Infant Flow Driver Advance Set Up Guideline - Networks
JAUNDICE 2PHYSIOLOGICAL &PATHALOGICAL JAUNDICELYNSEY WARDNETWORK NURSE EDUCATOR31ST MARCH 2006
JAUNDICE
OUTCOMES To understand what Jaundice is. To understand what Biliruben is. To identify the difference betweenpathological and physiological jaundice. Management and treatment of Jaundice
What is Jaundice Neonatal jaundice Definition Neonatal jaundice is the term used when anewborn has an excessive amount of bilirubin inthe blood. Bilirubin is a yellowish-red pigmentthat is formed and released into the bloodstreamwhen red blood cells are broken down. Jaundicecomes from the French word jaune, which meansyellow; thus a jaundiced baby is one whose skincolour appears yellow due to bilirubin.
Predisposing causes ofJaundice A newborn baby has a haemoglobin (Hb) level of18-19g/dl. This is necessary during fetal life tofacilitate oxygen carrying capacity. As soon as the baby is born and able to breatheoxygen the high Hb level is not needed and startsto drop. In the first week of life the baby’s Hb will drop toabout 11g/dl and this breakdown of the foetalRBC’s may cause bilirubin to exceed the plasmacarrying capacity of the blood. Therefore causing Physiological JAUNDICE
What is BILIRUBEN? Bilirubin is a product of haemoglobinbreak-down. Haemoglobin is contained inthe red blood cells and it’s most importantfunction is to carry oxygen to the tissues. When a red blood cell reaches the end ofit’s life, the reticuloendothial system takes itout of circulation. This consists of the liver and spleen.
What is BILIRUBEN? The haemoglobin is broken down into it’s twoconstituents: Haem and Globin. The globin is a protein which is re-used by the body. The Haem is an iron compound and so can’t be re-used. Itis broken down to be excreted. Biliruben is a product of this last process and theaccumulation in the blood causes yellow staining on theskin: JAUNDICE. Biliruben can cross the blood/brain barrier and stain thebasal ganglia. The staining is permanent, Damageirreversible, which is why high SBR is so dangerous
Types of Jaundice Physiological Jaundice Pathological Jaundice
Types of JaundicePhysiological This occurs in the first few days after birthand will have cleared by day 10 It occurs because of physiological changestaking place during the transition fromintrauterine to neonatal life It is the consequence of:immature liver enzymes, high red cell mass
Other Factors which mayincrease Physiological Jaundice PrematurityBruisingPolycythemiaBreast feeding
Types of JaundicePathological This refers to jaundice that arises from factors thatalter the usual process involved in bilirubenmetabolism in the liver It is significant in the first 24hrs of life especiallyif there is Rhesus incompatibility It may persist more than 2 weeks in someconditions when the baby will be jaundice all overand may appear a muddy yellow colour
Pathological Jaundice This includes : Group incompatibility(Haemolytic Diseaseof the Newborn)Rhesus factor, ABOincompatibility Hypoxemia Sepsis Endocrine ormetabolic disordersand bile ductobstruction hypoglycaemia
Management of Jaundice The aim of the management of Jaundice isto prevent biliruben encephalopathy(kinicterus) developing as a result of highlevels of serum biliruben.
Management of JaundiceStart investigations if: Jaundice is significant inthe first 24hrs Jaundice persists after 10days If the SBR is above250umol/l or less inpreterm babies If Jaundice is present in ababy who is already ill
Management of Jaundice Ascertain mothers blood group forcompatibility and rhesus antibody status.Coombes antibody status should beobtained from mothers notes. Check baby’s blood group for Rhesusstatus, and Hb in case the jaundice is causedby haemolysis causing anaemia Check baby for Infection
Management of Jaundice If the baby’s SBR is above thetreatment line (depending onwhich charts your unit uses)Photo therapy can commence. You may need to increase thebaby’s fluid depending on youunits policy. (you need to befamiliar with unit policy) Indomethacin dislodgesBiliruben from it’s plasmabinding site so increases SBR
JAUNDICE You may require I.V.access. You may need to passan Ng/Og tube. Once Phototherapyhas commenced youneed to take an SBR atregular intervals thefrequency dependingon how high it is.
Management of Jaundice If the therapy that is being given isn’t reducing theSBR you may need to consider an ExchangeTransfusion. The decision to exchange transfuse isnot just determined by the level but by the rate ofwhich the increase, which is why it is so importantto plot SBR result on a time/SBR level graph Generally Jaundice reduces by following theprocedures already mentioned Therefore after a few days of treatment, thejaundice will subside and the treatment can bediscontinued.
JAUNDICE
What is Jaundice Neonatal jaundice Definition Neonatal jaundice is the term used when a newborn has an excessive amount of bilirubin in the blood. Bilirubin is a yellowish-red pigment that is formed and released into the bloodstream when red blood cells are broken down. Jaundice comes from the French word jaune, which means
your Infant Car Seat, as described in the instruction manual provided by the Infant Car Seat manufacturer. † WHEN USING ONLY ONE INFANT CAR SEAT ADAPTER OR TWO FOR TWINS, THE FOLLOWING INFANT CAR SEATS CAN BE USED: † If your Infant Car Seat is not one of the models listed above, DO NOT use your infant car seat with this car seat adapter.
Infant mortality is the death of a child within the first year of life. Worldwide, infant mortality continues to decrease, and in the past 10 years, rates in the United States have fallen by 15% (CDC). The infant mortali-ty rate is the number of infant deaths for every 1,000 live births. In 2017, the total number of infant deaths
CHAPTER I Introduction At the birth of an infant, a mother as a dependent-care agent for her infant, begins a series of decisions about her infant's health care. Decisions must be made early in the life of the infant on feeding methods, a health care provider for the infant, and, if the infant is male, on circumcision.
Troubleshooting Guide is a booklet compiled from FAQs issued by Canon Inc. [Additional case(s)] There is no additional case at April, 2017. . ADVANCE 8105, iR ADVANCE 8105 PRO, iR ADVANCE 8095, iR ADVANCE 8095 PRO, iR ADVANCE 8095G Copier B/W iR-ADV 8205/8285/8295 Series imageRUNNER ADVANCE 8205, imageRUNNER ADVANCE 8205 PRO, imageRUNNER .
A infant incubator is a closed container in which the warmth of the environment can be regulated by heating the air to a certain temperature which serves to warm the infant. Infant incubators need a stable temperature
there are considerable cost differences: Holle Organic infant formula 1 at 28p per 100ml and Aptamil Profutura 1 First Infant Milk at 21p per 100ml are the most expensive – compared to the cheapest powdered first infant formula Bebivita First Infant Milk costing 11p per 100ml and Mamia
Remove the infant car seat/carrier by reversing the above steps. See your infant car seat manufacturer's instructions for proper release lever operation. REMOVING THE INFANT SEAT/CARRIER 3. Bring the infant seat attachment straps through the seat belt guides in the infant car seat/carrier and fas-ten the buckle. To loosen, tilt the buckle and .
2.3 Feeding the infant/young child under "normal" circumstances 18 2.4 Feeding the Infant/Young Child of a working mother at work places 20 2.5 Feeding the Infant/ Young Child who is exposed to HIV 22 2.6 Feeding Infant and Young Child in Other Specific Situations 23 Chapter 3 : Implementation Strategy 3.1 Implementation framework 28
