EPAct Complementary Program- Extreme Offshore
EPAct Complementary Program- Extreme OffshoreNETL Complementary Program ResearchOffice of Research and DevelopmentNational Energy Technology LaboratorySeptember 26th, 2012
The NETL Complementary Program Targeting top offshore/UDW spill risksIAM Toolsfor GOMBarriers &Controls MetalsBarriers &Controls CementsHPHTFluids/EOSMultiphaseflowRisk &ImpactsSchematic representation of offshore spill riskprofile-Izon et al. 2007% of recorded spills &drilling phase in the GOM &North Sea-Source: SINTEF Database2 Cementing Failures Equipment & Casing Failures Higher risk targets,“exploratory” systems
Characterizing the behavior of metal-based systemsused for control devices in extreme environmentsInitial risk assessment requires a firm basis ofmaterials behavior in extreme environments.Complementary Program is focused on keyoffshore materials for which data in extremeenvironments are limited, including tubularsfor all operations & BOP componentsNETL deepwater material experimentalstudies: Evaluated strength/corrosion potential of mostcommon UDW alloys at extreme conditions(pressure, temperature, H2S, etc)– Will result in a pit/fatigue model tool toassess catastrophic failure potential andpredict how, when, etc Research to evaluate effect of surface treatmentson corrosion & fatigue behavior at HPHT3CrackedBHA
FY13: Characterizing the behavior of metal-based systems used forcontrol devices in extreme environmentsContinue testing Corrosion Resistant Alloys (CRA’s) to study:– Corrosion fatigue behavior alloys in sour environments– The role of anodic dissolution behavior in corrosion fatigueprocess– The expanded use materials to HPHT conditions.Experimental analysis of UDW material interrelationships underHPHT and sour conditions– Focus on 4 most commonly used alloysEvaluate effect of surface treatments on corrosion & fatiguebehavior at HPHT/sour cond.– Hammer peening vs. Low Plasticity Burnishing (LPB) vs. laserpeeningEvaluate the catalytic properties of H2S in the corrosiondegradation of high-strength steels– H2S molecules have catalytic properties and adversely influencecorrosion resistance of the carbon and low alloy steels.Recent/Upcoming Presentations:Effects of Hammer Peening and Aging Treatment on Microstructure, Mechanical Properties and CorrosionResistance of Oil-Grade Alloy 718,” Superalloys 2012: 12th International Symposium on Superalloys, 9-13September 2012 (T.Chen, H. John, J. Xu, J.A. Hawk and X. Liu.4Effect of Sour Environment pH on Crack Morphology in Ultra Strength Drilling Steel under Cyclic Stress,"accepted 222nd Electrochemical Society Meeting, 7-12 October 2012 (M. Ziomek-Moroz, J. A. Hawk, R.Thodla, and F. Gul).
Deepwater Cement BarriersInitial risk assessment requires a firm basis of materials behavior in extreme environments.Complementary Program is focused on key offshore materials for which data in extremeenvironments are limited, including foam cementsNETL deepwater cement studies: Demonstrated proof-of-protocol for laboratory-based characterization of deep offshore foam cementsInitiated experiments to evaluate performance of deep offshore foam cements under in situ conditions Utilizing NETL’s unique facilities and capabilities from hydrate program, Macando response, andonshore subsurface cement R&DExperiments at in situ conditions on lab and potential field generated samplesImprove knowledge toensure safe operation inwhich foam cements areused in the deep offshoreenvironmentFoam cementbubble sizedistribution (colorcoded), NETL CTvideo51”d, 14 µmresolution
NEW RESULTS 2.2 DETERMINING THE PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL BEHAVIOROF CEMENT BARRIERS USED IN ULTRA-DEEP WATER SYSTEMSA log log plot suggests apossible power lawrelationship between bubblevolume and frequency.Ultraperm-500 flowthrough unitAbsolute Permeability using different Confining PressuresAbsolute Permeability Changes During Curing Time0.50000.50000.45000.40000.35000.3000Perm. 7 days0.2500Perm. 14 days0.2000Perm. 21 days0.1500Perm. 28 days0.1000Permeability (mD)Permeability (mD)0.45000.40000.35000.3000Permeability at 1000 psiconfining pressure0.2500Permeability at 2500 psiconfining pressure0.20000.15000.10000.05000.05006Sample NumberSample NumberPreliminary Information Only
FY13: Deepwater Cement Barriers 7Foamed cements are being studied using NETL’s industrial andmedical CT scanners. These have the capability to providesubmicron to micron resolution and 3D imaging data.– Bubble size and spatial distribution of the bubbles are beingvisualized and measured under a variety of conditions.Execute experimental studies on samples including:1. Atmospheric foam generated with the current test method(API RP 10B-4)2. Pressure generated foamed cement in the lab (usingSchlumberger’s Pressure Foamed Cement Generator)3. Potential for field generated foamed cement sampleModeling spatial distribution of gas bubbles in foamedcement systems– Correlate existing test methodNew effort examining integrity of formation:cement:casing seal& barrier
Inside view of Density cellUDW Portfolio - HPHT FluidsBubble pointDeveloping critical data for predicting in situ conditions required forassessing risk, borehole/drilling design, loss of control conditionsin deepwater & ultra-deepwater settingsData are needed to predict fluid flow under extreme conditions.Based on unique experimental capabilities, NETL deepwaterEOS/HPHT fluids studies focus on: Expanding density and viscosity databases for hydrocarboncompounds to UDW Integrating NETL database with existing lower T and P data forcomprehensive database Development of equations of state with greatly improved accuracy Extend modeling and experimental studies into polymer (additives) hydrocarbon phase, density, and viscosity behavior Deploy interactive database of results & tool for science-baseddecision making needsLiquid-Liquid-VaporDensity of nPentane0.8Solids forming0.7Density (g/ccm)0.6Audonnet, 86 FAudonnet, 176 FLee, 100 FLee, 160 FLee, 220 FLee, 280 FLee, 340 FLee, 400 FLee, 460 FMcHugh, 167 FMcHugh, 230 FMcHugh, 302 FKiran, 122 FKiran, 212 FKiran, 284 FKiran, 338 FOliveira, 122 FPalavra, 121 F0.50.40.30.20.1Audonnet, 122 FAudonnet, 230 FLee, 130 FLee, 190 FLee, 250 FLee, 310 FLee, 370 FLee, 430 FMcHugh, 122 FMcHugh, 212 FMcHugh, 266 FKiran, 113 FKiran, 167 FKiran, 257 FKiran, 311 FOliveira, 86 FPalavra, 91 FPalavra, 157 F0.08010,00020,000Pressure (psia)30,00040,000
FY13: Quantifying complex fluid-phase properties athigh pressure / high temperature (HPHT)Density (g/ml)– Complete viscosity tests for 10 focus hydrocarbons:0.7 149.9 C 52 C0.60.5 247.3 C0.4010,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000C3H8, (propane) C5H12, (n-pentane) C8H18, (n-octane) C8H16,(cyclo-octane) C8H18, (2,2,3-trimethyl pentane) C10H22, (ndecane) C16H34, (n-hexadecane) C18H38, (n-octadecane)C20H42, (n-eicosane) and C7H8, (toluene).Sapphire Windows(observe rolling ball)Environmental ChamberDensity of nPentane0.80.70.6Density (g/ccm)– Extend the density data base over the entire PT range– Extend the viscometer cell to allow simultaneousmeasurement of density with the viscosity at the sameconditions.– Phase behavior and density studies on binary andternary mixtures– Extend modeling and experimental studies intopolymer (additives) hydrocarbon phase, density, andviscosity behavior– Deploy online, interactive database of results forindustry, regulatory, science-based decision makingneeds (through EDX)SapphireWindowAudonnet, 86 FAudonnet, 176 FLee, 100 FLee, 160 FLee, 220 FLee, 280 FLee, 340 FLee, 400 FLee, 460 FMcHugh, 167 FMcHugh, 230 FMcHugh, 302 FKiran, 122 FKiran, 212 FKiran, 284 FKiran, 338 FOliveira, 122 FPalavra, 121 F0.50.40.30.20.1Audonnet, 122 FAudonnet, 230 FLee, 130 FLee, 190 FLee, 250 FLee, 310 FLee, 370 FLee, 430 FMcHugh, 122 FMcHugh, 212 FMcHugh, 266 FKiran, 113 FKiran, 167 FKiran, 257 FKiran, 311 FOliveira, 86 FPalavra, 91 FPalavra, 157 F0.0010,00020,00030,00040,000Pressure (psia)10010MAPD (%) Pentane0.8PR MAPDSRK MAPDVT-SRK MAPDVT-PR MAPD1PC-SAFT MAPDHTHP-VT SRK MAPDPC-SAFT NETL thane9
Improving deepwater drilling safety through enhanced understandingof multiphase flow dynamics of hydrocarbon mixturesHSHD videography enables detailed PIVanalysis of individual hydrocarbonbubbles.These data enable determination ofbubble rise velocity and flow fieldvisualization around a bubble.NETL deepwater HPLT flow research includes: Leveraging work initiated during Macondo spill response– Obtained first direct observations of hydrateformation on Macondo-surrogate gas at deepwaterconditions Producing data necessary to predict fate of hydrocarbonsin water column (both velocity and dissolution)– 10Based on unique experimental facilityDelineate hydrate formation conditions (as function of P,T, salinity, gas composition)Testing of ROV deployable tool & predictive models forindependent assessment/spill estimates & rapid responseResponse study, addressesmajor issues relative todeepwater leaks from wellsand production equipment:How much is leaking? Whatis the composition of themixture? What is thehydrocarbon fate in thewater column?Image from Macondoblowout showingfeatures of interest forthis research:-Turbulent Eddies- Possible hydrates-Vortice
FY13: Improving deepwater drilling safetythrough enhanced understanding of multiphaseflow dynamics of hydrocarbon mixtures 6Bubble dissolution with and with/without hydrate52 Facilitate the development of ROV compatibletools to:– Rapidly and accurately determine the leak rate.– Rapidly determine the presence of gas hydrates.Complete research in HWTF on hydratemorphology and hydrodynamics.– Determine the feasibility of utilizing this data forin-situ hydrate detection.Determine the feasibility of using othertechniques, such as Raman spectroscopy oracoustics, for rapid, in-situ detection of gashydrates.Complete additional large scale experiments,builds on initial 3 week study performed in towtank at UC Berkeley in July, 2012.– Use this information to begin development of theFTV technique for rapid in-situ leak detection.Perform additional large-scale experiments inFY13.Dissolution Rate, u mol/cm s 1143Depth, m50021000150012000250030000-2Preliminary Information Only0246810oTemperature, C121416
The NETL Complementary Program - Approach to quantifying systembehavior relies on integrated assessment models (IAMs)A. Divide system intodiscrete componentsWater ColumnB. Develop detailedcomponent modelsthat are validatedagainst lab/field dataReservoirOverburden& WellboreData from calibrateRCSPs etc.C. Develop reducedorder models (ROMs)that rapidly reproducecomponent modelpredictionsWill result in data (field,laboratory, numerical) & IAMtools needed to conductrapid response & predictiverisk models12Energy DataExchange (EDX)New Field calibrate& Lab DataIntegrated Assessment Models to PredictBehavior of Engineered–Natural SystemIAMPotentialReceptors orImpactedMediaWatercolumn/transportWellbore &SubsurfaceD. Link ROMs via integrated assessmentmodels (IAMs) to predict system behavior;calibrate/validate using lab/field data
Geospatial Evaluation of the Deep/”Frontier” Offshore –Assessing Social, Environmental, and Risk minary Run of Plume ModelPlumeHumanImpactsWellboreReservoirWhen released GOM IAM will be the1st coordinated platform and tools(EDX and IAM) to allow forindependent, rapid science-basedprediction of UDW hydrocarbon risks &assessment of spills 13Energy Data eXchange (EDX), provides a focalfor rapid access to key data needs,coordination/collaboration toolDeveloped preliminary GOM plume model– Full version forthcoming in FY13– Novel , multi-phase modeling approachContributor to LANL/NETL UDW wellboresystems model/risk assessment in support of SpillPrevention SubcommitteeFinalizing GOM IAM and EDX tools, initiatingadaptation for Arctic IAM/EDX toolsWatercolumn/transportWellbore &SubsurfaceWater ColumnOverburden &Wellbore PotentialReceptors orImpactedMediaReservoirNETL deepwater risk and environmentalimpact assessments:Integrated Assessment Models to PredictBehavior of Engineered–Natural SystemGOMIAM
Geospatial Evaluation of the Deep/”Frontier” Offshore –Assessing Social, Environmental, and Risk FactorsGeospatial Data Framework: BOEM/BSEE Atlas of Gulf of MexicoGas and Oil Sands Data provides dataon reservoir sands. Data tables from 1999 to 2008 werereleased in 2011. http://www.data.bsee.gov/homepg/data center/gandg/gandg.aspCompiling GOM subsurface propertiesdata including: 14Oil and gas estimates including provedand unproved resources, cumulativeproduced“Reservoir” characteristicsPore-filling media characteristicsincluding GOR, oil API gravity, volume,densityPerforming analysis of data (bothstatistically and spatially) to identifypatterns to assist with futureinterpolationsContinuing collection/interpretationof deep offshore wells to integratewith geostatistical frameworkPreliminary ResultsComparison of Pressure versus Subsea Depthfor Deep and Ultra-deep Water Wells in the Gulfof Mexico30000Initial Pressure (psi) Deep WaterWells ( 500 ft)y 0.7251x - 757.41R² 0.9187250002000015000Ultra Deep WaterWells ( 5000 ft)y 0.8556x - 4151.8R² 0.9414100005000001000020000Subsea Depth (ft.)3000040000
Geospatial Evaluation of the Deep/”Frontier” Offshore – Assessing Social,Environmental, and Risk Factors - Water Column & Impacts ModelingGulf of Mexico top commercialspecies by value(1991-2010 annual average)Brown 205,000,000shrimpWhite 167,000,000shrimpGulf 60,000,000menhadenEastern 51,000,000OysterBlue crab 41,000,000Initial Modeled Brown Shrimp Distribution Transport model hasadvection andhorizontal diffusionin place Incorporatingevaporation next Conversion modelfrom plume totransport is finished, Now working tointegrategasses/hydrates intoplume model15Five speciesaccount forabout 70% ofthe totalvalue ( 525million)Photo: AP 3-major modeling phases:– Plume/Jet model (control-volumes)– Conversion to particles/“slicklets”– Transport model for particles with weathering processes
FY13: Geospatial Evaluation of the Deep/”Frontier” Offshore –Assessing Social, Environmental, and Risk FactorsMultiple EDXData Sets16EDXinsightOn specific topicWellbore &SubsurfaceWater ColumnOverburden ceptors orImpactedMediaIntegrated Assessment Models to PredictBehavior of Engineered–Natural System– Finalize GOM databases for subsurface,wellbore, and water column properties,deploy via EDX– Develop & deploy EDX geospatialtool/viewer for GOM offshore datasets– Finalize beta component models for GOMIAM– Test integrated assessment model for ahypothetical spill events in the GOM– Delivery of IAM tool for GOM– Preliminary assessment of generaltrends across the GOM related toimpacts associated with potentialhydrocarbon releases– Initiate adaptation of GOM IAM forArctic IAMGOMIAM
GOM IAM Papers in Preparation An Environmental Comparison of the Exxon-Valdez and the BP-Deepwater HorizonOil Spills - This report examines the Exxon Valdez and the Deepwater Horizon spills by looking at theenvironmental impacts to the land and fisheries as well as the response and cleanup efforts at the twospill locations. Researching Potential Impacts of Oil Spills in the Gulf of Mexico - Spatial Data Report-This report is a review of the spatial datasets needed for conducting risk analysis and modeling ofpotential impacts associated with fossil fuel exploration and production in the Gulf, including both existingdatasets and those developed by the NETL-ORD group. These datasets span the subsurface throughthe water column and when complete will be the most comprehensive set of data available for the GOM Blowout and Offshore Spill Occurrence Model: Plume Model and Initial Validation This paper describes the deepwater oil plume model under development by the NETL-ORD group,including the major equations and concepts behind the model and an initial validation of the modelagainst existing experimental data. A Spatially Explicit Population Model for Brown Shrimp (Farfantepenaeus aztecus) inthe Gulf of Mexico - This paper describes the brown shrimp model under development by the NETLORD group for the Gulf of Mexico, which will be used for impact studies. The model attempts toreproduce the broad-scale dynamics of shrimp growth and movement for all life stages, includingspawning over the continental shelf, movement of the young to coastal bays and estuaries, andmovement of adults back to spawning depths. Geologic overview of the Gulf of Mexico -This paper summarizes the paleogeography,depositional history, structure, deformation, and the oil/gas system for the GOM using literature related tothe topic. The paper is framed around how this geologic background is important to assessing risksassociated with deepwater drilling.17
Related Items AAPG session in Theme 7 : Energy and Environment–– NETL-ORD project selected for new BSEE Award– Pittsburgh AAPG, 19-22 May 2013http://aapg2013ace.abstractcentral.com/ Offshore Drilling and Marine Ecosystems:assessment of ecological impacts and recovery from the Gulf oilspill, lessons learned, new risk assessments for deepwater offshoreand frontier drilling Session chairs: Kelly Rose, DOE, and Michel Boufadel,NJITReal-Time In-Situ Monitoring and Early Detection of Corrosion Damage inRisers and StructuresNETL-ORD Technical Report Series––––High temperature high pressure EOS density correlations and viscositycorrelations, released July 2012MITAS-2009 Expedition, U.S. Beaufort Shelf and Slope—Lithostratigraphy DataReport, released September 2012An Assessment of Research Needs Related to Improving Primary CementIsolation of Formations in Deep Offshore Wells, anticipated October 2012An Assessment of Current Deepwater Drilling and Production EquipmentFailure Issues Related to Metallurgical Failure, anticipated October 2012NETL TRS available at:http://www.netl.doe.gov/onsite research/index.htmlEDX available at: https://edx.netl.doe.gov18
Potential Synergies – NETL Comp Program & RPSEA Efforts 19NETL: Characterizing the behavior of metal-based systems used forcontrol devices in extreme environments– RPSEA: Brine Chemistry Solutions; Schlumberger DBRTechnologyNETL: Deepwater cement barriers– RPSEA: CSI, University of HoustonNETL: Quantifying complex fluid-phase properties at high pressure /high temperature (HPHT)– RPSEA: Brine Chemistry SolutionsNETL: Improving deepwater drilling safety through enhancedunderstanding of multiphase flow dynamics of hydrocarbon mixtures– RPSEA: Brine Chemistry Solutions; Colorado School of Mines;Lockhead MartinNETL: Geospatial Evaluation of the Deep/”Frontier” Offshore –Assessing Social, Environmental, and Risk Factors– RPSEA: Chevron/MIT plume study and deepwater currents
PotentialReceptors orImpactedMediaWatercolumn/transportWellbore &Subsurface20ReservoirOverburden &WellboreWater ColumnIntegrated Assessment Models to PredictBehavior of Engineered–Natural SystemThank you!kelly.rose@netl.doe.govGOMIAM
Data Exchange for Energy Solutions R&D coordination & collaboration tool Share information across networks Rapid access through one site Online access for historical data Venue for newly released datasets Security, database design, and structureleverage DHS system Built to accommodate both open accessand restricted access data Role-based security allows for groupsor “communities” within the system Future FY13 roll outs will incorporatespatial/mapping tools, displays andother opportunitiesMore information on s/rd/R%26D184%20.pdfDesigned for: Fossil & renewable energy researchers Policy makers General public21Now available at: https://edx.netl.doe.gov
(API RP 10B-4) 2. Pressure generated foamed cement in the lab (using Schlumberger’s Pressure Foamed Cement Generator) 3. Potential for field generated foamed cement sample Modeling spatial distribution of gas bubbles in foamed cement systems –Correlate existing test method New effort examining integrity of formation:cement:casing seal
NEMA design B or IEC design N Not more than 600 volts. Yes No Previously Covered by EPAct? 1-200 HP 201-500 HP. Premium Efficiency Table 12-12 Super-E Premium Efficiency Table -11 EPact Exempt Energy Efficiency Table 12-11 EPact. U.S. Motor Efficienc
services necessary to construct and maintain the Arctic/Offshore Patrol Ships (AOPS), Joint Support Ships (JSS), Polar Icebreaker, and Offshore Fisheries/ Offshore Oceanographic Science . National Shipbuilding Procurement Strategy OFSV Offshore Fisheries Science Vessel OOSV Offshore Oceanographic Science Vessel . Recent Ice-Classed Offshore .
Offshore wind farm status GW 10.4 7.7 2.6 2.3 1.7 0.3 25.0 % 42% 31% 10% 9% 7% 1% 100% UK Germany Netherlands Belgium Denmark Rest of Europe Total Turbines 2,292 1,501 537 399 559 112 5,400 Triton Knoll west offshore substation and jackup vessel Neptune 04 Offshore wind operational report 2020 05 Offshore wind operational report 2020 Offshore .
not otherwise have been implemented (EPAct 1992, EPAct 2005; EISA 2007; IEC 2014, DOE Amended IHP Rule 2014). The NEMA Motor-Generator standard, MG-1-2016, calls for the 15 hp, 1800 rpm NEMA Premium
A majority ofArizona voters say that wildfires (84%), heat waves (79%), and drought (74%) have become at least somewhat more extreme in the past 3-5 years. 38% 36% 29% 36% 26% 43% 21% 55% 16% Drought Heat waves Wildfires Much more extreme Somewhat more extreme Not changed much at all Somewhat less extreme Much less extreme Perceptions of .
Andreas Wagner, CEO Berlin Office Schiffbauerdamm 19, D-10117 Berlin Phone: 49-30-27595-141 Fax: 49-30-27595142 berlin@offshore-stiftung.de Varel Office Oldenburger Str. 65, D-26316 Varel Phone: 49-4451-9515-161 Fax: 49-4451-9515-249 varel@offshore-stiftung.de www.offshore-stiftung.de More news & information (German/English) 16 Backup Slides German Offshore Windfarms under Construction 2 .
Implementierung und Test - auf Basis der Referenzimplementierung Offshore Systemtest Offshore Deployment Lokal Konfigurations- und Änderungsmanagement Lokal Projektmanagement Lokal Offshore Environment Lokal Abb. 2: Der Offshore-Arbeitsablauf in einer groben Übersicht. Tabelle 1: A
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