“For Expository Preachers And Teachers Of The Bible, This .
“For expository preachers and teachers of the Bible, this is truly a gold mine. Present and pastmembers of the Reformed Theological Seminary faculty have produced a volume that is longoverdue. Sound biblical-theological treatments of each book of the Old Testament, linked withgood historical and literary comments, all conclude by pointing to the fulfillment of the textsin the person and work of Jesus. With this volume, no preacher should ever feel that preachingChrist from the Old Testament is too hard or too speculative.”Graeme Goldsworthy, Former Lecturer in Old Testament, Biblical Theology,and Hermeneutics, Moore Theological College“For many Christians, the Old Testament is like a thousand pieces of a jigsaw puzzle. Wheredo you start? It helps to look at the box top and see how it all fits together. That’s what thesesuperb teachers of the church do in this insightful book.”Michael Horton, J. Gresham Machen Professor of Systematic Theology and Apologetics,Westminster Seminary California; author, Core Christianity: Finding Yourself inGod’s Story“In this volume, a number of capable biblical scholars faithfully explore the Old Testamentwritings with sensitivity and sensibility. They do an admirable job not simply in describing themain themes and theology of each book but also in artfully showing that the Old Testament hasa covenantal framework, a kingdom perspective, and Christ at its center. In brief, this is a superbvolume, which provides an understandable and informative overview of the Old Testament. Agreat antidote to an embarrassing ignorance of the Old Testament by Christians.”Michael F. Bird, Lecturer in Theology, Ridley College, Melbourne, Australia; author,Evangelical Theology“The purpose of this work, ‘to show how the vast, eclectic diversity of the Scriptures has beenwoven together by a single, divine author over the course of a millennium as the covenantaltestimony to the person and work of Jesus Christ by the power of the Holy Spirit accordingto the eternal decree of God the Father,’ is grand in itself. Yet more noble still is the pursuit ofthat goal through the combined efforts of a great faculty who are honoring the fifty-year legacyof a blessed institution steadfastly committed to the inerrancy of God’s Word and the historicdistinctives of the Christian faith.”Bryan Chapell, President Emeritus, Covenant Theological Seminary; Senior Pastor,Grace Presbyterian Church, Peoria, Illinois“A high regard for Scripture as the authoritative Word of God percolates through every chapterof this collection. Moreover, it repeatedly displays flashes of insight into the redemptive-historicaloutworking of God’s salvation plan for his people. You may not agree with the position of everyauthor, but you will be challenged to seriously consider each carefully crafted essay, all of whichare written at a very accessible level. The book achieves an excellent tone in its awareness of themany difficult questions that an honest reading of the Old Testament introduces. These contributors are also sensitive to canonical and literary concerns. Finally, this volume even includesteaching on the ‘prophetic idiom,’ and if you don’t know what that is, then take up and read!I’m so glad that Van Pelt has gathered such an able band of brothers to produce this fine book.”Bryan D. Estelle, Professor of Old Testament, Westminster Seminary California; author,Salvation through Judgment and Mercy: The Gospel according to Jonah
“Van Pelt and his colleagues offer every worshiper of Christ a means of drawing out the onestory of the King and his kingdom as it runs through the Law and the Prophets. Their analysesof the individual books of the Old Testament reveal the beauty of the whole canon. A BiblicalTheological Introduction to the Old Testament is intellectually enriching and pastorally faithful,helping the church to grow in love for the Savior through reading the Hebrew Bible. Congregantsand Bible students will find great joy in reading their Scriptures with the aid of this work!”Eric C. Redmond, Assistant Professor of Bible, Moody Bible Institute; Pastor of AdultMinistries, Calvary Memorial Church, Oak Park, Illinois
A Biblical-Theological Introductionto the Old Testament
A Biblical-TheologicalIntroduction to theOld TestamentThe Gospel PromisedEdited by Miles V. Van PeltForeword by J. Ligon Duncan III W H E AT O N , I L L I N O I S
A Biblical-Theological Introduction to the Old Testament: The Gospel PromisedCopyright 2016 by Miles V. Van PeltPublished by C rossway1300 Crescent StreetWheaton, Illinois 60187All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, ortransmitted in any form by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopy, recording, or otherwise,without the prior permission of the publisher, except as provided for by USA copyright law. Crossway is a registered trademark in the United States of America.Cover design: Studio GearboxFirst printing 2016Printed in the United States of AmericaUnless otherwise indicated, Scripture quotations are from the ESV Bible (The Holy Bible, EnglishStandard Version ), copyright 2001 by Crossway, a publishing ministry of Good News Publishers.Used by permission. All rights reserved.Scripture quotations designated JPS 1917 are from The Holy Scriptures (Old Testament), originallypublished by the Jewish Publication Society in 1917. Electronic text Copyright 1995–98 by LarryNelson (Box 1681, Cathedral City, CA 92235). All rights reserved. Used by permission.Scripture quotations marked KJV are from the King James Version of the Bible.Scripture quotations marked NASB are from The New American Standard Bible . Copyright TheLockman Foundation 1960, 1962, 1963, 1968, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1975, 1977, 1995. Used bypermission.Scripture quotations designated NET are from the NET Bible copyright 1996–2006 by Biblical StudiesPress, L.L.C. http:// net bible .com. All rights reserved. Quoted by permission.Scripture references marked NIV are taken from The Holy Bible, New International Version , NIV .Copyright 1973, 1978, 1984, 2011 by Biblica, Inc. Used by permission. All rights reservedworldwide.Scripture references marked NKJV are from The New King James Version. Copyright 1982, ThomasNelson, Inc. Used by permission.Scripture references marked NLT are from The Holy Bible, New Living Translation, copyright 1996,2004. Used by permission of Tyndale House Publishers, Inc., Wheaton, IL, 60189. All rights reserved.Scripture quotations marked TNK are taken from the JPS TANAKH (English), a new translation (intocontemporary English) of The Holy Scriptures according to the traditional Hebrew text (Masoretic).The Jewish Bible: Torah, Nevi’im, Kethuvim. Copyright 1985, 1999 by the Jewish Publication Society.All rights reserved. Used by permission.Scripture references marked RSV are from the Revised Standard Version of the Bible, copyright 1952(2nd edition, 1971) by the Division of Christian Education of the National Council of the Churches ofChrist in the United States of America. Used by permission. All rights reserved.All emphases in Scripture quotations have been added by the author.Hardcover ISBN: 978-1-4335-3346-4PDF ISBN: 978-1-4335-3349-5Mobipocket ISBN: 978-1-4335-3347-1ePub ISBN: 978-1-4335-3348-8Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication DataA biblical-theological introduction to the Old Testament : the gospel promised/ edited by Miles V. Van Pelt, PhD. : foreword by J. Ligon Duncanpages cmIncludes bibliographical references and index.ISBN 978-1-4335-3346-4 (hc)1. Bible. Old Testament—Introductions. I. Van Pelt, Miles V., 1969– editor.II. Reformed Theological Seminary (Jackson, Miss.)BS1140.3.B53 2016221.06'1—dc23 2015027432Crossway is a publishing ministry of Good News 2161
ContentsForeword 9J. Ligon Duncan IIIPreface 13Acknowledgments 15Abbreviations 17Introduction 23Miles V. Van Pelt1Genesis 43John D. Currid2Exodus 69John D. Currid3Leviticus 89Michael G. McKelvey4Numbers 107Michael J. Glodo5Deuteronomy 133John Scott Redd6Joshua 159Daniel C. Timmer7Judges 177Michael J. Glodo81–2 Samuel 203Michael G. McKelvey91–2 Kings 223William B. Fullilove10 Isaiah 247Willem A. VanGemeren11 Jeremiah 277Peter Y. Lee12 Ezekiel 305Michael G. McKelvey13 The Twelve 321Daniel C. Timmer14 Psalms 341Mark D. Futato15 Job 357Richard P. Belcher Jr.16 Proverbs 373Willem A. VanGemeren17 Ruth 399John J. Yeo18 Song of Songs 419Miles V. Van Pelt
19 Ecclesiastes 439Richard P. Belcher Jr.20 Lamentations 457Peter Y. Lee21 Esther 475Peter Y. Lee22 Daniel 495Richard P. Belcher Jr.23 Ezra–Nehemiah 515Mark D. Futato24 1–2 Chronicles 525Richard L. Pratt Jr.Appendix A: The Seventy Weeks of Daniel 9 543Richard P. Belcher Jr.Appendix B: The Role of Heavenly Beings in Daniel 547Richard P. Belcher Jr.Contributors 551General Index 555Scripture Index 563
ForewordAs we approach the five hundredth anniversary of the beginning of the ProtestantReformation of the Christian church, Reformed Theological Seminary (RTS) is entering its fiftieth year. The seminary has existed for only a small fraction of the timeof this important quarter of Christian history, but RTS has had and continues tohave a significant role in this era in which Reformed theology has enjoyed a widelyrecognized renewal and influence in the global Christian world.RTS came into being in a time when the mainline denominations and seminaries were administratively in the hands of theological moderates, neoorthodox, andliberals, but the growth curve was already with the evangelicals, both inside andoutside the mainline. While denominational apparatchiks were trying to maintaina status quo that was already on the wane, growing numbers of Christians werebecoming frustrated with theological educators who were indifferent to or hostiletoward historic Christian confessional orthodoxy and unconcerned for the gospelwork of the church. RTS was created to provide a robust, reverent, and rigoroustheological education for pastors and church leaders, particularly in Presbyterian andReformed churches yet also more broadly in the larger evangelical family, comingfrom the standpoint of a commitment to biblical inerrancy, Reformed theology, andthe Great Commission.Because RTS was confessionally defined but not denominationally controlled,the seminary could exercise influence in numerous denominational settings and ina variety of church traditions. Also, since the founders of RTS were connected to aglobal evangelical network, the seminary was able to have a worldwide reach from thebeginning. Over the years, RTS has served over eleven thousand students from somefifty denominations: Presbyterian, Reformed, Baptist, Anglican, Congregational, andmore. A seminary that began with fourteen students from one denomination in 1966now has about two thousand students annually in eight cities in the United States, inits global distance education, and in a doctoral program in São Paulo, Brazil, withstudents from every continent representing dozens of denominations, and it is thelargest Reformed evangelical seminary in the world.During that time, the academic reputation and contributions of Reformed Theological Seminary faculty have grown. In biblical studies, the RTS faculty has established a pattern of widely appreciated excellence in the fields of the Old and New
10 ForewordTestaments. To give only a few examples, consider former RTS Old Testamentprofessor O. Palmer Robertson, who played a significant role in the contemporaryresurgence of covenant theology through his book The Christ of the Covenants. FormerRTS-Jackson and current RTS-Charlotte Old Testament professor John Currid hasproduced a complete commentary on the Pentateuch and has done important workin archaeology and ancient Near Eastern studies. Longtime RTS-Orlando Old Testament professor Richard Pratt not only is a prolific author regarded for his excellentOld Testament scholarship, single-handedly producing topical articles for an entirestudy Bible, but also is known for his work on apologetics and prayer. Miles VanPelt of RTS-Jackson may be the best biblical languages professor I have ever known,with an infectious passion for canonical, Christ-centered biblical theology. FormerRTS-Jackson and current RTS-Orlando New Testament professor Simon Kistemakerserved as the longtime secretary of the Evangelical Theology Society and completedthe multivolume New Testament commentary begun by William Hendriksen. RTSOrlando professor Charles Hill is not only an acclaimed New Testament specialistbut also one of the world’s top scholars in the eschatology of early Christianity. Inaddition, RTS-Charlotte president and professor of New Testament Michael Krugeris a recognized scholar of early Christianity and has made major contributions torecent discussions of the canon of Scripture. Indeed, Kruger and Hill, along withRTS-Orlando professor John Frame, were cited by D. A. Carson in a recent plenaryaddress at the Evangelical Theology Society as having made outstanding contributions in the field of the doctrine of Scripture. RTS-Jackson New Testament scholarGuy Waters has published prolifically on various topics including ecclesiology andhas helped reshape the current debates on the theology of Paul.In an effort to pass along this world-class, faithful, consecrated scholarship tothe next generation, the Old and New Testament professors at RTS—both past andpresent—have put together two new volumes: A Biblical-Theological Introductionto the Old Testament: The Gospel Promised (edited by Miles V. Van Pelt), andA Biblical-Theological Introduction to the New Testament: The Gospel Realized(edited by Michael J. Kruger). There are several unique features and aspirationsof these volumes. First, they are aimed at pastors and interested Christian readers,rather than fellow scholars. We at RTS value and produce resources intended for ascholarly audience, but the aim of these volumes is churchly edification, hence theyare designed for accessibility. Second, they are written by scholars of biblical studieswho are unafraid of and indeed very much appreciative of dogmatics. In many seminaries, even evangelical seminaries, there exists an unhealthy relationship betweenbiblical theology and systematic theology, but at RTS we value both and want ourstudents to understand their necessary and complementary value. To understand theBible, and the Christian faith, one needs both the insights of a redemptive-historicalapproach and those of topical-doctrinal study. Third, these volumes unashamedlycome from the standpoint of biblical inerrancy and Reformed theology. A high viewof Scripture and a warm embrace of confessional Reformed theology are hallmarks
Foreword11of RTS, and these ideals shine through these books. Fourth, these introductionsare designed to be pastoral and helpful. Preachers, ministry leaders, Bible teachers,students, and others engaged in Christian discipleship are in view. We want to edifyyou and help you edify others.May these volumes bless the church of Jesus Christ for generations to come as itseeks to know his Word better and to proclaim it to the nations.J. Ligon Duncan IIIChancellor and CEOJohn E. Richards Professor of Systematic and Historical TheologyReformed Theological Seminary
PrefaceWarning! This introduction to the Old Testament may not be what you expect. Asthe title for this book suggests, our work is intentionally and self-consciously nuanced. By producing a “biblical-theological” introduction, we have set out to providea resource for pastors, teachers, and students of the Bible designed to articulate themessage(s) of each individual Old Testament book in the context of the whole canonof Scripture. As such, we not only work to understand the meaning of each individualbook in the larger context of the Old Testament, but we also recognize, affirm, andsubmit to the authoritative witness of the New Testament in establishing the full andfinal message of the Old Testament (e.g., John 5:39, 45–47; Luke 24:25–27, 44–45;Rom. 1:1–3; Heb. 12:1–3; 1 Pet. 1:11). In other words, our goal is not to dismantlethe Scriptures into as many unrelated parts as possible but rather to show how thevast, eclectic diversity of the Scriptures has been woven together by a single, divineauthor over the course of a millennium as the covenantal testimony to the personand work of Jesus Christ by the power of the Holy Spirit according to the eternaldecree of God the Father.Because of the book’s design and intended audience, we have minimized interaction with higher-critical models of analysis and devoted greater attention to issuesthat stem from an analysis of the final form of the text as represented by the HebrewMasoretic text preserved in the Leningrad Codex (B19). We have kept textual-criticaldiscussions to a minimum, except where they significantly affect larger questions ofinterpretation (e.g., the book of Jeremiah). Different books will require differentdegrees of interaction with different introductory matters. For example, the issueof human authorship does require at least some introductory attention in a volumelike this for the book of Genesis but less so for a book like Ruth. In each case, wehave allowed the text, the pedagogical context, and the good sense of the authorto establish a sensible approach to the various books in the Old Testament canon.It is also important to note that the contributors to this volume all have differentareas of interest and specialty within Old Testament studies. Additionally, we do notalways agree on how to interpret every single issue (e.g., the interpretation of the Songof Songs, the characterization of the judges in the book of Judges, or the significanceof the arrangement of the twelve Minor Prophets). It would be a shame not to allowthese distinctives to percolate through the pages of this work and to stimulate the
14 Prefaceinterests of a variety of readers. However, in order to provide a measure of unity forthe presentation of data by each author, we have chosen to organize the materialin each chapter under the following six major headings: Introduction, BackgroundIssues, Structure and Outline, Message and Theology, Approaching the New Testament, and Select Bibliography. By design, our intent is to provide readers with thepreliminary information that will faithfully guide them through the biblical text insuch a way as to understand the meaning of each biblical book in the context of thelarger, overall message of Scripture. Those who labor as ministers of the Word ofGod are called to stand and proclaim, “Thus says the Lord.” It is with this ultimate,practical goal in mind that we humbly offer our labor to the church.When abbreviations are employed in the book, we have followed The SBL Handbook of Style, second edition. Also, unless otherwise noted, we have used the EnglishStandard Version (ESV) for Bible translation.Miles V. Van Pelt
AcknowledgmentsWhere there is collaboration, gratitude abounds. It is a profound gift to serve togetherwith a group of men who love the Scriptures and labor to teach the Old Testamentto the next generation of those who will serve the church through preaching andteaching that Word (2 Tim. 2:2). The fellowship of our calling has occasioned theproduction of this resource. We all belong (or have belonged) to an institution that iscommitted to teaching all the Scriptures to our students before graduation, even theOld Testament as the gospel promised beforehand, the faithful witness to the personand work of Jesus Christ (Rom. 1:1–3). For these reasons, I am thankful for eachone of the contributors to this volume. In the midst of their already busy schedules,they have sacrificed much in order to share in this work.What connects each of the contributors to this volume is our service at ReformedTheological Seminary, both past and present. It is a great privilege for us to serve inan institution committed to the authority of Scripture and the supremacy of Christin all things. For this reason, we dedicate this work to Reformed Theological Seminary in honor of its fiftieth anniversary. As faculty members, our work would notbe possible without all the institutional help and resources provided to us—fromthe accounting office to campus security, from academic administration to facilitymaintenance and IT, including every donor, trustee, administrator, and staff member.We all labor together happily in the service of the church (1 Corinthians 12).Thank you, Justin Taylor and the whole Crossway team, for your partnershipin the production of this volume and for the convictions that we share. It is alwaysa delight to work with this group of men and women. I would also like to offer aspecial word of thanks to David Barshinger for his expert editorial work, as well ashis kindness and patience with me. Additionally, thanks are due my teaching assistants, Joseph Habib and C. L. Pearce, who enable me to carve out time for publishing through their faithful work and encouragement as we serve together. And thenthere is my family. They are the delightful earthly context for all that I do. My wife,Laurie, is the perfect reflection of steadfast, sacrificial love, and my children happily(I hope!) endure the constant ridicularity of their father.Miles V. Van Pelt
AbbreviationsABABDABRLAnchor BibleThe Anchor Bible Dictionary, ed. David Noel Freedman, 6 vols.(New York: Doubleday, 1992)Anchor Bible Reference LibraryABSArchaeology and Biblical StudiesAILAncient Israel and Its LiteratureAnBibANESSupANETAnalecta BiblicaAncient Near Eastern Studies Supplement SeriesJames B. Pritchard, Ancient Near Eastern Texts Relating to the OldTestament, 3rd ed. with supplement (Princeton: Princeton UniversityPress, 1969)ANETSAncient Near Eastern Texts and StudiesAOTCAbingdon Old Testament CommentariesAOTSAugsburg Old Testament tAmerican Oriental SeriesApollos Old Testament CommentaryAnnual of the Swedish Theological InstituteBiblical ArchaeologistBiblical Archaeology ReviewBulletin of the American Schools of Oriental ResearchBulletin for Biblical ResearchBaker Commentary on the Old Testament Wisdom and PsalmsBibliotheca Ephemeridum Theologicarum LovaniensiumBiblicaBiblical Interpretation SeriesBibSemThe Biblical SeminarBJSBrown Judaic Studies
18 AbbreviationsBJSUCSDBiblical and Judaic Studies from the University of California, SanDiegoBLSBible and Literature SeriesBMIThe Bible and Its Modern InterpretersBRevBible ReviewBSacBibliotheca SacraBTBBiblical Theology BulletinBTCBBWA(N)TBZBZAWBrazos Theological Commentary on the BibleBeiträge zur Wissenschaft vom Alten (und Neuen) TestamentBiblische ZeitschriftBeihefte zur Zeitschrift für die alttestamentliche WissenschaftCBCCambridge Bible CommentaryCBQCatholic Biblical QuarterlyCHANECJTConcCCulture and History of the Ancient Near EastCanadian Journal of TheologyConcordia CommentaryCOSThe Context of Scripture, ed. William W. Hallo, 3 vols. (Leiden: Brill,1997–2002)CTACorpus des tablettes en cunéiformes alphabétiques decouvertes à RasShamra-Ugarit de 1929 à 1939, ed. Andrée Herdner (Paris: Geuthner,1963)CTJCalvin Theological JournalCurBSDCHCurrents in Research: Biblical StudiesDictionary of Classical Hebrew, ed. David J. A. Clines, 9 vols. (Sheffield: Sheffield Phoenix, 1993–2014)DJDDiscoveries in the Judean DesertEBSEncountering Biblical StudiesECCEerdmans Critical CommentaryFATForschungen zum Alten TestamentFCIFoundations of Contemporary InterpretationFOTLFRLANTHALOTHATForms of the Old Testament LiteratureForschungen zur Religion und Literatur des Alten und NeuenTestamentsThe Hebrew and Aramaic Lexicon of the Old Testament, by LudwigKoehler, Walter Baumgartner, and Johann J. Stamm, trans. and ed.under the supervision of Mervyn E. J. Richardson, 4 vols. (Leiden:Brill, 1994–1999)Handbuch zum Alten Testament
AbbreviationsHOTEHSHSMHThKATHTRHUCAHandbooks for Old Testament ExegesisHebrew StudiesHarvard Semitic MonographsHerders Theologischer Kommentar zum Alten TestamentHarvard Theological ReviewHebrew Union College AnnualIBCInterpretation: A Bible Commentary for Teaching and PreachingIBTInterpreting Biblical TextsICCInternational Critical CommentaryIJSTInternational Journal of Systematic TheologyIntInterpretationITCInternational Theological CommentaryJAJJournal of Ancient JudaismJAOSJBLJBPRJournal of the American Oriental SocietyJournal of Biblical LiteratureJournal of Biblical and Pneumatological ResearchJBRJournal of Bible and ReligionJCSJournal of Cuneiform StudiesJETSJHebSJNESJournal of the Evangelical Theological SocietyJournal of Hebrew ScripturesJournal of Near Eastern StudiesJPSJewish Publication SocietyJQRJewish Quarterly ReviewJSOTJSOTSupJTSKELLBLBCLHBOTSLSAWSMAJTJournal for the Study of the Old TestamentJournal for the Study of the Old Testament Supplement SeriesJournal of Theological StudiesKregel Exegetical LibraryLinguistica BiblicaLayman’s Bible CommentaryLibrary of Hebrew Bible / Old Testament StudiesLinguistic Studies in Ancient West SemiticMid-America Journal of TheologyMCMesopotamian CivilizationsNACNew American CommentaryNCBNew Century Bible19
20 umenNew International Biblical Commentary on the Old TestamentNew International Commentary on the Old TestamentNew International Dictionary of Old Testament Theology andExegesis, ed. Willem A. VanGemeren, 5 vols. (Grand Rapids, MI:Zondervan, 1997)NIV Application CommentaryNew Studies in Biblical Theology (InterVarsity Press)New Studies in Biblical Theology (Eerdmans)New Testament and the Scriptures of IsraelNumen: International Review for the History of ReligionsOBOOrbis Biblicus et OrientalisOBTOvertures to Biblical TheologyOTGOld Testament GuidesOTMOxford Theological MonographsOTSOld Testament StudiesOtStOudtestamentische StudiënRevQRTRRevue de QumranReformed Theological ReviewSBABStuttgarter biblische AufsatzbändeSBJTThe Southern Baptist Journal of TheologySBLSociety of Biblical LiteratureSBLDSSociety of Biblical Literature Dissertation SeriesSBLMSSociety of Biblical Literature Monograph SeriesSBTSBTSSCSSHBCSHRSJOTSJTSNTSMSSOTBTSRStudies in Biblical TheologySources for Biblical and Theological StudySeptuagint and Cognate StudiesSmyth & Helwys Bible CommentaryStudies in the History of ReligionsScandinavian Journal of the Old TestamentScottish Journal of TheologySociety for New Testament Studies Monograph SeriesStudies in Old Testament Biblical TheologyStudies in ReligionSSUStudia Semitica UpsaliensiaSTIStudies in Theological Interpretation
AbbreviationsSubBiSubsidia BiblicaSymSSymposium SeriesTAPATransactions of the American Philological AssociationTBCTorch Bible CommentariesTBSTopics for Biblical StudyTDOTTJTLOTTLZTheological Dictionary of the Old Testament, ed. G. Johannes Botterweck and Helmer Ringgren, trans. John T. Willis et al., 8 vols. (GrandRapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1974–2006)Trinity JournalTheological Lexicon of the Old Testament, ed. Ernst Jenni, withassistance from Claus Westermann, trans. Mark E. Biddle, 3 vols.(Peabody, MA: Hendrickson, 1997)Theologische LiteraturzeitungTOTCTyndale Old Testament CommentariesTynBulTyndale BulletinUCOPVTVTSupUniversity of Cambridge Oriental PublicationsVetus TestamentumSupplements to Vetus TestamentumWBCWord Biblical CommentaryWTJWestminster Theological JournalWUNTYOSRZAWWissenschaftliche Untersuchungen zum Neuen TestamentYale Oriental S
helping the church to grow in love for the Savior through reading the Hebrew Bible. Congregants and Bible students will find great joy in reading their Scriptures with the aid of this work!” Eric C. Redmond, Assistant Professor of Bible, Moody Bible Institute; Pastor of Adul
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