IEC 61850 Tutorial 61850 Protocol Net Time Applications

23 49IRIG-B to ALL protocolsIRIG-B / PPS / PP2SIRIG-BPTP / NTP / SyncEIRIG-BMHzIRIG-B formats supported B00X B12X B13X B14X B15X B22XIRIG-B at the interface 5 10 Vpp AC/DC coupling Termination 50 W / 600 W / High ZSyncESyncEToD / T1 / E1 / MHzPTP / NTP / SyncESMB (F)RJ45 (A)SMB (E)SMB (H)SMA (G)RJ48 (I)GNSS PTP NTP ToD IRIGB PPS PP2S SyncE T1/E1 MHzRJ45 (A)RJ45 (B)SPF (A)SPF (B)SMB (E)SMB (F)SMB (H)SMA (G)RJ48 (I)RJ48 (C)RJ48 inoutinoutinSFP (A)in/outRJ45 (B)inin/out in/outinoutinoutinoutSFP (B)RJ48 (C)RJ48 (D) 2020 ALBEDO Telecom - All rights reservedTiming

24 49PPS to PPS, T1/E1 & MHzPPS / PP2SPPS / PP2SSyncE 2020 ALBEDO Telecom - All rights reservedTimingMHzPPS does not have Day information then it can onlybe reference for Phase and Frequence signals. 1 PPS and 1 PP2S Unbalanced SMB 50 W ITU-T G.8271Can discipline 1 PPS and 1 PP2S T1/E1 MHz: 10, 5, 2.048 and 1.544SyncESyncESyncET1 / E1 / MHzSMB (F)RJ45 (A)SMB (E)SMB (H)SMA (G)RJ48 (I)GNSS PTP NTP ToD IRIGB PPS PP2S SyncE T1/E1 MHzRJ45 (A)RJ45 (B)SPF (A)SPF (B)SMB (E)SMB (F)SMB (H)SMA (G)RJ48 (I)RJ48 (C)RJ48 inoutinoutinSFP (A)in/outRJ45 (B)inin/out in/outinoutinoutinoutSFP (B)RJ48 (C)RJ48 (D)

25 49SyncE to SyncE, T1/E1 & MHz 2020 ALBEDO Telecom - All rights reservedTimingSyncE / SyncEMHzSyncE is only a Frequence reference thereforecan only discipline Frequence signals.SyncE features Built-in GNSS receiver Single and Multiple constellation Fixed position mode for GNSS references Automatic setting of UTC-to-TAI offset 4 5 VDC output Cable delay compensation Automatic antenna detectionCan discipline SyncE T1/E1 MHz: 10, 5, 2.048 and 1.544 MHzT1 / E1 / MHzSyncE / SyncE SyncE / SyncE SyncE / SyncESMB (F)RJ45 (A)SMB (E)SMB (H)SMA (G)RJ48 (I)GNSS PTP NTP ToD IRIGB PPS PP2S SyncE T1/E1 MHzRJ45 (A)RJ45 (B)SPF (A)SPF (B)SMB (E)SMB (F)SMB (H)SMA (G)RJ48 (I)RJ48 (C)RJ48 inoutinoutinSFP (A)in/outRJ45 (B)inin/out in/outinoutinoutinoutSFP (B)RJ48 (C)RJ48 (D)

26 49T1/E1 to SyncE, T1/E1 & MHzSyncE 2020 ALBEDO Telecom - All rights reservedTimingMHzE1/T1 are only a Frequence referencestherefore can only discipline Frequence signals.Rates 1544 Mb/s 2048 Mb/sCan discipline SyncE T1/E1 MHz: 10, 5, 2.048 and 1.544 MHzSyncESyncESyncET1 / E1 / MHzT1 / E1SMB (F)RJ45 (A)SMB (E)SMB (H)SMA (G)RJ48 (I)GNSS PTP NTP ToD IRIGB PPS PP2S SyncE T1/E1 MHzRJ45 (A)RJ45 (B)SPF (A)SPF (B)SMB (E)SMB (F)SMB (H)SMA (G)RJ48 (I)RJ48 (C)RJ48 inoutinoutinSFP (A)in/outRJ45 (B)inin/out in/outinoutinoutinoutSFP (B)RJ48 (C)RJ48 (D)

27 49MHz to SyncE, T1/E1 & MHzSyncE 2020 ALBEDO Telecom - All rights reservedTimingBITSE1/T1 are only a Frequence referencestherefore can only discipline Frequence signals.Rates 1544 kHz 2048 kHz 5 MHz 10 MHzCan discipline SyncE T1/E1 MHz: 10, 5, 2.048 and 1.544 MHzSyncESyncESyncET1 / E1 / MHzMHzSMB (F)RJ45 (A)SMB (E)SMB (H)SMA (G)RJ48 (I)GNSS PTP NTP ToD IRIGB PPS PP2S SyncE T1/E1 MHzRJ45 (A)RJ45 (B)SPF (A)SPF (B)SMB (E)SMB (F)SMB (H)SMA (G)RJ48 (I)RJ48 (C)RJ48 inoutinoutinSFP (A)in/outRJ45 (B)inin/out in/outinoutinoutinoutSFP (B)RJ48 (C)RJ48 (D)

PRP is based on the use of two independentnetworks. The sender must send each packet twice(to LAN A and LAN B) through two separate ports.There are two types of devices:Net.TimePacket 1, Packet 2Net.TimePacket 1, Packet 2 DAN (Double Attached Node) if has PRPsupport is integrated, can be attached directly SAN (Single Attached Node) conventionalPRPParallel Redundancy ProtocolLAN AtckePaPacket 112ketPacLAN BPRP in Net.Timet2PackeDANSANNet.TimeNet.Timedevice without PRP support a RedundancyBox (redbox) is required to be connected.PRPRedboxXXXX modelConventional Clock PRP extension for IEEE 1588 / IEC 61588 Link Redundancy Entity (LRE) IEC 62439-3 Generation of RCT trailers Duplicate discard mode PRP supervision frame generation / decoding28 49 2020 ALBEDO Telecom - All rights reservedPRP Network redundancyResilience

GNSSPTP MasterInternetVoIPMPLS-TPSONETSCADAStation BusIEC 61850-8-1C/SMMSSNTP, PTPGatewayGOOSEMMSGNSSIRIG-BSNTP, PTPLAN ALAN BPRPPPT,PTSN1PPSIEDPTPNetwork redundancy is crucial formaintaining high networkavailability, and many redundancytechnologies can provide millisecondlevel recovery. However, somemission-critical and time-sensitiveapplications cannot tolerate even amillisecond of network interruptionwithout severely affecting operationsor jeopardizing the safety of on-sitepersonnel.Parallel Redundancy Protocol (PRP)provide seamless fail-over from asingle point of failure. PRP realizesactive network redundancy by packetduplication over two independentnetworks that operate in parallel.Process BusIEC 61850-8-2VTCTSwitch-gearGOOSEPTP, NTPSVNet.TimeNet.TimeBased on these two seamlessredundancy protocols, a redundancybox (Redbox) can quickly activatenon-HSR or non-PRP devicesconnected to HSR or PRP networkswith zero switch-over time.29 49 2020 ALBEDO Telecom - All rights reservedEvolution to Fault Tolerant architectureMigration

ramstntreswupdot immeatimeTDDtloesrmstnow/dputimtloesLTENet.Time ncyTime synchronization with Net.TimeIn 5G duplexing upstream and downstream use separatefrequencies, in TDD upstream and downstream share the samefrequency. FDD requires only syntonization while TDD is moreand efficient on the use of the available bandwidth but requiresFrequency and Phase Synchronization which is also know asTime synchronization.LTE-FDD (Frequency Division Duplex) timing requirements weresimilar to GSM and 3G. Only required a frequency reference.However new 5G networks are very demanding on frequency andphase requirement, particularly those architectures that considersmall cells, where the frequency reutilization is a key factor ofperformance.Net.Time signals: PTP, NTP, IRIG-B, ToD Providing Day Phase Frequency 2020 ALBEDO Telecom - All rights reservedFDDepowert im30 49Time synchronizationType

LTE / nary clockTransparent clocknativeethernetNet.Time GrandmasterNet.Timeenode-BLTENetwork3G, LTE-FDDCDMA-TDDLTE-TDD5GFrequency16 ppb 50 ppb16 ppb 50 ppb16 ppb 50 ppb16 ppb 50 ppbPhaseNot required 3 µs to 10 µs 1 µs to 5 µs 0.5 µs to 5 µsFrequency & Phase requirements of wireless networks. 2020 ALBEDO Telecom - All rights reserved31 49Telecom Wireless requirementsApplications

Microwaves TimeLTENet.Time supports Synchronous Ethernet over a copper and optical connections. This allowsoperators to utilize cables on SFP ports and still meet timing and synchronization requirementsfor demanding applications like LTE in mobile networks and microwaves links. Interfaces: RJ45 and SFP SyncE input/output Full ESMC / SSM support as per ITU-T G.8264 and G.781 Heart-beat and event SSM messages QL to be transported by the SSM 2020 ALBEDO Telecom - All rights reserved32 49SyncE (Synchronous Ethernet)Protocols

PTPNet.TimeGrand-MasterInternetMPLS-TPDatacomIEC thernetDistributionGrand-master clockGOOSEMMSSubstation 10/100 Mb/s, 1Gbs Stand-alone GNSS clock Boundary clock33 49 2020 ALBEDO Telecom - All rights reservedPower Grid synchronizationApplications

Master clock34 49Grandmaster / Boundary / Slave 2020 ALBEDO Telecom - All rights reservedTopologiesNet.Time GrandMasterNet.TimeMPLS-TPSCADA Control HMISONET14GOOSERouter73T1/E1286Net.Time EPRPLAN B1GbEDLAN AQProtocolConverserPTPclockCIEDSTATION LEVELEFBIEDProtectionSerialDataRTUNTP - PTPCMMSLBAY U MUSwitchVTCTVTCTHPROCESS LEVELNet.Time Slave

Many Utilities acquire timing from GNSS and thestation clock converts signal into a 1-pps or IRIG-Bcode, which are then distributed by dedicated links toall the IEDs in a substation. However, important to saythat this system has some weaknesses (*) beingvulnerable to human and natural disruptions that mayperturb normal operations by raising false alarms,delaying actions, and lowering system efficiency.GPS SystemGrand-master ClockNet.Time-BIEDControlSVSVSVIEDtimingI RI GPTPIRIG-BMUAnalog valuePIOSVIRIG-BTransparent ClockVTCTSwitch GearGPS is a good back-up, nevertheless modernsubstations should avoid the use of GPS as primarytime reference for critical applications because timeintegrity cannot be assured. The alternative is PTPbecause it also provides frequency and phase timingand it has the required security to deliversynchronization in a reliable way for applications suchas automation, wide-area monitoring, protection, andreal-time control.(*) Problems are produced by interferences andinstallation faults cause significant concerns about thereliability of satellite timing. Common issues includestorms, satellite decommissioning, poor antennainstallations, receiver failures, terrestrial or spacialinterferences, and malicious spoofing that may send falsetiming to receivers that in some extreme cases, this couldcause operational problems for the electric grid.35 49 2020 ALBEDO Telecom - All rights reservedstand-alone GPS clockTopologies

GNSSHMIEthernet / 4)(E1-T1)Gateway FirewallPTP MasterALBEDOMPLS-TPStation clockEthernet.1. .pps. . . . / TOD17:23 UTCPTPMMSNet.TimeSNTPSTATION BUSVTSensorCBPRIMARY POWER SYSTEMVTCTCBMMSSVSVMUIEDControlPROCESS BUSSVSVCTGOOSESVMMSPTPGOOSE, C/SSVMUIEDProtectionIEDMeasuresPROCESS BUSSVProcessBay NGOOSE, MMSBay 1MMSGOOSESensorIEDs require accurate synchronization, unfortunately SNTP does not satisfy the needs of all applications.Precision Time Protocol (IEEE 1588) with Power Profile defined in IEEE C37.238 address the requirements ofthe power industry in terms of accuracy, continuous operation (24/7) and deterministic failure behavior.ApplicationAccuracyTimingPMU1 µsAbsoluteProtection1 µsRelativeSV1 µsRelativeSCADA1 msAbsolute 2020 ALBEDO Telecom - All rights reserved36 49Substation synchronizationApplications

IEDMerging Units (MU) require PhaseSynchronization. MU digitize analogmeasurements of current / voltage.SVProcess BusIEC 61850-8-2Net.Time MUs combine and perform timeMUValues correlationNet.Time Connections from CT / VT to MU arePPSSampled and MergedPhase AVT (B)Phase Busually hardwired. The data is published in the form ofHardwired connectionsVT (A)correlation of voltages and currents of thethree phases of a line.sampled values (SV) that can be useddirectly by bay IEC and controllers and/orprotection relays that support thisprotocol.VT (C)Phase C37 49 2020 ALBEDO Telecom - All rights reservedPhase for Merging UnitsType

SUBSTATION-2Low VoltageVTCTCBCBIEEE C37.94SONETCTVTIEEE C37.94IEDIEDLatency 2 msLatency 10msLatency 2 msNet.TimeNet.TimeNet.TimeNet.TimeTele-protection: protection schemes aided by tele-communicationsTele-protection relays on communicate between substations to isolate faults of the electrical plant. Thereliability of the links is critical and must be resilient to the effects encountered in high voltage areas such ashigh frequency induction and ground potential rise.Phase synchronization is required to prevent overloads and facilitate reconnections. 2020 ALBEDO Telecom - All rights reservedSUBSTATION-1Low Voltage38 49Phase for C37.94 teleprotectionType

GNSSGrandmasterIEDs require accurate synchronization, unfortunately SNTP doesnot satisfy the needs of all cision Time Protocol (IEEE 1588) with Power Profile definedin IEEE C37.238 address the requirements of the power industryin terms of accuracy, continuous operation (24/7) anddeterministic failure behavior.Net.TimeApplicationPTPPTPPTPStation LANIEDIEDPTPIEDPTPSVMUAnalog valuePIOPTPSVSVPTPPTPSVProcess LANVTCTSwitch GearAccuracyTimingPMU1 µsAbsoluteProtection1 µsRelativeSV1 µsRelativeSCADA1 msAbsolutePhasor Measurement Units (PMU) are not part of the IEC 61580but the C37.1188 standard. PMUs are deployed across the grid foranalyzing the quality of the power service by measuringmagnitudes such as phase angle, line voltage and currentwaveforms in real-time. Values are collected at 30 to 120 samples/s, time-stamped with UTC and sent to data servers. Information isprocessed comparing many different points to know the situation,to load balance and to prevent faults. Synchrophasors haveindeed timing needs due to high-frequency reporting, the widegeographic distribution and the large number of PMUs. 2020 ALBEDO Telecom - All rights reserved39 49PTP in the SubstationProtocols

Net.Time supports the following PTP profilesGNSSPTP telecom clockEthernet1 .pps. / TOD17:23 UTCPTPALBEDOTelecom profilePTPMPLS-TPSCADANet.TimeThen it is possible to interconnect networks using differentssynchronization profiles:PTPNet.TimePower profilePTPPTPPTPStation LANIEDIEDPTPIED Telecom to Power Telecom to Utility Power to Telecom Power to Utility Utility to TelecomADVANTAGE: no need for protocol translatorPTPSVMUAnalog valuePIOPTPSVSVPTPPTPSVProcess LAN Default Telecom Power UtilityVTCTSwitch Gear40 49 2020 ALBEDO Telecom - All rights reservedPTP Profile translatorTranslator

GPS SystemA veteran on dutyDeveloped for the US Army (1960) is still iswidely used in the power and in theaerospatial industries:Grandmaster Consists of 100 bits generated everyIEDdataIRIG-BI RI G-BIRIG-BNet.TimeIEDControlsecond, 74 bits of which contain timeinformation Various time, date, time changes andtime quality information of the timesignal IEEE-1344 extension included yearSVSVSVdata informationSVMUAnalog valuePIOVTCTSwitch GearNet.Time supports IRIG-B as asynchronization signal and as a timerefererence as well.41 49 2020 ALBEDO Telecom - All rights reservedIRIG-B protocolProtocols

Conventional SubstationIEC 61850 PLS-TPBoundaryConventional clockNet.TimeStation BusIEC 61850-8-1GatewayStation BusIEC 61850-8-1GOOSE, MMSLAN ASNTP 1/10Gb/s Double portPTP over PRPIEDIEDSVProcess BusIEC ar 10/100 Mb/s, 1Gbs Stand-alone GNSS clock Boundary clock PTP, NTP, IRIG interfacesIEC 61850 clockPRPF.O.RelayLAN BF.O.F.O.SNTPGatewaySNTP, PTPNet.TimeVTCTSwitchiSensors Intelligent Gear42 49 2020 ALBEDO Telecom - All rights reservedSubstation GrandmasterTopologies

GNSSSCADASCADAPTP MasterNet.TimeF.O.SNTPGatewayF.O.Station BusIEC 61850-8-1SNTPRelayIEC 61850 substation PTP PRP SyncE NTP IRIG-B PPS T1/E1InternetStation clockNet.TimeGatewayStation BusIEC 61850-8-1GOOSE, MMSLAN ALAN BPRPPTP over PRPIEDNet.TimeProcess BusIEC 61850-8-2F.O.CopperIED IRIG-B PPS rs Intelligent GearF.O.C37.94GNSSSVE1-T1NTP clockConventional SubstationVoIP17:23 UTCSNTP, PTPSONETEthernetPTPGNSSEthernet1. .pps. / TODALBEDO 2020 ALBEDO Telecom - All rights reserved43 49Evolution to IEC 61850Migration

GNSSClient clocksPTP / SyncEPTP / SyncEEthernet / IPNTP clock NTP v2 NTP v3PTP Customized profilesPPSIRIG-B Several optionsBITS E1/T1MHz Several optionsGrandmasterNet.Time 2020 ALBEDO Telecom - All rights reservedTransportAerospatialFinance44 49Enterprise synchronizationApplications

45 49NTP serverNetwork Time Protocol support) Port A: NTP server @ 1000 transactions /GPSNet.Time NTPsec. Port B: NTP client and time ref.Net.TimeNTPT38 faxNTP versionsLAN/WANweb ServerVoIP ServerNTP NTPv3 (RFC 1305) server & client NTPv4 (RFC 5905) server & client SNTPv3 (RFC 1769) serverVoIPConfiguration Maximum/ Minimum polling intervalNTPNTP 2020 ALBEDO Telecom - All rights reservedProtocols

GNSSNet.TimeReference ClockNet.Time configured as PRC is equipped withRubidium oscillator providing timing to theSSU that can be a Net.Time with eSSUG.812SSUs receive the signal (typically T1/E1 orBITS) and filter them to avoid degradation. Inthe event of a loss of timing signal SSUbecome primary clock and must continueworking: High-quality transit SSUs used asreference for other SSUsup to20SECsup to10SSUssync network limitforPDH distributionSSUG.812sync network limitforSSU outputsync network limitforSEC output Local SSU last link to synchronizenetwork elementsA number of standards (ITU-T G.803, G.822,G.823, G.825, G.783, G.810, G.811, G.812,G.813, G.958, O.171, etc.) define the clockquality, functionality and limits of thesynchronization tree to maintain the quality ofthe signals.46 49 2020 ALBEDO Telecom - All rights reservedTelecom TDM networksApplications

Net.TimeRef1 Ref2Out1Net.TimeOut21 - External timing: The NE obtains its signal from aBITS or stand-alone synchronization equipment(SASE). This is a typical way to synchronize, and theNE usually also has an extra reference signal foremergency mSTM-n/OC-mMUX-DEMUXExternal TimingBITSSSUPrimaryReferenceLine-external TimingOther C-mSTM-n/OC-mLoop Ti

IEC 61850 Protocol IEC-61850, PTP, NTP, IRIG-B, SyncE, GPS, GOOSE, SV, PRP, HSR, C37.94 Net.Time is a Grandmaster and Boundary clock that supports PTP and NTP over PRP and multiple input/output options such as IRIG-B, 1PPS, ToD and SyncE to satisfy all timing ne