1967 Cessna 172H Owner's Manual - Flight School

FUEL STRAINER DRAIN KNOB.Refer to fuel strainer servicing procedures, Section IV.IUGHT FUEL TANKLEFT FUEL TANKELECTRICAL SYSTEM.Electrical energy is supplied by a 14-volt, direct-current systempowered by an engine-driven alternator (see figure 2-4). The 12-voltbattery is located on the left-hand forward portion of the firewall. Onthe standard Model 172, power is supplied to all electrical and electronicsystem circuits from a single bus bar. On Skyhawk models, electricalpower is supplied through a split bus bar, one side containing electronicsystem circuits and the other side having general electrical system cir cuits. In the split bus system, both sides of the bus are on at all timesexcept when either an external power source is connected or the starterswitch is turned on; then a power contactor is automatically activated toopen the circuit to the electronic bus. Isolating the electronic circuits inthis manner prevents harmful transient voltages from damaging the semi conductors in the electronic eqUipment. Figure 2-4 illustrates the busbar arrangement for Skyhawk models; wiring in the standard Model 172is identical except for the split bus system.I:'"SELECTORVALVE! FUELSTRAINEREJ INE"tAMMETER.,IThe ammeter indicates the flow of current, in amperes, from thealternator to the battery or from the battery to the aircraft electricalsystem. When the engine is operating and the master switch is "ON, f!the ammeter indicates the charging rate applied to the battery. In theevent the alternator is not functioning or the electrical load exceeds theoutput of the alternator, the ammeter indicates the discharge rate of thebattery.1FUELSYSTEM····SCHEMATIC····. "---,""",, ,- I.TOENGINEFigure 2-3.2-2THROTTLEltl-J'", MIXTURECONTHOLKNOBCIRCUIT BREAKERS AND FUSES.The majority of electrical circuits in the airplane are protected"push-to-reset" circuit breakers mounted on the instrument panel. Ex ceptions to this are the clock circuit and battery contactor closingternal power) circuit which have fuses mounted adjacent to the battery.Also, the cigar lighter is protected by a manually reset type circuitbreaker mounted directly on the back of the lighter behind the instrumentpanel.2-3

LANDING LIGHTS (OPT).ELECTRICAL SYSTEMSCHEMATICA three-position, push-pull switch controls the optionalld.HUlllglights. To turn one lamp on for taxiing, pull the switch out to thestop. To turn both lamps on for landing. pull the switch out to the sec ond stop.CIGAR tiGHTERREGULATORflASHING BEACON (OPT).'1MAP LIGHTSTO DOME & OPT COURTESYTO INSTRUMENT 8 COMPASS LIGHTSThe flashing beacon should not be used when flying through clouds orovercast; the flashing light reflected from water droplets or particles inthe atmosphere, particularly at night, can produce vertigo and loss oforientation.TO NAVIGATION LIGHTSTO IGNITION.STARTERSWiTCHTO WING flAPPOSITION INDICATORTO WING FLAP SYSTEMCABIN HEATING AND VENTILATION SYSTEM.the "CABIN AIR" knob out. To raise theHT" knob out approximately 1/4" tofor a small amount of cabin heat. Additional heat is available bythe knob out farther; maximum heat is available with the "CABINHT" knob pulled full out and the "CABIN AIR" knob pushed full in. Whenno heat is desired inthe cabin, the "CABIN HT" knob is pushed full in.Front cabin heat and ventilating air is supplied by outlet holes spacedacross a cabin manifold just forward of the pilot's and copilot's feet. Rearcabin heat and air is supplied by two ducts from the manifold, one extend ing down each side of the cabin. Windshield defrost air is also supplieda duct leading from the cabin manifold.TONAVIGATIONLIGHT CIRCUITBREAKER*STANDARDMODEL 172separate adjustable ventilators supply additional air; one near eachupper corner of the windshield supplies air for the pilot and copilot, andtwo optional ventilators in the rear cabinsupply air to the rearseat passengers.**SKYHAWK ONLY(ODIEQ)CIRCUIT BREAKER FUSETO AUTOMATiC PilOT !OPT)TO AUDIO AMPLIFIER IOPT1*DIODESTARTING ENGINE.-1\-CAPACiTORMECHANICAL CONNECTIONMAGNETOSFigure 2-4.2-4Ordinarily thestarts easily with one or two strokes of theprimer in warm temperatures to six strokes in cold weather, with thethrottle open approximately 1/8 inch. In extremely cold temneratures.it may be necessary to continue priming while cranking.2-5

.Weak intermittent explosions followed by puffs of black smoke fromthe exhaust stack indicates overpriming or flooding. Excess fuel can becleared from the combustion chambers by the following procedure: Setthe mixture control full lean and the throttle full open; then crank theengine through several revolutions with the starter. Repeat the start ing procedure without any additional priming.TAXIING DIAGRAM If the engine is underprimed (most likely in cold weather with a coldengine) it will not fire at all, and additional priming will be necessary.As soon as the cylinders begin to fire, open the throttle slightly to keepit running.After start ing, if the oil gage does not begin to show pressure within30 seconds in the summertime and about twice that long in very coldweather, stop engine and investigate. Lack of oil pressure can causeserious engine damage. After starting, avoid the use of carburetorheat unless icing conditions prevail.' TAXIING.When taxiing, it is important that speed and use of brakes be held toa minimum and that all controls be utilized (see taxiing diagram, figure2-5) to maintain directional control and balance.Taxiing over loose gravel or cinders should be done at low enginespeed to avoid abrasion and stone damage to the propeller tips.CODEWIND DIRECTION ,NOTEStrong quartering tail winds require caution.Avoid sudden bursts of the throttle and sharpbraking when the airplane is in this attitude.Use the steerable nose wheel and rudder tomaintain direction.Figure 2-5.2-6BEFORE TAKE-OFF .WARM-UP.Since the engine is closely cowled for efficient in-flight engine cool ing, precautions should be taken to avoid overheating during prolongedengine operation on the ground.MAGNETO CHECK.The magneto check should be made at 1700 RPM as follows: Moveignition switch first to "R" position, and note RPM. Next move switchback to "BOTH" to clear the other set of plugs. Then move switch to2-7

the "L" position and note RPM. The difference between the two mag netos operated individually should not be more than 75 RPM. If thereis a doubt concerning operation of the ignition system, RPM checks atengine speeds will usually confirm whether a deficiency exists.An absence of RPM drop may be an indication of faulty grounding ofone side of the ignition system or should be cause for suspicion that themagneto timing is set in advance of the setting specified.Flap settings of 30 to 40" are not recommended at any time for take-off.PERFORMANCE CHARTS.Consult the take-off chart in Section V for take-off distances undervarious gross weight, altitude, and headwind conditions.TAKE-OFF.CROSSWIND TAKE-OFFS.POWER CHECK.It is important to check full-throttle engine operation early in thetake-off run. Anyof rough engine operation or sluggish engineacceleration is good cause for discontinuing the take-off. If this occurs,you are justified in making a thorough full-throttle, static runup beforeanother take-off is attempted. The engine should run smoothly and turnapproximately 2230-2330 RPM with carburetor heat off.For improved take-off and climb performance, an optional McCauley1C172/EM 7651 climb propeller is available. This propeller has a full throttle static RPM range of 2320-2420 RPM.Full-throttle runups over loose gravel are especially harmful to pro peller tips. When take-offs must be made over a gravel surface, it isvery important that the throttle be advanced slowly. This allows the airto start rolling before high RPM is developed, and the gravel willbe blown back of the propeller rather than pulled into it. When unavoid able small dents appear in the propeller blades, they should be immedi ately corrected as described in Section IV under propeller care.Prior to take-off from fields above 5000 feet elevation, the mixtureshould be leaned to give maximum RPM in a full-throttle, static runup.WING FLAP SETTINGS.Normal and obstacle clearance take-offs are performed with wingflaps up. The use of 10 flaps will shorten the ground run approximately10%, but this advantage is lost in the climb to a 50-foot obstacle. There fore, the use of 10 flaps is reserved for minimum ground runs or fortake-off from soft or rough fields with no obstacles ahead.02-8If 10 of flaps are used in ground runs, it is preferable to leave themextended rather than retract them in the climb to the obstacle. The ex ception to this rule would be in a high altitude take-off in hot weatherwhere climb would be marginal with flaps IOu,Take-offs into strong crosswinds normally are performed with theminimum flap setting necessary for the field length, to minimize thedrift angle immediately after take-off. The airplane is accelerated toa speed slightly higher than normal, then pulled off abruptly to preventpossible settling back to the runway while drifting. When clear of theground, make a coordinated turn into the wind to correct for drift.CLIMB.CLIMB DATA.For detailed data, refer to the Maximum Rate-Of-Climb Data chartin Section V.NOTEIf your aircraft is equipped with a 7651 climb pro peller, slight improvement in climb performancemay be expected over that shown in Section V.CLIMB SPEEDS.Normal climbs are performed at 80 to 90 MPH with flaps up and fullthrottle for best engine cooling. The mixture should be full rich unlessthe engine is rough due to too rich a mixture. The maximum rate-of climb speeds range from 80 MPH at sea level to 77 MPH at 10,000 feet.If an obstacle dictates the use of a steep climb angle, the best angle-of climb speed should be used with flaps up and full throttle. These speedsvary from 66 MPH at sea level to 71 MPH at 10,000 feet.2-9

NOTEAll figures are based on lean mixture, 36 gallons of fuel (no reserve),zero wind, standard atmospheric conditions, and 2300 pounds gross weight.Steep climbs at these low speeds should be of shortduration to improve engine cooling.GO-AROU ND CLIMB.In a balked landing (go-around) climb, the wing flap setting should bereduced to 20 immediately after full power is applied. Upon reaching asafe airspeed, flaps should be slowly retracted to the full up position.CRUISE.ST ALLS.Normal cruising is done between 65% and 75% power. The powersettings required to obtain these powers at various altitudes and outsideair temperatures can be determined by using your Cessna Power Com puter or the OPERATIONAL DATA, Section V.The Cruise and Range Performance chart on page 5-4outlines complete cruise figures for the Model 172equipped with a standard propeller. The table on page5 -5 shows the RPM and speed differentials for a given% BHP to be considered when figuring cruise perfor mance if your airplane is equipped with a 7651 climbpropeller.LANDING.Cruising can be done most efficiently at high altitudes because oflower air density and therefore lower airplane drag. This is illustratedin the following table which shows performance at 75% power at variousaltitudes.OPTIMUM CRUISE PERFORMANCESea Level5000 ft.7000 ft.2-10RPM24502560Full ThrottleITRUE AIRSPEED123128130IThe stall characteristics are conventional and aural warning is pro vided by a stall warning horn which sounds between 5 and 10 MPH abovethe stall in all configurations.Power-off stall speeds at maximum gross weight and aft c.g. posi tion are presented on page 5 -2 as calibrated airspeeds since indicatedairspeeds are unreliable near the stall.NOTEALTITUDECarburetor ice, as evidenced by an unexplained drop in RPM, can beremoved by application of full carburetor heat. Upon regaining the origi nal RPM (with heat off), use the minimum amount of heat (by trial and er ror) to prevent ice from forming. Since heated air causes a richer mix ture, readjust the mixture setting when carburetor heat is used contin uously in cruising flight.RANGE520540550Normal landings are made power-off with any flap setting. Slips areprohibited in full flap approaches because of a downward pitch encounteredunder certain combinations of airspeed and Sideslip angle.SHORT FIELDLAN DINGS.For a short field landing, make a power-off approach at approxi mately 69 MPH with flaps 40 , and land on the main wheels first. Im mediately after touchdown, lower the nose gear to the ground and applyheavy braking as required. RaiSing the flaps after landing will providemore effic ient braking.CROSSWIND LANDINGS.When landing in a strong crosswind, use the minimum flap setting re quired for the field length. Use a wing-low, crab, or a combination methoof drift correction and land in a nearly level attitude. Hold a straight2-11

course with the steerable nosewheel and occasional braking if necessary.The maximum allowable crosswind velocity is dependent upon pilotcapability rather than airplane limitations. With average pilot technique,direct crosswinds of 15 MPH can be handled withCOLD WEATHER OPERATION.STARTING.Prior to starting on a cold morning, it is advisable to pull the prothrough several times by hand to "break loose" or "limber" theoil, thus conserving battery energy. In extremely cold (O F and lower)weather, the use of an external preheater (for both the engine and battery)and an external power source is recommended whenever possible to re duce wear and abuse to the eng'ine and the electrical system. When usingan external power source, the position of the master switch is important.Refer to Section VI, paragraph GROUND SERVICE PLUG RECEPTACLE,for operating details.is being turned by hand with throttle closed. Leave primercharged and ready for stroke.(2) Clear propeller.(3) Pull master switch "ON. II(4) Turn ignition switch to "BOTH.(5) Pump throttle rapidly to full open twice. Return toopen position.(6) Engage starter and continue to prime engine until it isrunning smoothly, or alternately, pump throttle rapidly overfirst 1/4 of total travel.Pull carburetor heat knob full on after engine has started.Leave on until engine is running smoothly.(8) Lock primer.NOTEIf the engine does not start during the first few attempts,or if engine firing diminishes in strength, it is probablethat the spark plugs have been frosted over. Preheatmust be used before another start is attempted.IMPORTANTCold weather starting procedures are as follows:With Preheat:(1) Clear propeller.(2) Pull master switch "ON. "(3) With ignition switch "OFF" and throttle closed, primethe engine four to eight strokes as the propeller is beingturned over by hand.NOTEUse heavy strokes of primer for best atomization of fuel.After priming, push primer all the way in and turn tolocked position to avoid possibility of engine drawing fuelthe primer.Pumping the throttle may cause raw fuel to accumulatein the intake air duct, creating a fire hazard in the eventof a hackfire. If this occurs, maintain a cranking actionto suck flames into the engine. An outside attendant witha fire extinguisher is advised for cold starts without pre heat.cold weather operations, no indication will be apparent on theoil temperature gage prior to take-off if outside air temperatures arevery cold. After a suitable warm-up period (2 to 5 minutes at 1000accelerate the engine several times to higher eng'ine RPM. If the engineaccelerates smoothly and the oil pressure remains normal and steady,the airplane is ready for take -off.FliGHT OPERATIONS.Turn ignition switch to "BOTH. "Open throttle 1/4" and engage starter.Take-off is made normally with carburetor heat off. Avoid excessiveleaning in cruise.Preheat:(1) Prime the engine six to ten strokes while the propeller2-12Carburetor heat may be used to overcome any occasionalroughness.2-13

When operating in sub-zero temperature, avoid using partial carbu retor heat. Partial heat may increase the carburetor air temperature tothe 32 to 70 F range, where icing is critical under certain atmosphericconditions.Refer to Section VI for cold weather equipment.-.E Section III OPERATING LIMITATIONSHOT WEATHER OPERATION.OPERATIONS AUTHORIZED.The general warm temperature starting information on page 2-5 isappropriate. Avoid prolonged engine operation on the ground.Your Cessna exceeds the requirements for airworthiness as set forthby the United States Government, and is certificated under FAA Type Cer tificate No. 3A12 as Cessna Model No. 172H.With standard equipment, the airplane is approved for day andoperations under VFR. Additional optional equipment is available to in crease its utility and to make it authorized for use under IFR day andnight. An owner of a properly equipped Cessna is eligible to obtain ap proval for its operation on Single-engine scheduled airline service underVFR. Your Cessna Dealer will be happy to assist you in selectingment best suited to your needs.MANEUVERS - NORMAL CATEGORY.This airplane is certificated in both the normal and utility category.The normal category is applicable to airplanes intended for non-aerobaticoperations. These include any maneuvers incidental to normal flying,stalls (except whip stalls) and turns in which the angle of bank is not morethan 0 . In connection with the foregoing, the following gross weight andflight load factors apply:Gross Weight . . . . . . . .Flight Load Factor *Flaps Up .Flight Load Factor *Flaps Down. 3.8. 3.52300lbs-1. 52*The design load factors are 150% of the above, and inall cases, the structure meets or exceeds design loads.Your airplane must be operated in accordance with all FAA-approvedmarkings, placards and check lists in the airplane. If there is any infor mation in this section which contradicts the FAA-approved markings,placards and check lists, it is to be disregarded.2-143-1

MANEUVERS - UTILITY CATEGORY.This airplane is not designed for purely aerobaticin the acquisition of various certificates such as commercial pilot, in strument pilot and flight instructor, certain maneuvers are required bythe FAA. All of these maneuvers are permitted in this airplane whenoperated in the utility category. In connection with the utility category,the following gross weight and flight load factors apply, with recom mended entry speeds for maneuvers as shown:Gross Weight . . . . . . . . . . . .Flight Maneuvering Load Factor,UpFlight Maneuvering Load Factor, Flaps Down. 2000 lbs 4. 4-1. 76 3.5Range .Speed* .52-100 MPH (white arc). . . . .122 MPH*The maximull! speed at which you can use ab

ICING CESSNA AIRPLANES, since Cessna Dealers have all . of the Service Manuals and Parts Catalogs, kept current by . Service Letters and Service News Letters, published by Cessna . Aircraft Company. We urge all Cessna owners to use the Cessna Dealer Organization to the fullest. A current Cessna