Biology STARR-EOC Review NAME
Biology STARR-EOC ReviewNAMEGoal 1: Learner will develop abilities necessary to do and understand scientific inquiry.1.01 Identify biological problems and questions that can be answered through scientificinvestigations.1.02 Design and conduct scientific investigations to answer biological questions (create testablehypotheses, identify variables, use a control or comparison group when appropriate, selectand use appropriate measurement tools, collect and record data, organize data into charts andgraphs, analyze and interpret data, communicate findings).You have measured the rate at which a fish breaths at various temperatures by counting the rate at whichits gills open. The data is below.Breathing rate Temperature19/min 5 deg C25/min 10 deg C30/min 20 deg C34/min 30 deg C37/min 35 deg C1. What is the independent variable? The dependent variable? p. 9TemperatureBreathing rate2. What happens to breathing rate with increase in Temp?Breathing rate increases3. What would be a good control for this experiment?Measure breathing rate of fish in regular environment4. How do you think the breathing rate was measured?Counting movements of gill cover or mouth openings5. What do you think would happen if you raised thetemperature even more?Fish might die at some point – living systems cannot handle too much increase in T.6. Why would it be a bad idea to do this?Death of fish1.03 Formulate and revise scientific explanations and models of biological phenomena using logicand evidence to: explain observations, make inferences and predictions, explain therelationship between evidence and explanation.Bromothymol blue turns to bromothymol yellow in the presence of carbon dioxide. When the carbondioxide is removed, the solution will return to a blue color. Two green water plants were placed inseparate test tubes, each containing water and bromothymol yellow. Both test tubes were corked. Onetube was placed in the light, the other in the dark. After several days, the liquid in the tube exposed tolight turned blue.1. What is the independent variable in this experiment?Light2. What is the dependent variable in this experiment?Color of the bromothymol3. What is the control for this experiment?Test tube in the dark4. This demonstration illustrates that, during photosynthesis, green plants take in carbon iew/EOC Review Answer Key- Friday.doc
Biology STARR-EOC Review1.04 Apply safety procedures in the laboratory and in field studies. (Recognize and avoid potentialhazards, safely manipulate materials and equipment needed for scientific investigations.)1.Label the microscope.1. Body tube2. Revolving nosepiece3. Low power objective4. Medium power objective5. High power objective6. Stage clips7. Diaphragm8. Light source9. Eyepiece10. Arm11. Stage12. Coarse adjustment knob13. Fine adjustment knob14. Base2. How do you determine total magnification ofa microscope? (Assume the eyepiece magnifies 10 x and the objective magnifies 40 x)eyepiece x objective total10x x 40x 400x3. Draw how the letter “e” would look as view through a microscope?Upside down and inverted4. What kind of care must be taken when working with bacteria?Use gloves; goggles; do not expose bacteria to air unnecessarily.5. Why must care be used when working with bacteria?Bacteria can cause disease and should be handled with care.6. What are the issues surrounding the use of animals for research?Answers will vary – animals should not be tortured or used in a way that causes great pain.1.05 Analyze reports of scientific investigations from an informed scientifically literate viewpointincluding considerations of: appropriate sample, adequacy of experimental controls,replication of findings, and alternative interpretations of the OC Review Answer Key- Friday.doc
Biology STARR-EOC ReviewGoal 2: Learner will develop an understanding of the physical, chemical and cellular basis of life.2.01 Compare and contrast the structure and functions of the following onQuick energy; plant cell wallsProteinsServe as enzymes, antibodies, plasma membraneinclusions; carrier molecules (hemoglobin); structuralLipidsinsoluble in water,hydrophobicNucleic AcidsLong term energy storage, insulation, plasma membranesCarry instructions for making proteins; also carry thoseinstructions to the ribosomesNucleotides (sugar,phosphate, Nit. base)Specific MoleculeFunctionStarchGlucose storage in plantsCelluloseStructural support for plantsInsulinHormone that lowers blood glucose levelsType of lucose)proteinGlycogenGlucose storage in animalsGlucoseEnergyEnzymesproteinHemoglobinSpeed up chemical reactions by lowering the activationenergyCarries oxygen in blood to body tissuesFatsStore energyLipidDNAStores hereditary informationNucleic acidRNAManufacturing (making) proteinsNucleic acidDescribe the following nutrient tests:NutrientType of TestStarchIodineLipidsBrown paperMonosaccharidesSimple SugarsProteinBenedicts solution andheatBiuretsSubunits / MonomerMonosaccharidessuch as glucose(simple sugars)Amino acids (heldtogether by peptidebonds)Glycerol and 3 e TestOrangish-brownNo spotProteinbluePositive TestDark blue-blackTranslucent, greasyspotorangeblueDark EOC Review Answer Key- Friday.doc
Biology STARR-EOC Review2.02 Investigate and describe the structure and function of cells including cell organelles, cellspecialization, and communication among cells within an organism.Fill in this chart. Also give the letter or number of the part as seen in the diagrams below.Cell Part and Letter Structure DescriptionFunctionNucleusDense region in the center of the cellControl the cellA, 6Plasma MembraneLipid bilayer- surrounds the cellControls what comes in and out ofK, near 11the cellCell wallThick layer outside the cell membrane of Structure and supportPlants only, JplantsMitochondriaDouble membrane- shaped like a kidney Powerhouse to produce ATPL, 1beancellular respirationVacuolesSac-like organStores water, wastes, ions, andG, 3, large in plantsnutrientsChloroplastsDouble membrane- contains stacks ofPerform photosynthesis to makePlants only, Idiscs- greenglucoseRibosomesSmall particles around the cellProtein synthesisF, 131. Which cell is the plant cell (left or right)? left2. Which structures are found only in the plant cell? Chloroplast, large central vacuole, cell wall3. Which structures are found only in the animal cell? Centrioles, lysosomes4. Put the following in order from smallest to largest:Organ kispaces.com/file/view/EOC Review Answer Key- Friday.doc
Biology STARR-EOC ReviewBelow are a variety of cells from the human body. Use the index of your book to look them up.1. Which cell is adapted for movement? What structuremakes this movement possible? What organelle is veryplentiful in these cells in order to provide the energy formovement?Sperm cell; flagellum; mitochondrion (for cellularrespiration)2. What is the function of the Red Blood cell?To carry oxygen and remove carbon dioxide from cells3. Which cell is involved in the immune system?White blood cell (B cells, T cells, macrophages)4. Which cell helps in movement of bones?Muscle cell; contraction involving muscle proteins(myosin and actin)5. Which cell is adapted for transmitting messages?Neuron (nerve cell)Hormones:1. What structures produce hormones?Glands2. How do hormones travel throughout a body?Through the circulatory system (bloodstream)3. What is the function of hormones?Regulation of body functions; growth; metabolism, etc.The diagram below shows many proteins and other molecules embedded in a cell membrane.1. What is the cell membrane made up of?Phospholipid bilayer & proteins2. What are some of the functions of these proteins and other molecules?Receptor proteins, channels, pumps3. Why is it described as selectively permeable?Some substances can pass through the membrane and others cannot1. Protein2. /view/EOC Review Answer Key- Friday.doc
Biology STARR-EOC Review2.03 Investigate and analyze the cell as a living system including: maintenance of homeostasis,movement of materials into and out of cells, and energy use and release in biochemical reactions.1. Explain what has happened in the diagramto the left.Water (white) passed to right; starch (dark)could not move through membrane2. Why did the large dark molecules NOTmove to the left?Too large for membrane pores3. How is the semi-permeable membrane likea cell membrane?Allows some substances to pass and notothers- regulates movement4. If the dark molecule is starch, where is the starch concentration greatest (left or right)? On right5. If the white molecule is water, where is the water concentration greatest at first? On left6. In osmosis, water moves from an area of high to an area of low concentration.7. If the dark molecules could move, in what direction would they move? From right to left Why? Highconcentration is on right; low is on left and molecules move from high to low concentration.8. In diffusion, molecules move from an area of high to an area of low concentration.9. What is osmotic pressure?The difference between concentrations of molecules on each side of membrane – greater the difference,the greater the osmotic pressure.10.Draw arrows to show which way water will move in each of the following situations:a. Salt inside the cell 65% and outside the cell 40%. ----------------------------------------b. Sugar inside the cell 27% and outside 80%.----------------------------------------- 11. What is /view/EOC Review Answer Key- Friday.doc
Biology STARR-EOC ReviewRegulation of internal environment; maintenance of balance and stability12. How do cells maintain homeostasis: Consider pH, temperature, blood glucose, water balance(hormone systems maintains homeostasis); insulin and glucagon work together to maintain blood sugar;osmosis regulates water; temperature regulation through sweating, shivering, blood vessels opening wideand becoming smaller; pH through buffers and H ions.Comparison of active and passive transport p. 182-189Requires energy?Low to high concentration orhigh to low concentration?ExamplesPASSIVE TRANPORTNOACTIVE TRANSPORTYESHigh to LowLow to HighOsmosis of water; movement ofglucoseNeurons – sodium/potassiumpumps or iodine in thyroidSalt is a solute, when it is concentrated inside or outside the cell, it will draw the water in its direction.This is also why you get thirsty after eating something EOC Review Answer Key- Friday.doc
Biology STARR-EOC ReviewType of SolutionsDiffusion and Osmosis are both types of PASSIVE TRANSPORT - that is, no energy is requiredfor the molecules to move into or out of the cell.Sometimes, large molecules cannot cross the plasma membrane, and are "helped" across by proteins .This process, which uses proteins and ATP is called ACTIVE TRANSPORT /EOC Review Answer Key- Friday.doc
Biology STARR-EOC ReviewUse the following diagram – label where energy is released and where energy is used. Also use arrowson the lines attached to the circles to indicate if energy is going in or out.1. What cellular process produces ATP?Cellular respiration2. What is ATP energy used for? Give examples.To provide energy for all cell processes that require energy – activetransport for example.3. How do we get energy from ATP?By breaking the bond between the 2nd & 3rd phosphate to release the energy2.05 Investigate and analyze the bioenergetic reactions: aerobic respiration, anaerobicrespiration, and photosynthesis.Label the following molecules in these equations (water, glucose, oxygen, carbon dioxide, ethyl alcohol)A) water carbon dioxide glucose oxygen gas (Photosynthesis)B) glucose oxygen gas carbon dioxide water ( Aerobic Cellular Respiration)C) glucose ethyl alcohol carbon dioxide (Fermentation; anaerobic cellular respiration)A)B)C)1. Which of the above reactions is photosynthesis?A2. Which of the above reactions is fermentation (anaerobic cellular respiration)? C3. Which of the above reactions is cellular respiration (aerobic)? B4. Which reaction requires chlorophyll? AWhat is the purpose of the chlorophyll? To absorbsunlight for photosynthesis5. Which reaction requires light? AWhat is the light used for? Energy source6. Which organisms carry out process A? Plants / Animals / or Both7. Which organisms carry out process B? Plants / Animals / or C Review Answer Key- Friday.doc
Biology STARR-EOC Review8. Which organisms carry out process C?anaerobes (bacteria) and yeast9. Which process uses chloroplasts in eukaryotes?Photosynthesis10. Which process uses mitochondria in eukaryotes?Cellular respiration (aerobic)11. What factors could speed up (or slow down) process A?amount of light; water, carbon dioxide;temperature; pH12. What factors could speed up (or slow down) process B?amount of glucose; amount of oxygen;temperature; pH13. Label the missing parts in Photosynthesis:1. Light 2. Carbon dioxide 3. Water 4. Oxygen 5. Glucose1. Glucose 2. Oxygen 3. Light 4. Carbon dioxide 5. ATP (energy)14. What type of organisms perform aerobic cellular respiration? Animals, plants, fungi15. Where does aerobic respiration occur in the cell? Mitochondria16. What cellular process produces ATP more efficiently? Is this process anaerobic or aerobic? Aerobiccellular view/EOC Review Answer Key- Friday.doc
Biology STARR-EOC Review2.04 Investigate and describe the structure and function of enzymes and explain their importancein biological systems.1. substrate 2. Enzyme 3. Product1. Does the enzyme or substratechange shape?Substrate2. What 2 conditions causeenzymes to become denatured(change shape)?Temperature and pH3. Enzymes are types of whatorganic compound?Proteins4. Why is the enzyme-substratecomplex compared to a lock andkey?Enzymes are shaped so only aspecific substrate will fit in theactive site5. Why can enzymes be used over and over again?Enzymes are not changed by the reaction6. What is the function of enzymes in biological systems? Why are they necessary for all biochemicalreactions? They act as catalysts to speed up chemical reactions. They maintain homeostasis becausereactions would not take place quickly enough without enzymes.7. Why is there only one kind of enzyme for each biochemical reaction?Enzymes act only on specific substrates.Goal 3: Learner will develop an understanding of the continuity of life and the changes oforganisms over time.3.01: Analyze the molecular basis of heredity including: DNA replication, Protein Synthesis(transcription and translation), and gene regulation.Below is a strand of DNA. DNA in the cells exists as a double helix –1. Circle one nucleotide. What 3 pieces is it made up of?Phosphate group, sugar (deoxyribose), nitrogen base2. What are the black pentagons?deoxyriboseWhat are the nitrogen bases? A,C,G,TCTGGCT3. Fill in the blanks with the complimentary DNA EOC Review Answer Key- Friday.doc
Biology STARR-EOC Review4. If a strand of DNA undergoes transcription, what will the sequence of the mRNA be?DNA G A C T G AmRNA C U G A C UtRNA G A C U G ALabel the summary of proteinsynthesis diagrammed below: DNA Transcription mRNA Nucleus Cytoplasm mRNA tRNA Ribosome Anticodon Codon Amino Acid Polypeptide Chain /Protein Nuclear Membrane rRNA Translation5. After translation, what would the amino acidsequence be for the section of mRNA above?(read from right to left)Leu-Thr6. What is a codon?3 nucleotide sequence on the mRNA thatcodes for an amino acid or start or stop signalWhat is an anti-codon?3 base sequence on the tRNA that iscomplimentary to a codon to determine if theamino acid is added7. Compare RNA and DNA in the following G,TStrands 1 12or 2WhereMade in nucleus NucleusIn Cellbut moves to(eukaryotes)cytoplasmFunction ProteinStore /EOC Review Answer Key- Friday.doc
Biology STARR-EOC Reviewsynthesisinfo (info tomake proteins)8. What kinds of bonds hold the amino acids together in the protein that is formed?Peptide bonds9. What are the three types of RNA and what are their functions?1) mRNA- carries information from DNA in the nucleus to the ribosome in the cytoplasm2) rRNA- makes up the structure of the ribosome3) tRNA- brings correct amino acid to the ribosome to assemble protein10. What kind of weak bonds hold the two strands of DNA together between the nitrogen bases?Hydrogen bonds11. Why is it important that these bonds be weak?They will need to be broken for replication and for transcription.12. What happens to DNA when a mutation occurs?The code is changed (different bases are in the DNA strand).13. How does this affect the mRNA?Bases in mRNA will be different.14. How can this affect translation?This may mean a different amino acid is in the protein strand.15. How does this affect the structure and shape of the resulting protein?This can cause a change in the shape of the protein, causing it to possibly not function.16. Where in the cell does transcription occur?Nucleus17. Where in the cell does translation occur?In the cytoplasm at the ribosomeCell Cycle:1. Look at the diagram of the cell cycle.When does the replication of DNA occur? What isthis phase called?Interphase (S phase – synthesis)2. What do GI and G2 represent?G1 – equals growth after cell division; G2 is growthafter DNA replicates.3. Does mitosis include cytokinesis (division of thecytoplasm)?NO1. G1 2. S 3. G2 4. Mitosis 5. CytokinesisGene Expression and iew/EOC Review Answer Key- Friday.doc
Biology STARR-EOC Review1. If all the cells in an organism (cells with nuclei) have the same DNA, explain, in terms of genes, how anerve cell functions differently from a muscle cell.Different genes are turned on in different types of cells.2. Why does a pancreas cell produce insulin in great amounts but a blood cell does not?Because the insulin gene is turned on in the pancreas cell but not as much in a blood cell.3. There are advantages and disadvantages to the overproduction of proteins by a cell. Describe theadvantages and disadvantages for an injured cell. Overproduction in an injured cell can help it heal if theproteins are needed; but overproduction of unneeded proteins could hinder healing.4. Describe the advantages and disadvantages in a cancerous cell.Too much of certain proteins in a cancerous cell could promote tumor production in other cells.3.02 Compare and contrast the characteristics of asexual and sexual reproduction.MITOSISMEIOSISType of reproductionAsexualSexual(Asexual or sexual)Chromosome number of mother 2N2Ncell (1N haploid or 2N diploid)Chromosome number of2N1Ndaughter cells (1N haploid or2N diploid)Number of cell divisions1 division2 divisionsNumber of cells produced24When does replication happen?Interphase (S phase)SOURCES OF VARIATIONYes or NoInterphase (S phase) before celldivides the first timeYes or NoCrossing overRandom assortment ofchromosomesGene mutationsNondisjunctionfertilizationNONOYESYESYES (rare)NONOYESYESYESLabel the following stages of mitosis (cell division). Put the letters in order starting with interphase.C, B, E, A, DWhat type of cell is this Plant or animal and how do you know?Plant- rigid square structure because of cell C Review Answer Key- Friday.doc
Biology STARR-EOC Review http://nvhsvikings.wikispaces.com/file/view/EOC Review Answer Key- Friday.doc 1.04 Apply safety procedures in the laboratory and in field .
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Biology EOC Review. 14 Biology EOC Review Work with your neighbors to answer questions at the end of Biology EOC Study Guide: Part 2, Cell Biology. .
Biology EOC Study Guide . This Study Guide was developed by Volusia County teachers to help our students prepare for the Florida Biology End-Of-Course Exam. Molecular and Cell Biology Classification, Heredity, Evolution Organisms, Populations, Ecosystems 35% of EOC 25% of EOC 40% of EOC The Nature of Science Theories, Laws, Models
Biology EOC Test Strategies to Use the Morning of the Biology EOC Test Strategies to Use During the Biology EOC Test - Review what you have learned from the study guide. - Review general test -taking strategies. - Review content -specific information that shows connections and relationships (lists, diagrams, graphic organizers, etc.).
1 EOC Review Unit EOC Review Unit Table of Contents LEFT RIGHT Table of Contents 1 REVIEW Intro 2 REVIEW Intro 3 REVIEW Success Starters 4 REVIEW Success Starters 5 REVIEW Success Starters 6 REVIEW Outline 7 REVIEW Outline 8 REVIEW Outline 9 Step 3: Vocab 10 Step 4: Branch Breakdown 11 Step 6 Choice 12 Step 5: Checks and Balances 13 Step 8: Vocab 14 Step 7: Constitution 15
approaches to the subject of reconstruction in archaeological illustration, and other media i.e. films. Method(s) of teaching: The module comprises: A weekly practical session (2hrs) where tutor will introduce different materials and recorded graphic data to be drawn. 1 x lecture Visit and meet with archaeological illustrators and graphic designers in their workplace Method of assessment: The .
