Engineering Challenge Rollercoasters
Engineering ChallengeRollercoastersAllotted Time: 90 minsMaterials needed (per group):This challenge will have students design a minirollercoaster from household items. This willreinforce the concept of conservation of energyand converting energy from potential to kinetic. Foam pipe insulation (3-4 pieces)Masking tape (1 roll)Marbles (1)Tissue paper (2-3 sheets)Disposable cups (1)Rubber bands (1)BBQ skewers (20)Popsicle Sticks (20)Newspaper (20 sheets)Timer (1)Calculator (1)Ruler/Metre stick (1)Measuring scale (1 for entire class)Rollercoaster worksheetMethod1.2.3.4.Split the class into groups of 2-3.Each group will complete the Rollercoaster Worksheet.Each group is given the materials listed above.The group must construct their individual roller-coaster for the marble. At the end of the trackthe marble must stop at a tissue paper.a. Points are awarded to complexity of the rollercoasteri. Turn – 5 pointsii. Hill – 5 pointsiii. Loop – 10 pointsiv. Spiral – 10 pointsv. Other unique feature – 5 pointsb. Points are deducted for safetyi. Marble goes off track – minus 10 pointsii. Marble doesn’t stop/tissue paper breaks – minus 10 points5. The team with the most points wins!!A BrainSTEM Alliance Lesson www.brainstemalliance.comRef: teachengineering.org
Engineering RollercoastersRollercoasters are meant to go FAST! But what makes a Rollercoaster go fast? Energy.Energy comes in many forms, but rollercoasters mostly use Potential Energy and Kinetic Energy.Potential Energy is stored energy. Rollercoasters use gravitational potential energy which is stored when objects go up high.The equation for gravitational potential energy isKinetic Energy is the energy of a moving object. The equation for kinetic energy isEnergy is always conserved. That means the energy at the start will equal the energy at the end. At the beginning of the rollercoaster you are up high but you are not moving yet. That means allof the energy is Potential energy.At the bottom of the rollercoaster you are down low but you are going very fast. That means allof the energy is Kinetic energy.In between, you have both Potential and Kinetic EnergyA BrainSTEM Alliance Lesson www.brainstemalliance.com
Rollercoaster WorksheetIf you design a marble rollercoaster that is 50cm high, what would be the potential energy?What is the mass of the marble (m)? grams or kgWhat is the acceleration due to gravity (g)? 9.8m/s2What is the height (h)? 50cm or mWhat is Ep? Joules (kg m/s2)If the energy at the beginning equals the energy at the end, then:()(rearranging we get) For the 50cm high rollercoaster, what would be the velocity at the bottom?Velocity (v) m/sWhat would the Potential energy be if you designed a rollercoaster 120cm high? JoulesWhat would be the velocity at the bottom? m/sWhat would the Potential energy be if you designed a rollercoaster 10cm high? JoulesWhat would be the velocity at the bottom? m/sA BrainSTEM Alliance Lesson www.brainstemalliance.com
Friction Force mr-wang.deviantart.comHow do we get our roller-coaster to stop? Using Brakes.Brakes work by creating Friction.Friction Force changes kinetic energy in heat energy. The friction force is related to the Normal Force or Weight of an object on a surface.The friction force is also related to the material of the surface. Different materials have differentCoefficients of Friction.The equation for Friction isThe normal force is equivalent to the weightThe heat energy released from friction iswhere d is the distance travelled over thesurface.Now we must modify our equation()()()Build a simple rollercoaster.What is the mass of your marble: m Measure the height of your rollercoaster: h What is the gravitational potential energy of the marble at the top? Ep Let your marble go down the roller-coaster.What is the velocity (speed) of the marble? v d/t What is the kinetic energy of the marble? Ek Can you calculate the Heat Energy released due to Friction? Eh A BrainSTEM Alliance Lesson www.brainstemalliance.com
Centripetal/Centrifugal ForceOne of the most fun parts of a roller coaster is a loop-de-loop.How does a rollercoaster go upside down on the loop-de-loop without falling?This is due to Centripetal Force and the Reactive Centrifugal Force.Centripetal Force is the force of an object moving along a curve or in a circle.Reactive Centrifugal Force is equivalent to the centripetal force but in the opposite direction, and stopsthe rollercoaster from falling when it is upside down.To make sure that the marble does not fall when it goes upside down, the centrifugal force must begreater than the weight of the marble.The roller coaster also needs to have enough Kinetic Energy to convert into Gravitational PotentialEnergy so it can reach the maximum loop height (hL) at the top of the loop.Add a loop to your rollercoaster.What is the mass of the marble? m What was the velocity at the bottom (just before you added the loop)? v What is the maximum radius your loop can have? r What is the maximum loop height that your roller coaster can have? hL A BrainSTEM Alliance Lesson www.brainstemalliance.com
Energy comes in many forms, but rollercoasters mostly use Potential Energy and Kinetic Energy. Potential Energy is stored energy. Rollercoasters use gravitational potential energy which is stored when objects go up high. The equation for gravitational potential energy is Kinetic Energy is the energy of a moving object.
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