Infant Incubator Temperature Controlled And Infant Body .

International Journal of Computer Techniques -– Volume 6 Issue 6,December2019RESEARCH ARTICLEOPEN ACCESSInfant Incubator Temperature Controlled and Infant BodyTemperature Monitor using Arduino Mega2560 and ADS1232Mochamad Sofiyan Mardianto1, Anggun Indra Saputra2, Candra Sukma3, Anas Nasrulloh41(FakultasTeknologiInformasi, Universitas Budi Luhur, JakartaEmail: logiInformasi, Universitas Budi Luhur, asTeknologiInformasi, Universitas Budi Luhur, Informasi, Universitas Budi Luhur, -----------------------------Abstract:An infant incubator has been designed with temperature and humidity control using Arduino based on theATMega2560 microcontroller using the Arduino programming language for temperature, humiditycontrol, button settings, and seven-segment display. The working principleof this infant incubator is tomaintain the temperature conditions inside the incubator by utilizing the DS18B20 sensor module tomeasure temperature and humidity inside the incubator, optocoupler sensor to ensure the airflow fan isspinning, solid-state relay to control the AC supply current of heating element, also electric current sensorand LM35 sensor uses for monitoring feedback current consumption and temperature measurement ofheating element. When the temperature in the incubator rises or decreases, the elements as a heater and fanas a heat spreader will work according to the instructions of the microcontroller ATMega2560 tonormalize the temperature inside the incubator as desired. Also, RTD YSI 400 series as thermistor sensorfor infant body temperature measurement and 24-bit ADC ADS1232 has implemented. The proposedmethod is to integrate temperature and humidity incubator monitoring systems and also monitoring thebaby's body temperature.Keywords —Infant Incubator, temperature, humidity control, seven-segment display, Arduino,ATMega2560, DS18B20, optocoupler, solid state relays, electric current sensor, LM35, thermistorsensor, ADS1232, body temperature ---------Theincubator temperature rules are adjusted for theage and weight of the infant.The number of deaths in infants is a parameterA infant incubator is a closed container in which used to determine the state of health in a country.the warmth of the environment can be regulated by The number of deaths in infants is caused byheating the air to a certain temperature which serves premature labor. Premature labor is labor thatto warm the infant. Infant incubators need a stable occurs at less than 37 weeks' gestation [1]. Usuallytemperature so that the conditions in the incubator babies are born at 37–41 weeks of pregnancy.are maintained in accordance with the set point. Babies with premature or abnormal births havevarious problems such as a very high risk of death,I. INTRODUCTIONISSN :2394-2231http://www.ijctjournal.orgPage 1

International Journal of Computer Techniques -– Volume X Issue X, Yearvision problems, breathing difficulties and deafness.This is because premature babies are less able toadapt to conditions outside the womb due to organsystem immaturity, such as the temperature of theexternal environment, which is more unstable [2].The high rate of infant mortality is caused bypremature labor. Premature is labor before themature gestational age when reaching gestationalage between 20-36 weeks. Premature babies needintensive care because they are very susceptible todisease, mostly caused by bacteria and viruses dueto environmental temperature and humidity due tothe physical condition of infants who have not fullygrown and have not been able to adjust to theambient temperature.Care of newborns in terms of maintaining thewarmth of the infant's body is recommended usingthe method of kangaroo, by positioning the infant inthe arms of the mother and the baby's skin attachesdirectly to the skin of the mother skin of thekangaroo animal. However, not every condition ofthe mother can apply this method. This is due tosometimes the condition of the mother who isunconscious or still lying limp after the birthprocess. On the other hand, not all people andchildbirth clinics, especially rural areas can affordto buy expensive infant incubators. Therefore alow-cost infant incubator prototype was created thatcan help normalize temperature and humidityaround the infant's body. The incubator willfunction to maintain the temperature around theinfant so that it remains stable, or in other wordscan maintain the infant's body temperature withinthe normal range of around 36.5ºC-37.5ºC. Inaddition, the humidity conditions in the incubatoritself usually range between 50% RH-60% RH [2].2. AINP (Analog Input Positive) and AINN(Analog Input Negative) inputs.3. External reference input4. Precision reference resistorB. Wheatstone bridgeA Wheatstone bridge, also called a nullcomparator, is used for measuring accurateresistance [4]. In the Wheatstone bridge of Fig. 1.R1, R2, and R3 are known and Rx is the unknownresistance. When the potential (voltage) P1 is thesame as potential P2, the bridge is said to bebalanced. The major challenge of accurateresistance measurement is to alleviate the loadingeffect of the circuit by the meter. Such aninaccuracy is caused by the drawing of power bythe meter, although the amount of power drawn isnegligibly small, from the circuit, even if it has avery high-impedance (e.g 10 MΩ). For accuratemeasurement of Rx, the Wheatstone bridge plays agreat role, as the galvanometer, in balancedcondition, does not draw any power from the circuit.This increases accuracy by alleviating the “loading”effect of the circuit by the meter [5].Fig. 1The Wheatstone Bridge [5]C. ADS1232The ADS1232 are precision 24-bit analog-todigital converters (ADCs). With an onboard alsolow-noise programmable gain amplifier (PGA).TheADS1232 output 24 bits of data in binary two’sII. DESCRIPTION AND BLOCK DIAGRAMcomplement format. The least significant bit (LSB)A. RTD (Resistance Temperature Detectors)has a weight of 0.5VREF/(223 – 1).The ADS1232The RTD is a temperature sensor that changes data rate is set by the SPEED pin. When SPEEDresistance over temperature. There are several pin is low (0 V), the datarate is nominally 10SPSdifferent types of RTD construction, but the (Samples per-second),eventhough at low speed dataresistance for any given temperature is well rates provides the lowest noise, also has excellentcharacterized. RTD are often used to make rejection of both 50 Hz and 60 Hz line-cycleprecisiontemperaturemeasurements.The interference. If SPEED pin is high (3V) output datameasurement circuit RTD requires [3]:rate of nominally 80SPS with higher noise ouput1. Single dedicated DAC output pin[6].ISSN :2394-2231http://www.ijctjournal.orgPage 2

International Journal of Computer Techniques -– Volume X Issue X, YearD. Arduino Mega 2560constant voltage from the output to obtainconvenient Centigrade scaling.We use LM35 tomonitor the temperature of the heater in realtimeand through a program defined ideal temperaturethrough a direct testing process.The Arduino Mega 2560 is a microcontrollerboard based on the ATmega2560. It has 54 digitalinput/output pins (of which 15 can be used as PWMoutputs), 16 analog inputs, 4 UARTs (hardwareserial ports)[7][8].Weuse Arduino Mega2560 I. Block Diagrambecause it is cheap, also have 10-bit internal ADCThere are six types of sensors used. Such aswith memory program capacity is large enough, andinfant body temperature, temperature and humiditythe durability is quite good.incubator sensors, electric current and temperatureE. DHT22sensors for monitoring heating elements, as well asDHT22 is are digitaltemperature sensors that optocouple sensors to monitor the rotation of the airmeasure temperature and humidity.The DHT22 distributor fan.Also YSI RTD sensor type 400 orsensor has a better resolution than DHT11 and a thermistor is used for measuringinfant bodywider temperature -40 to 80ºCand humidity temperature were analog values are converted intoresolution approximately 0.1%. However it can digitalvalues uses ADC 24-bit ADS1232 to getbetter measurement precisionas shown in Fig.2.only request readings with 2 seconds interval.F. SSR (Solid State Relays)SSR has no moving parts, unlike electromechanical relays (EMR), instead uses theelectrical and optical properties of solid statesemiconductors to perform its input to outputisolation and switching functions. In this researchwe uses SSR Alternate Current type that designedonly for switch AC currents using TRIAC, orswitching transistor for application in the switchingof an AC load, whether that is to control the ACcurrent for heating element so that the temperatureof the incubator room can be set more precisely.G. Electric Current SensorWe uses SCT-013-030 or current transformer tobe clamped around the supply line of an electricalload to measure the heater current. It does this byacting as an inductor and responding to the Fig. 2 Block Diagram of Infant Incubator Temperature Controlled and BodyTemperature Monitormagnetic field around a current-carrying conductor.By reading the amount of current produced by theAnalog sensors (LM35, electric current) outputcoil, we measure the current passing through the were still analog value converted to digital usingcable conductor and identify whether the heating internal ADC of ATMega2560. Optocoupler sensorelement is on or off.connected to pin digital input to detect rotation ofthe fan. Electriccurrent sensors and LM35 sensorsH. LM35to detect malfunctions from heaters, for exampleThe LM35 series is are semiconductor integratedoverheating circuit. Optocoupler sensor to detectcircuit temperature devices with an output voltagemalfunctions from air-flowing fans, for example, iflinearly-proportionaltotheCentigradesuddenly the fan stops spinning due to mechanicaltemperature.The LM35 device has an advantagedamage.over linear temperature sensors calibrated in Kelvin,as the user is not required to subtract a largeISSN :2394-2231http://www.ijctjournal.orgPage 3

International Journal of Computer Techniques -– Volume X Issue X, YearIII. FLOWCHART AND METHODOLOGYUSEDIn previous research infant monitoring systemjust based on temperature and humidity usingDHT11 temperature and humidity sensor [9] alsoother research is focused on design and implementa closed-loop control system to regulate thetemperature and humidity inside a neonatalincubator [10], which it has not been integratedwith monitoring infant's body te-mperature. InFig.3shows flowchart diagram of the incubatorroom temperature and humidity measurement, andthe infant's body temperature measurement.The program reads the previous configurationthat has been recorded in the ATMega 2560EEPROM memory block, then from theinformation of the incubator chamber temperaturesensor and the temperature sensor installed aroundthe electric heater. High and low temperatures andhumidity are determined by the level of activity ofthe heater and fan depending on the pulse widthprovided from ATMega 2560. The amplifiedoptocoupler sensor signal to monitor the airflow fanrotation. If a malfunction occurs the seven-segmentdisplays a warning and an alarm buzzersounds.Inthe Fig. 5and Fig. 6are PCB’stop andbottom layer layout of infant incubators.Theleft onePCBfor display and connection to the ArduinoMega 2560, and the right one for power supply,signal conditioners, and ADC ADS1232.Fig. 3Flow chart diagram infant inbatorThe infant’s body temperature is measured usingRTD or thermistor sensor which is a product of YSI400 series [11] by using both differentialchannels ofthe ADS1232 (Fig. 4), the temperature changefactor of the RL resistor can be eliminated [6].Fig. 4 RTD Three-Wire Schematic from Atmel Datasheet [6]ISSN :2394-2231Fig. 5PCB design top layer infant incubatorFig. 6PCB design bottom layer infant incubatorhttp://www.ijctjournal.orgPage 4