Peace Corps/Niger An Introduction To The Hausa Language
Peace Corps/NigerAn Introduction to the Hausa Language[Please note: Your success as a Peace Corps Volunteer in Niger is largely predicated on your knowledgeand understanding of local languages. You will find both introductory lessons for Hausa and Zarmaonline. Both languages are useful in Niger, and you will surely use them as you move throughout thecountry, during the course of your Peace Corps service. That said, your primary language will not bedecided until after a few weeks in-country. In fact, in may be another, lesser spoken language (such asFulfulde or Tamacheq). As a result, Peace Corps/Niger encourages you to practice both Hausa andZarma, but be prepared and flexible since any language could become your key to success.]Table of ContentsHistory of the Language (no audio)Lesson 1: PronunciationLesson 2: Greetings (Vocabulary)Lesson 3: Greetings (Typical)Lesson 4: Greetings (Short Cuts)Lesson 5: Expressions for taking leaveLesson 6: Dialogue on greetingsLesson 7: ExpressionsLesson 8: Days of the week / Months of the yearLesson 9: Time (adverbs of time)Lesson 10: Numbers (1-20)Lesson 11: Numbers (21 through one million)Lesson 12: MoneyLesson 13: Vocabulary (food items)Lesson 14: MeasurementsLesson 15: Asking for prices / Question wordsLesson 16: Expressing needsLesson 17: Dialogue on bargainingLesson 18: Weather (useful expressions and seasons)Lesson 19: The Verb “to be” (in three parts); Part 1 – the “ne/ce” sandwichLesson 20: Part 2 – negationLesson 21: Part 3 – the –na formLesson 22: The future tenseLesson 23: The past tenseLesson 24: Past tense negativePages 1616-171717-1818
The text accompanies the following twenty-four (24) audio tracks: NE Hausa Lesson 1.mp3NE Hausa Lesson 2.mp3NE Hausa Lesson 3.mp3NE Hausa Lesson 4.mp3NE Hausa Lesson 5.mp3NE Hausa Lesson 6.mp3NE Hausa Lesson 7.mp3NE Hausa Lesson 8.mp3NE Hausa Lesson 9.mp3NE Hausa Lesson 10.mp3NE Hausa Lesson 11.mp3NE Hausa Lesson 12.mp3NE Hausa Lesson 13.mp3NE Hausa Lesson 14.mp3NE Hausa Lesson 15.mp3NE Hausa Lesson 16.mp3NE Hausa Lesson 17.mp3NE Hausa Lesson 18.mp3NE Hausa Lesson 19.mp3NE Hausa Lesson 20.mp3NE Hausa Lesson 21.mp3NE Hausa Lesson 22.mp3NE Hausa Lesson 23.mp3NE Hausa Lesson 24.mp3(Time: 3:13) (File Size: 2.94 MB)(Time: 3:02) (File Size: 2.79 MB)(Time: 5:01) (File Size: 4.60 MB)(Time: 3:28) (File Size: 3.17 MB)(Time: 1:29) (File Size: 1.35 MB)(Time: 2:28) (File Size: 2.27 MB)(Time: 1:31) (File Size: 1.40 MB)(Time: 2:45) (File Size: 2.51 MB)(Time: 2:43) (File Size: 2.50 MB)(Time: 2:38) (File Size: 2.41 MB)(Time: 3:12) (File Size: 2.93 MB)(Time: 4:45) (File Size: 4.35 MB)(Time: 6:12) (File Size: 5.67 MB)(Time: 2:00) (File Size: 1.83 MB)(Time: 3:50) (File Size: 3.51 MB)(Time: 4:52) (File Size: 4.45 MB)(Time: 1:45) (File Size: 1.60 MB)(Time: 1:21) (File Size: 1.24 MB)(Time: 3:16) (File Size: 2.99 MB)(Time: 3:59) (File Size: 3.64 MB)(Time: 3:32) (File Size: 3.24 MB)(Time: 2:36) (File Size: 2.38 MB)(Time: 2:33) (File Size: 2.33 MB)(Time: 4:12) (File Size: 3.85 MB)Introduction to Hausa, Peace Corps/Niger April 20062
Peace Corps/NigerAn Introduction to the Hausa LanguageA Little Bit of History Tarihi a takaiceThe following history of the Hausa language has been adapted from Teach Yourself Hausa, Charles H.Kraft, Ph.D., and A. H. M. Kirk-Green, M.A., NTC Publishing Group: Chicago, 1994.Hausa historically is primarily the name of a language rather than of a people. By extension, it has cometo be used to describe the majority group of northern Nigerians and south-central Nigeriens, linked by asense of unity based on a common language, history and customs. Ethnically, however, there existssome heterogeneity within this group, and religion-wise there are a few Christian and animist Hausa aswell as many Muslim Hausa.The present-day Hausa people originate from the Hausa Bakwai, the seven historical states of Kano,Katsina, Daura, Zazzau (Zaria), Biram, Gobir and Rano, which form the nucleus of the Kano, NorthCentral and North-western states of Nigeria and of the contiguous portion of Niger Republic. These statesflourished some 400 years ago; Kano city is reputed to be a thousand years old. At the beginning of thenineteenth century, the Fulani of Sokoto incorporated the governments of the Hausa Bakwai into theSokoto empire, the foundation of the political entity recognized up to 1966 as the Northern Region ofNigeria. The kingdom of Bornu, along with the remainder of present-day North-eastern, Benu-Plateau andKwara states, remained outside the mainstream of Hausa and later Fulani influence.Those ancient states where Hausa was spoken, but not as a mother tongue, were known as the BanzaBakwai, the seven ‘illegitimate’ ones. They included such areas as Ilorin (Yoruba), Nupe, Yauri, Kebbi,Kwararafa (Jukun), Gwari and Zamfara. Gwari is a term still used to refer contemptuously to one whohaltingly stammers out pidgin-Hausa: Bagwari ne. Its opposite, the flattery given to a foreigner whospeaks fluent Hausa, is ‘Ya iya Hausa kama jakin Kano,’ literally he speaks Hausa like a Kano donkey, asthe Kano dialect is the one normally accepted as ‘standard’ Hausa.Hausa is classified by J. H. Greenberg as a member of the Chadic group of the Afroasiatic family oflanguages. It is, therefore, more closely related genetically to Arabic, Hebrew, Berber and other membersof the Afroasiatic family than are most of the rest of the languages of sub-Saharan Africa. To this extent,Hausa is not a ‘typical’ African language. The conceptual framework of the Hausa-speaking peoplesexpressed through the language is, however, definitely African and bears a close relationship to thatexpressed through more ‘typically’ African Niger-Kordofanian languages to the south of Hausa.The cultural influence of the Near East upon the Hausa people is, however, quite prominent and isreflected in the language. The influence of Muslim thought and culture may be said to permeate manyaspects of Hausa life and language. Borrowings of concepts (especially religious and philosophical) andvocabulary are recognizable at every turn.As one result of early Muslim influence, Hausa has a literary tradition extending back several centuriesbefore contact with Western culture. Hausa was first written in an Arabic script known as ajami. Todaythis representation of the language is largely restricted to Muslim scholars, diviners (malamai) and theirKoranic schools, having been superceded for most purposes by the Roman script (minus the diacritics).Introduction to Hausa, Peace Corps/Niger April 20063
Lesson 1Pronunciation Tishin maganaVowelsaeiou“a” as in “father”“ay” as in “day”sometimes as in English “big” and sometimes as inEnglish “machine”as in “bone”“oo” as in “tooth”(hanya road)(gemi beard)(cikin in)(ji to hear)(To! Okay!)(kudi money)Consonantsb, d, n, k, l,m, n, t, w, zcfgjnrsyare as in Englishis always pronounced like the “ch” of “church”Varies according to region; Around Zinder it is like anEnglish “f,” but as one continues west in Niger, ittakes on more of an “hw” or “h” sound.(fad’i to say, is pronounced “hwad’i” in westernregions, and Filingué is pronounced “Hilingué”)is always hard, as in “goose”like the French “j” in “juillet”often has an “ng” quality to it, like the word “bang”is rolled as in Italian or Spanishis always like the word “say;” never like in the word“please”is like in the word “yes”(ciki stomach)(gemi beard)(jiya yesterday)(wannan this, ispronounced“wannang”)(runfa hangar)(kasa earth, land,soil)(yau today)Special Sounds in Hausab’(kub’ewa okra)d’k’ts(d’aki house, room)(k’ak’a how)(tsada expensive)becomes a sort of implosive “ch”sound as one moves west in Niger.Listen to the way it is pronounced inyour area‘y(‘ya daughter)This last group of sounds is nearly impossible to describe on paper and are best learned by listening to and imitatinga native speaker.Introduction to Hausa, Peace Corps/Niger April 20064
Lesson 2Greetings GaisuwaVocabulary on Greetings kalmomin ouse, home, familytomorrowthanking, gratitudeto restfamilybodystate of good healthmale teacher, sirfemale teacher, madamevening, afternoonin the afternoonday, daytime, sunduring the day, at middaythe morningin the morninghello, hi(expr.) that’s right, ahutawaiyalijikilahiyamalammalamamareceda mareceranada ranasaheda sahesannuyawwaLesson 3Typical greetings Gaisuwar ta masammanGood morning, did you sleep well?Yes my health is goodHow is your house or your family?Everyone in my house is wellHow is your tiredness?I am not tiredHow is your work?No problemOkay, see you laterIna kwana?Lahiya lauIna gidaGida duka lahiyaIna gajiya?Babu gajiyaIna aiki?Aiki da godiyaTo, sai anjimaIntroducing oneself bada saniMy name is ManiWhat is your name? (to male)What is your name? (to female)My name is JemillaI am Nigerien (for male)Sunana ManiMi sunanka?Mi sunanki?Sunana JemillaNi mutumen Nijar neIntroduction to Hausa, Peace Corps/Niger April 20065
I am Nigerien (for female)And you? (for male)And you? (for female)I am MalianI am Malian (for female)I am a teacher, and you? (for male)I am a teacher, and you? (for female)I am a doctor/nurse (for male)I am a doctor/nurse (for female)Ni mutumniyar Nijar ceKai Fa?Ke fa?Ni mutumen Mali neNi mutumniyar Mali ceNi malamin makaranta ne kai fa ?Ni malamar makaranta ce, Ke fa?Ni likita neNi likita ceLesson 4Greetings (Short Cuts) gaisuwa a takaiceHello!Greetings on your work!Greetings on your effort!Greetings at (around) noon!Greetings on your coming! Welcome!Greetings on your resting!Greetings on your visit! Thanks for taking thetime to visit!Greetings on your chat!Greetings on your intentions/plans!Sannu!Sannu da aiki!Sannu da kokari!Sannu da rana!Sannu da zuwa!Sannu da hutawa!Sannu da kula!Sannu da hira!Sannu da niyya!All of these would be answered with “Yawwa!” or “Sannu kadai!”Barka greetingsGreetings on your coming!Greetings on the early morning!Greetings in the morning!Greetings at noon!Greetings in the afternoon!Greetings on the market!Greetings on the birth!Greetings on the marriage!Greetings on the holiday!Greetings on drinking water!(used during the month of Ramadan)Greetings on the new year!Barka da zuwa!Barka da asuba!Barka da kwana!Barka da rana!Barka da ini!Barka da kasuwa!Barka da haihuwa!Barka da arme/aure!Barka da salla!Barka da shan ruwa!Barka da sabuwa shekara!** For Barka! Greetings, in general, (or, “God bless you” after you sneeze, after you have survived anaccident, after you have recovered from an illness, after you have given birth to a healthy baby, when youget married, or after you have had a stroke of good luck), people will say, “Barka!”Introduction to Hausa, Peace Corps/Niger April 20066
Lesson 5Expressions for taking leave kalmomin ban kwanaSee you later (lit. until later)Sai anjimaSee you tomorrowSai gobeSee you some day/another daySai wata ranaUntil your return (f./m.)Sai ka/kin dawoHappy celebrationBarka da sallaSee you in a yearSai badiMay we sleep in health (Good Night)Mu kwana lahiyaMay we sleep with a blessingMu kwan da alheriLesson 6Dialogue on greetings mutane biyu suna gaisuwa“G” Greeting “R” ResponseG : Peace be with you.R: And also with you.G: How did you sleep?R: In health.G: How's the work?R: (I'm) grateful for the work.G: How's the tiredness?R: No tiredness.G: How's the family?R: The family is in health.G: How did you pass the day?R: In health.G: See you later.R: Okay, see you later.G: Salamu alaikum.R: Amin. Alaikum salam.G: Ina kwana?R: Lahiya lau.G: Ina aiki?R: Aiki da godiya.G: Ina gajiya?R: Babu gajiya.G: Ina gida?R: Gida lahiya lau.G: Ina ini?R: Lahiya lau.G: Sai anjima.R: To, sai anjima.Lesson 7Expressions kalmomiWhere are you from? (m.)Where are you from? (f.)I am from America.I "hear” Hausa a little. (small small)I don't understand.I don't know.Speak slowly.Alright! That's great!Thanks! I’m grateful!Daga ina kake? (m.)Daga ina kike? (f.)Daga Amerika nike.Ina jin Hausa kadan kadan.Ban gane ba.Ban sani ba.Fadi sannu sannu.Yawwa! Ya yi kyau!Sannu! Na gode!Introduction to Hausa, Peace Corps/Niger April 20067
Lesson 8Days of the Week kwanaki cikin LahadiAsking for the date tambaya ranaWhat day is it?Today is MondayWace rana ce Yau?Yau litinin ceMonths of the Year watanni cikin shekara(Christian sambaLesson 9When? YausheAdverbs of TimeTodayLater onAt noonAfter sunsetAgoA while agoTwo weeks agoA long time agoNot so long agoNext monthNext yearYauIn an jimaDa mareceIn rana ta fadiYau da DazuYau da sati biyuDa dadewaBa’a dade baWatan gobeBadiIntroduction to Hausa, Peace Corps/Niger April 20068
SoonYesterdayThe day before yesterdayAt that momentLast yearThe year before lastTomorrowThe day after tomorrowTwo days from nowNan gaba kadanJiyaShekaran jiyaLokacin nanBaraBara waccanGobeJibiGataLesson 10Numbers itakwastaragomaCounting from ten to twenty kilgo daga goma zuwa ashirin* The numbers between 10 and 20 are formed by saying “ten sha.”11121314151617181920goma sha dayagoma sha biyugoma sha ukkugoma sha hudugoma sha biyargoma sha shidagoma sha bakwaigoma sha takwasgoma sha taraashirinLesson 11Numbers (21 through one million)* For numbers after twenty, da is placed between the tens digit and the ones digit.2122232425ashirin da dayaashirin da biyuashirin da ukkuashirin da huduashirin da biyarIntroduction to Hausa, Peace Corps/Niger April 20069
,9991,000,000ashirin da shidaashirin da bakwaiashirin da takwasashirin da miya taradaridari biyudari ukkudubudubu biyudubu gomadubu dari tara da gomiya tara da tarada dari tara da gomiya tara da taramiliyon gudaLesson 12Money kudiThe money system in Hausa is not at all difficult if you have learned the regular numbers, and ifyou keep in mind that where the French count by 5's (5 francs, 10 francs, etc), the Hausascount by 1's. The name for the 5-franc piece in Hausa is dala.At a certain point, however, it is almost easier to abandon mathematics altogether and to simplystart seeing certain coins and bills as a name rather than as a multiple of 5. For instance, yousee a 100 cfa coin and think, “dala ashirin” or a 500 cfa coin and say, “dala dari.”5 francs10 francs15 francs20 francs25 francs30 francs35 francs40 francs45 francs50 francs55 francs60 francs65 francs70 francs75 francs80 francsdaladala biyudala ukkudala hududala biyardala shiddadala bakwaidala takwasdala taradala gomadala goma sha dayadala goma sha biyudala goma sha ukkudala goma sha hududala goma sha biyardala goma sha shiddaIntroduction to Hausa, Peace Corps/Niger April 200610
85 francs90 francs95 francs100 francs110 francs150 francs200 francs250 francs275 francs300 francs350 francs400 francs450 francs500 francs1,000 francs1,500 francs2,000 francs5,000 francs10,000 francsdala goma sha bakwaidala goma sha takwasdala goma sha taradala ashirindala ashirin da biyudala talatindala arba’indala hamsindala hamsin da biyardala sittindala saba’indala tamanindala tasa’indala darijikka(dala) dari ukkujikka biyujikka biyarjikka gomaLesson 13Vocabulary / food items kalmomi bisa yOnionBanana, PlantainHot PepperPeanut resin (w/ oilremoved)BreadDatesSweet PotatoIrish PotatoAlawaAlbasaAyabaBarkonoKuli kuliSorghumYamFried Wheat-Flour CakeWheat FlourPowderWheat Flour PowderMillet Flour PowderCorn/Maize PowderCassava FlourDawaDoyaHwankeHulawaGariGarin hulawaGarin hatsiGarin masaraGarin rogoBurodiDabinoDankaliDankalin turawaIntroduction to Hausa, Peace Corps/Niger April 2006Fried bean cakeOkraGinger(literally “thepepper w/ leprosy”)EggsOrangeLemonOilPeanut OilKosaiKubewaKuturun yajiCow butterMelonMangoFried millet-flourcakeSauce, soup, stewPotatoCassava (“manioc”)Salad, lettuceChewing gumRiceCabbage (“chou”)SugarGarlicMan shanuMaloMangwaroMasaKwaiLemuLemun tsamiMaiMan ukariTafarnuwa11
SaltKola KabewaKaramfaniCarrotKarotiCondiments for soup/sauceFishKayan miyaKihiHot pepperPeanut ButterTomatoHot pepper (var.)BeansLocal eggplant,bitter tomatoSpice mixture usedon YajiZumaLesson 14Measurements awoPlastic jugSackLarge 40 liter bottleBottleBundle of grainGramA little, a fewMeasured pileKilogramCupEnamelware bowlLiterMeter40 liter plastic receptaclePacketBowl used for measuringquantities of cereal, grains, etc.TonOil sson 15Asking for prices tambaya farashiHow much is it?It is twenty francs.How much is each?They are twenty-five francs each.How much are the matches?How much is a pile of potatoes?Nawa ne?Dala ashirin ne.Nawa nawa ne?Dala biyar biyar ne.Nawa ne kudin ashana?Nawa ne kashin dankalin turawa?Introduction to Hausa, Peace Corps/Niger April 200612
Question words kalmomin tambayoyiHow much/how many?When?How?What?Where?Why/for what reason?Who?Which? (Fem.)Which? (Masc.)Nawa?Yaushe?Kaka/yaya?Mi?Ina?Dommi/saboda mi?Wa?Wace?Wane?Lesson 16Expressing needs kalmomi bisa bukatuWhat do you want?I want a soda.What do you need?I need money.Where do you want to go?We want to go to the market.What do you want to do?I want to study.What do you want?We want water.What do you want?Please, I’d like some change.What do you want?I want food.Do you like coffee?No. I don’t like coffee.What do you want to eat?I want to eat rice and sauceIs she hungry?She’s not hungry.Why does she need money?She needs money because shewants to buy a pagne.Where are you going?I want to go to the toilet.What does he feel?He is thirsty.What is it? What’s up?It’s nothing.How do you feel?I’m sleepy.They are not sleepy.What do you need?I need letters from home!!Mi kake so?Ina son lemon kwalba.Mi kike bukata?Ina bukata kudi.Ina kuke so ku tahi?Muna so mu tahi kasuwa.Mi kake so ka yi?Ina so in yi karatu.Mi kuke so?Muna son ruwa.Mi kake so?Don Allah, ina son canji.Mi kike so?Ina son abinci.Kina son kafe?A’a. Ba ni son kafe.Mi kake so ka ci?Ina so in ci shinkafa da miyaTana jin yunwa?Ba ta jin yunwa.Dommi take buk’ata kud’i?Tana bukata kud’i sabodatana so ta sayi zane.Ina za ka?Ina so in je makewaya.Mi yake ji?Yana jin kishirwa.Mine ne?Babu komi.Kaka kike ji?Ina jin kwana.Ba su jin barci.Mi kike bukata?Ina bukata wasik’u daga gida!!Introduction to Hausa, Peace Corps/Niger April 200613
Lesson 17Dialogue on Bargaining cinikiA:B:A:B:A:B:A:B:Good morning shopkeeper.Good morning Binta, what do youwant?I want soap, how much is it?Hundred and fifty francsOK, here are two-hundred francs,give me change.There is your change.See you later.See you later.Ina kwana mai kanti.Lahiya lau Binta, mi kike so?Ina son sabuli, nawa ne kudin?Dala talatin ne.To, ga dala arba’in, bani canji.To, ga canji.Sai an jima.To, mu jima dayawa.Lesson 18Weather yanayiUseful expressions kalmomi masu anfaniToday it's hot and humid.Today it’s hot.Today it’s cold.Today it’s sunny.Today it’s windy.Today it’s stormy.Yau ana gumi.Yau ana zahi.Yau ana sanyi.Yau ana rana.Yau ana iska.Yau akwai hadari.Seasons lokutan shekaraRainy seasonDry seasonHarvest seasonHot muggy season before the rains comeDamanaRaniKakaBazaraLesson 19The Verb “to be” (in three parts)Part 1: The Ne/Ce SandwichThe particles ne (masculine) and ce (feminine) are used with the following pronouns whentalking about something you “are” (such as a teacher, a woman, an American, etc.).I amYou are (f.)You
Peace Corps/Niger An Introduction to the Hausa Language [Please note: Your success as a Peace Corps Volunteer in Niger is largely predicated on your knowledge and understanding of local languages. You will find both introductory lessons for Hausa and Zarma
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COS/CA Comité d’Orientation Stratégique du Conseil Agricole . 3 Introduction to Niger and its Agriculture The Republic of Niger is one of the largest countries in Africa. The population of Niger was . girls was 70 percent in primary school and only 29 percent in lower secondary school
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Anatomy is the study of the structure of living things. b. Physiology is the science of the functioning of living organisms and their component parts. SELF-ASSESSMENT EXERCISE 2 i. Factors that determine divisions in anatomy are: a. Degree of structural detail under consideration 5. HEM 604 BASIC ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF HUMAN BODY b. Specific processes c. Medical application ii. The analysis .
