Standard Metropolitan Statistical &e .1146Area . . . . .7Likelihood of Divorce . .Age at Decree . .Duration of Marriage. . .Race . .Maniage Order . .Reported Number of Chiidren .i .889101111Characteristics of Husband and Wife . . .Age and Marriage Order . .Race and Interracial Couples . .Age at Divorce by Mce . . . .Number of This Marriage . . . .1212121415Children of the Divorced .The Race of the drm. . . . .Children and Age of Pments .161618References .19I.&t of Detailed Tables . .21Appendix: Technical Notes . .55Divorce-RegistrationLIST OF FIGURES1.Number of divorces: United States, 1940-76 .32.Divorce-registration area: 1960, 1970, and 1975 . . . .83.Divorce rates by age of husband and wife at time of decree: divorce-registration area, 1970 .94Estimated divorce rates by duration of maniage at time of decree: United States, 1970 .105.Divorce rates by marriage order of husband and wife: divorce-registration area, 1970 .116.Regression of the divorce rate per 1,000 population on the percentage of divorcing husbandsmarried more than once: 22 States, 1970 .15LIST OF TEXT TABLESA.Number of States where the divorce rate increased 150 percent or more over the 1960 rate:United States, 1975 .5.111
Number of States by size of divorce rate: United States, 1960.75 .6and percent distribution of divorces by metropolitan and nonrnetropolitan areas: UnitedStates and each region, 1970 . . .7Percent of divorce certificates on which specified characteristics were stated: divorce-registrationarea, 1960, 1970, and 1973 . .8number of divorces and divorce rates, by duration of marriage at time of decree:United States, 1970 .10Divorce rates by reported number of children under 18 years of age, with percent changes:United States, 1960 and 1969 and divorce-registration area, 1970 .12G.percent distribution13I-LMedian and quartile ages of husband and wife at time of decree, by race: divorce-registrationarea, 1970 . . .14J.Percent distribution of husbands and wives by relative number of this marriage of spouse,according to number of this marriage of husband and wife: divorce-registration area, 1970 .14K.Average number ofdivorce-registrationmarriages of husband and wife, by number of this marriage of spouse:area, I 97 O. .16Average number of marriages per divorcing husband and wife: divorce-registration area and 21selected States, 1970 . .16Number and percent distribution of dkorces by number of children under 18 years of age,according to race: divorce-registration area, 197 O.17‘*C.D.E.F.L.M.NumberEstimatedof divorces by race of husband and -—----–--------—------Categorynotnot. . ��-than O but less than 0.05-—-Figure does not meet standards ofreliability y or , 1970 .
DIVORCES AND DIVORCE RATES: UNITED STATESAlexanderA. Plateris, Ph.D., Dzi,i.sion of Vital Stat&ticsSUMMARYDuring the decade 1964-73 the number ofdivorces and the divorce rate increased rapidly.This increase continued through 1976 but lessrapidly than in the late 1960’s and early 1970 ‘s.Rising from 2.2 per 1,000 population in 1962,the divorcerate had doubledby 1973 andreached 4.9 per 1,000 populationby 1975. In1975 the number of divorces exceeded 1 millionfor the first time ever in the United States.Provisional data indicated a further increase for1976; the rate per 1,000 population reached 5.0and the number approximated1,077,000.Increases have occurredin almost all States.Similar increases were found in many foreigncountries.The 1970 Decennia.I Census provided population bases for various rates that could not becomputed for earlier or subsequent years. Thesedata were coupled with divorce data from thedivorce-registrationarea (DRA) to produce specific rates by characteristicsof the divorcinghusband and wife and of the marriage thatended in divorce. The DRA comprised 28 Statesin 1970. Presented in this report are specificrates by age at decree, marriage order, race, andnumber of children under 18 years of age for theDK4 and each reporting State. Rates by duration of marriage at decree were prepared byassuming the same distribution by duration ofmarriage for all divorces in the United States asfor divorces in the divorce-registrationarea.Divorce rates by age at decree indicate thatyoung married persons have the highest likelihood of divorce and that this likelihood declineswith increasing age. In the DRA as a whole thehighest divorce rates for both husbands andwives were found in the age group 20-24 years.The divorce rate for husbands and wivesmarried more than once was much higher thanthat for persons married only once. For theDRA as a whole and for many of the States, theformer rate was at least twice as high as thelatter.Divorce rates were computed for three racialgroups-white,Negro, and other races. In mostcases the rate for the Negro group was highest,and that for other races was the lowest; the ratefor the white group fell in between. This patternis not uniform, however, and pronouncedvariation can be found among States.Rates by number of children under 18 yearsof age indicate that couples with minor chiIdrenare less likely to divorce than couples with noand that the likelihoodofminorchildren,divorce declines as the number of such childrenincreases.Rates by duration of marriage were highestfor the duration intervals of 2 years and 3 years,and thereafterdeclined consistentlywith increasing duration.The number of children involved in divorcewas affected by the age of the divorcing parentsboth at time of decree and at marriage, but theage at marriage was more important, particularlythe age of the mother.INCREASES IN DIVORCENational FiguresDuring the decade 1964-73, the number ofdivorces and the divorce rate increased rapidly.1
The present increase began in 1963 and wascontinuingin 1977. From 1962 to 1973 theannual divorce total more than doubled (from413,000to 915,000),and the divorceratedoubled (from 2.2 per 1,000 population in 1962to 4.4 in 1973). From 1973 to 1976 divorcescontinued to increase but less rapidly than in thelate 1960’s and early 1970’s.In 1975 thedivorce rate was 4.9 per 1,000 population,11percent above the rate for 1973. Also in 1975,the number of divorces exceeded 1 million forthe first time ever in the United States. Provisionaldataindicatethatapproximately1,077,000 divorces were granted in 1976, bringing the divorce rate to 5.0 per 1,000 population,a further increase of about 4 percent for thedivorce total and 2 percent for the divorce rate.The divorcerate per 1,000 married womenincreased 94 percent between 1962 and 1973(from 9.4 to 18.2). From 1973 to 1975, thelatest year for which this rate presently can becomputed, the rate for married women increased11.5 percent, to 20.3 divorces per 1,000 marriedwomen.Detailed annual figures are shown intable 1 and figure 1.During the years 1961-70,5,137,000diweregranted,as comparedwithvorces3,838,000in1951-60and 4,141,000in1941-50. The large numbers in the 1940’s wereprimarily due to the high divorce rate followingWorld War II; the increase during the 1960’s and19 70’s had no such obvious cause. In the early1960’s the rates were similar to those of the1950’s, and for 9 years (1955-63)they variedonly from 2.1 to 2.3. During that period lessthan 1 percent of all married women divorcedannually, but this percent reached 1.0 in 1964,1.5 in 1970, 1.8 in 1973, and 2.0 in 1975.The rapid increase in the number of divorceswas due in part to the growth of the marriedpopulationand to changes in the age distribution of married persons. The populationcomponentof the change may be isolatedbyapplying one set of age-specific divorce rates tothe married female populationfor each yearbeginningwith 1955.The increases in thenumber of divorces obtained in this manner maybe considered as due exclusively to the change inthe size and compositionof the populationexposedto the risk of divorce. This changeaccountedfor only a small part of the totalincrease: the differencebetween the nationaldivorce total for 1975 (1,036,000)and that for1955 (377,000)was 659,000, and only 97,000of this number could be attributed to changes inthe population (table 2). This represents (only 15percent of the total increase. In other words, 85percent of the 1955-75 increase appears to bedue to other causes, especially to higher rates atwhich married persons divorce.The portion of the increase which can beassumed to be due to changes in populationdeclined markedly when the recent increase infor the 1955-63period thisdivorcesbegan:portion represented 47 percent, for the 1.963-75period it was 12 percent; the portion of theincrease which can be assumed to be due toother causes grew accordinglyfrom 53I to 88percent (table 2).The increase in divorces took place during aperiodin which there was a trend towardliberalization of dkqrce laws. In 1967 New YorkState added three grounds for divorce-cruelty,desertion, and two years of separation-toitssole legal ground for divorce—adultery.As aresult of this change, the number of divorcesgranted in New York State grew almost eighttimes, from 7,136 in 1967 to 55,612 in 1975.The rate increased correspondhglyfrom 0.4 per1,000 population to 3.1.Several other States introducednew legalgrounds for decree and made other changes tofacilitate divorce. Some States abandonedtheconcept of divorce granted to the innocent partybecause of the objectionablebehavior of theguilty party, and adopted the concept of marriage dissolution, where neither party is recognized as guilty and a list of legal grounds fordecree is not given in the statutes. Such no-faultdecrees are granted for what the laws describe as“irreconcilabledifferences”or “marriage irretrievablybroken.”Californiaintroducednofault divorces as of January 1970, and Iowamade a similar change during 1970. Later manyStates followed, and by January 1974, 23 Stateshad no-fault divorces?Though in New York, New Jersey, Hawaii,Delaware, and Florida the changes in the laws‘Reference 1, p. 404.I2
,“l,loo,ow/I,ooo,con -sOo,ooo-8w,ccO-700,000-%og 0L0K: 6ou,m-500,W0 oFigure 1. Number,1955of divorces:and the increases in divorces seem to be associated, it cannot be said that increases in all Stateswere due to the liberalization of laws. Forexample, during the 1967-73 period the divorcerates in California and Iowa increased less thanthe national average, 54 and 45 percent, respectively, as compared with 69 percent for theUnited States, even though these two States11960United,Iw1970m1975I19eoStates, 1940-76introduced no-fault divorces. Conversely, therate increased 114 percent in South C&olinawhere there had been no significant changes inthe law.The increase in divorce in the United Statesis part of a worldwide trend. The 1970 divorcerates for 38 countries, including the UnitedStates, were compared with those for 1960 in3
order to ascertain the changes that had occurredduring the decade. These rates are shown intable 3, where they are listed according to thesize of the increase. The countries were selectedas far as possible from all major areas of theworld, but the choice was limited by the lack ofdivorce data in many countries. No country wasincluded that had an annual national divorcetotal less than 500. In eight of the countriesincluded,the increase was more pronouncedthan in the United States, though the rate forthe United States was higher than that for othercountries shown in the table for 1970 and secondhighest for 1960. The largest increase, 249 percent, was found in Canada; this increase was fourtimes that for the United States. The largest decline, 81 percent, occurred in Romania. Of the 37reporting foreign countries included in the table,27 showed increases and 10 showed declines.Almostall countrieswhere the divorce ratedeclined are found in Asia and in southeastEurope. Most of Europe, North America, andother countries with populationsof Europeanorigin experiencedincreases. several countriesreporting to the Statistical Office of the UnitedNations had no legal provisionsfor grantingabsolute divorces, though some annulments andlimited divorces may have been granted. In 1970these countries were Argentina, Brazil, Chile,Colombia, Ireland, Italy (until December 1970),Malta, Paraguay, the Philippines, Santa Lucia,and Spain.Particularlyinterestingdevelopmentsoccurred in the Soviet Union and in Romania. Inthe Soviet Union, where divorcelaws wereliberalized, the divorce rate doubled from 1963to 1966, increasing from 1.30 per 1,000 population to 2.77 and declining slightly afterwards. bIn Romania the change was in the oppositedirection: in 1962 the Romanian rate was one ofthe highest in the world, 2.04 per 1,000; then itdeclinedto 1.35 by 1966 and disappearedcompletelyin 1967, due to drastic changes inthe law.c Since then, the rate has been one ofthe lowest, 0.38 per 1,000 in 1970, and onlythree countries listed in table 3 had rates lowerthan that of Romania: Guatemala, Turkey, andPortugal.preference2, p. 685, table 34, footnotecZbid., p.683, footnote 77a.Geographic DistributionIncreases in divorces from 1960 to 1970varied considerablyamong regions, divisions,and States. This is evident from the dkmrce ratesfor married women shown by State in table 4.These rates, shown for 1960 and 1970, can becomputedonly once in a decade, when, population bases become available from the clecennialcensus.The national divorce rate per 1,000 marriedwomen increased 62 percent, from 9.2 per 1,000in 1960 to 14.9 in 1970. For the regions, theincrease ranged from 38 percent in the South to108 percent in the Northeast, while for b
1941-50. The large numbers in the 1940’s were primarily due to the high divorce rate following World War II; the increase during the 1960’s and 19 70’s had no such obvious cause. In the early 1960’s the rates were similar to those of the 1950’s, and for 9 years (1955-63) they varied only from 2.1 to 2.3. During that period less
the divorce rate, even if the underlying divorce trend is stable.) And, as noted earlier, the crude divorce rate excludes data from states (including large states such as California) that do not report divorce data to the federal government. Nevertheless, the crude divorce rate provides a rough indication of changes in divorce over time. For exam-
Fathers through divorce Summary of a Review of Literature Divorce rates have remained steady at 50% 15% of father’s are primary parents following divorce, and 35% see their children several times per month. 24% of divorces are considered chronically high conflict Multi-Model Family Intervention Plan (Walter, 2011 .
Separation and Divorce Ken Maynard's Divorce Survival Guide. Ken Maynard's Divorce Survival Guide Page 2 Contemplating separation/divorce, most people put themselves under undue stress worrying about their financial well-being. Much of that stress is due to the fear of the unknown. So what
divorce rate, at least in the short term (for couples already married at the time of the reform). However, the studies also conclude that divorce law reforms are not the main driver of the widespread increase in divorce rates during the second half of the 20th century. For instance, the European study concludes that divorce law reforms in Europe
itate divorce during later life, especially for women (Bair, 2007). Financial autonomy allows older women to consider divorce as a viable alternative to remaining married. Thus, we examine whether gender and economic resources have interactive effects on the risk of divorce. Finally, the marital biography, or marriage order and mar -
After a court grants your divorce and issues a Final Judgment and Decree of Divorce, you will be legally able to remarry. It is advisable to speak with a lawyer before filing any action with the Court; this divorce is no exception to that rule. There are often more issues involved in a divorce
In 2020, crude divorce rates (CDRs) varied considerably across countries - from as low as 0.7 divorces per 1000 people in Ireland and Mexico to as high as 2.7 per 1000 in Denmark, Latvia and Lithuania. Restrictions put in place during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic also had a direct impact on
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