Use Of The ASTM SRTT For Standardized OBSI Measurement
Use of the ASTM SRTT forStandardized OBSI MeasurementOBSI WorkshopTRB 89th Annual MeetingPaul R. DonavanIllingworth & Rodkin, Inc.
US Standard Test Tire MigrationGoodyear Aquatred 3P205/70R15UniRoyal SRTTP225/60R16
Issues for a Benchmark TirenLong term & international availabilitynVariation between “identical” tiresnChange in noise generation over timenBreak-in & warm-up periodnRelationship to other, in-service tires
ATSM StandardReference TestTire (SRTT)nnnnnSRTT To be constructedfor 10 yearsUniRoyal Tiger Pawbrand, supplier isMichelinUse in the US & EuropeCan be orderedinternationallyRelatively high cost tire
SRTT SpecificationnDurometer hardness Type A – 64 2nStoragenWheel rim width – 6.5” 0.5”Current cost 400n¾ Equilibrium temperature – 73.4ºF 3.6º¾ Average of 4 ribs – center rib excluded¾ Not to exceed 70ºF¾ Limit ozone exposure
Tire-to-Tire Variationn Sixtires of different age/mileage¾Two used in testing previously ( 700 & 125 mi)¾Four new to be used for passby testingn Pavements(7 total)¾DGAC – one typical (two directions), one course¾OGAC – two directions of travel¾PCC – one longitudinally tined, one groundn Averageof three runs
SRTT Test Tires (2007)ManufacturerDatePurchaseDateApplicationKm atStartAverageHardnessSRTT #1Oct-05Mar-06Secondary OBSI 100063SRTT #2Oct-05Mar-06Primary OBSI 20064LF PassbyJul-06Oct-06Passby tire064LR PassbyJul-06Oct-06Passby tire065RF PassbyJul-06Oct-06Passby tire064RR PassbyJul-06Oct-06Passby tire064DesignationDate of Testing May 2007
SRTT Tire-to-Tire Variation (2007)105Sound Intensity Level, dBA104103102SRTT#1Ranges–0.5 to 1.1 dBSRTT #2AverageRangeLF PassbyTire– 0.8 dBLR Passby TireAverageStandardRF PassbyTireRR PassbyTiredBDeviation– dPCCGroundPCCAC
SRTT Test Tires – 2007 & 2008DesignationManufacturer PurchaseDateDateApplicationKm atStartAverageDurometerSRTT #1Oct-05Mar-06Primary OBSI 100063SRTT #2Oct-05Mar-06Secondary OBSI 20064LF PassbyJul-06Oct-06Passby tire064LR PassbyJul-06Oct-06Passby tire065RF PassbyJul-06Oct-06Passby tire064RR PassbyJul-06Oct-06Passby tire064SRTT #1Oct-05Mar-06Secondary OBSI 200066RR PassbyJul-06Oct-06Passby tire 30063SRTT #3Oct-07Oct-08New Backup062
SRTT Tire-to-Tire Variation (2008)104RR Passby Tire (std dev 0.2 dB)SRTT #3 (std dev 0.3 dB)Sound Intensity Level, dBA10310210110099981 to 1 Line97979899100101102Sound Intensity Level, dBA - SRTT #1103104
Change in Noise over Timen Tiredurometer hardness (tire aging)¾Noise increases with hardness¾Hardness increases with aging¾Reported effect 2 dB per 10 durometer numbers¾Hardness increases at higher rate with exposure tohigher temperature and ozone amountsn Treaddepth (tire wear)¾Inconsistent trends¾Results varying with test surfacen Verylimited data specific to the SRTT
Variation in Level 5/2007 to 10/2008106SRTT #1 2007Sound Intensity Level, dBA104SRTT #1 2008RR Passby Tire 2007RR Passby Tire 200810210098969492DGAC EBOGAC EBOGAC WBDGAC WBLong. TinedPCCGround PCC
Variation by Tire & Age105Burlap Drag PCC104SRTT 1Passby SRTTSRTT 2SRTT 3Overall OBSI Level, dBANCHRP SRTT103102101100999897Apr 07Oct 07Nov 07Date of TestOct 08Oct 09
Variation by Tire & Age105104Ground PCCSRTT 1Passby SRTTSRTT 2SRTT 3Overall OBSI Level, dBANCHRP SRTT103102101100999897Apr 07Oct 07Nov 07Date of TestOct 08Oct 09
Tire ComparsionsGoodyear Aquatred 3 Dunlop SP WinterP205/70R15Sport 3 P225/60R16UniRoyal SRTTP225/60R16
Comparison of Tire OBSI LevelsSound Intensity Level, dBA110109Aquatred (std dev 0.3 dB)108Dunlop M3 (std dev 0.6 dB)1071061051 to 1 04105Sound Intensity Level, dBA - SRTT106107108109
Comparison to SPB Resultsn12sites measurednMix of AC and PCCnMeasured¾Statistical passbys for light vehicles¾Controlled passbys for test vehicle withSRTT tiresnExamplesfor 7.5m microphone¾PCC – longitudinally tines¾DGAC – 5 years old¾Porous AC – 1 year old
SRTT CPB & SPB Results - DGAC95CPB with SRTTLight Vehicle SPBSound Pressure Level, dBA908580757065708090100Speed, km/hr110120130
SRTT CPB & SPB Results – Porous AC95CPB with SRTTLight Vehicle SPBSound Pressure Level, dBA908580757065708090100Speed, km/hr110120130
SRTT CPB & SPB Results – PCC95CPB with SRTTLight Vehicle SPBSound Pressure Level, dBA908580757065708090100Speed, km/hr110120130
SRTT CPB & SPB Results – 12 Sites90Constant Offset Fit:Offset 2.7 dBStd Dev 0.9 dBSPB Sound Pressure Level, dBA88868482y 0.93x 7.81R2 0.93807876747270707274767880CPB Sound Pressure Level, dBA828486
OBSI & CPB for “Hard” Sites – 25 ft84Medium TextureSound Pressure Level, dBA82Fine TextureTransverse Texture80Constant Offset78Linear Regression76747270Slope .942R 0.94Offset 23.7Std Dev 0.96866889092949698100OBSI Level, dBA102104106108
Summary:SRTT as a benchmark tiren Longterm availabilityn Rank orders pavements similar to other tires(lower absolute levels)n Low tire-to-tire variationVaries with pavement¾ Average range of 6 tires 0.8 dB¾n Performancemaintained under moderateusage up to at least 1½ years
Goodyear Aquatred 3 P205/70R15 UniRoyal SRTT P225/60R16. Issues for a Benchmark Tire nLong term & international availability nVariation between “identical” tires nChange in noise generation over time nBreak-in & warm-up period nRelationship to other, in-service tires. ATSM Standard Reference Test Tire (SRTT) nSRTT To be constructed
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