Decommissioning Planning - International Atomic Energy
International Atomic Energy AgencyDecommissioning PlanningIngemar Lund - Swedish Radiation Protection Authority,SSI, SwedenIAEA Regional Workshop: Legal and Regulatory Aspectsof Decommissioning of Research ReactorsManila, Philippines, 26 -30 June 2006ObjectiveDiscuss the decommissioning planning process,the key points of the planning process, andthe importance of early planningWork breakdown structuresInternational Atomic Energy Agency1
Decommissioning PlanningThe operator should prepare a comprehensiveDecommissioning Plan, DP, with purpose todocument & display how decommissioningactivities can be safely performed Successful decommissioning depends oncareful and organized planning, consistent withregulatory requirements Ideally decommissioning planning should startalready at the facility design stage and not aftershutdown – one plan for each facility!International Atomic Energy AgencyGeneral Planning The extent, content and detail of the DPdepends on the complexity and hazardpotential of the installation Adequate financial resources should beavailable to ensure decommissioning of anynuclear facility Relevant facility records are critical in thedevelopment of the decommissioning planInternational Atomic Energy Agency2
Decommissioning Planning - Key Elements Review of decommissioning strategies Specific studies to support selected strategy Feasibility/ Cost-Benefit analyses Cost estimate for the work at the actual site Schedule for performing the work at the site Technical scope of the decommissioning effort Proper staffing and training Technical / ManagementTechnical issues are often less critical than goodmanagement and planningSafety and Radiation Protection are prime!International Atomic Energy AgencyDecommissioning PlanningThree stages of planning are usually recognized: Initial Planning On-going Planning Final Planning Degree of detail will vary from facility to facility andincreases from initial to final decommissioning plan (DP) Access to relevant facility records is a critical issue when planning for decommissioningPlanning is an ‘evolutionary process’. The DP is a ‘livingdocument’ The planning successively becomes more detailed,refined and definitiveInternational Atomic Energy Agency3
STRATEGY IMPLEMENTATIONThe overall decommissioning strategy to be adoptedshould be identified as early as possible in theplanning processInternational Atomic Energy AgencyInitial Planning An initial DecommissioningPlan should beprepared and submitted for each constructionapplication for a new facility This plan would contain a lower level of detailthan that which would be contained in a finalDP Operating facilities without an initialdecommissioning plan should have oneprepared without undue delayInternational Atomic Energy Agency4
Ongoing Planning During facility operations, the decommissioningplan should be regularly reviewed, updatedand made more substantial with respect to: Facility changes, incidents/abnormaloperating events Regulations and government policy Technological advances Cost estimates and financial provisions Also to be included into the DP are safetyconsiderations and experience fromrefurbishment activitiesInternational Atomic Energy AgencyFinal Planning At final shutdown of the facility, the operatingorganization should initiate detailed studiesand finalise planning for decommissioning The operating organization should submit anapplication for decommissioning including afinal DP for review and approval by theregulatory body The DP may be amended or refined as thedecommissioning proceedsInternational Atomic Energy Agency5
Final Planning If phased decommissioning - the operatorshould supply the regulatory body with adescription of: The proposed surveillance and maintenance program The existing or new systems or programs necessary forfacility maintenance The systems to be installed to perform deferreddismantling The proposed frequency for review of the above items The number of staff required and their qualificationsduring the deferral periodInternational Atomic Energy AgencyDecommissioning Planning The final DP should be formulated as the firststep in the decommissioning process by adedicated and complete project team Adequate financial resources should beavailable to ensure decommissioning of anynuclear facility For deferred decommissioning, specialattention should be given to periodicadjustments for inflation, technologicaladvances, waste costs and regulatory changesInternational Atomic Energy Agency6
Decommissioning PlanningTypical contents of DP - I Facility description and operational history Legal and regulatory requirements Radioactive and toxic material inventory Assessment and selection of decommissioningstrategy (safety, wastes, doses, costs, funding,justification) Project management (including organization,monitoring, review, training, reporting, records) Decommissioning activities (phases, workpackages, decontamination, dismantling, wastemanagement, surveillance & maintenance)International Atomic Energy AgencyDecommissioning PlanningTypical contents of DP - II Safety assessment (doses, ALARA; monitoring, protection and emergency systems; physicalsecurity & material control; risk analysis safetymanagement & functions, justification) Radiation protection and Safety programme Waste Management (important!) Release criteria measurement/verification methods Environmental impact assessment Quality assurance programmeInternational Atomic Energy Agency7
Decommissioning PlanningTypical contents of DP - III Details of the estimated costs and source offunding Continued surveillance and maintenance (deferral) Future decommissioning activities (deferral) Final radiation survey proposal Outline of final decommissioning reportInternational Atomic Energy AgencyWaste Treatment is important The waste management plan is an integral part (or an associated document) of the overalldecommissioning plan.Various treatment systems may be required Solidification, Removal of water Immobilization of the contaminants Preparation for subsequent treatment Reduction of waste volume Purification of water for reuse/discharge Separation of a contaminant from a bulk matrixInternational Atomic Energy Agency8
Other supporting Documents Characterization Plan Characterization Report Public Relations Plan Final Survey Plan Final Survey Report Final Report for the Decommissioning ProjectInternational Atomic Energy AgencyRecords – The Planning Basis I Records guide the decommissioning process fromthe start of planning, through decommissioning andthen serve as a record of the decommissioning Records are also critical for Accidents and liability issues Institutional records Provide lessons learned Facilitate information exchange Various equipment and systems for recordsmanagement and control are availableInternational Atomic Energy Agency9
Records – The Planning Basis II Never too early for compiling key decommissioningrecords Loss or lack of records (institutional knowledge) isprecarious to the decommissioning process Inability to access records due to changes inrecords storage technology (long term issue) Keep duplicate records in two separate securelocationsInternational Atomic Energy AgencySome Common Problems Different fabrication technique & materials of construction radiological conditions and/or other hazardsInaccurate drawingsAccessibilityProcedure deficienciesOperator ‘workarounds’‘Temporary modifications’International Atomic Energy Agency10
Unexpected occurrences or accidentsRemoval of fuel (loss of cooling, dropped elements, criticality)Survey of Radiation (high radiation field, malfunctioning ofequipment & monitoring instruments)Decontamination (fire in solvent, rupture of vacuum filter bag,spillages, loss of essential services)Dismantling & removal of concrete (loss of containment,cutting accidents, inadequate mechanical supports,equipment failure, dropped loads, combustible waste fire,explosions of oxyacetylene)Prepare for the unexpected!Error reductionInternational Atomic Energy AgencyIAEA Safety Guide WS-G-2.2DECOMMISSIONING OFMEDICAL, INDUSTRIAL ANDRESEARCH FACILITIESInternational Atomic Energy Agency11
IAEA Safety Guide WS-G-2.2 DECOMMISSIONING OFMEDICAL, INDUSTRIAL AND RESEARCH FACILITIESInternational Atomic Energy AgencyExample Work Breakdown StructureReactorDecommissioning PlanSafetydocumentationPreparatoryActivitiesCare ssioningstart up activitiesRegulatorydocumentationMaintenancesite preparedBuildingmaintenance regimeSet up wastemanagement systemsSafetyCaseBaselinesite surveySet updismantling systemsPreparation forcare and surveillanceDismantle facilityWaste treatment,packaging and storageEnd pointActivitiesM T Cross, RWE NUKEMInternational Atomic Energy Agency12
ATSR - Argonne Thermal Source ReactorInternational Atomic Energy AgencyTFTR Decommissioning – WBS ExampleTFTR Decommissioning ProjectPPPL Site, NJEngineering(1.0)Field Operations (2.0)Project Management (3.0)Health Physics & Safety (4.0)Radioactive Waste Operations (5.0)Oversight & Planning (1.1)Oversight & Support (2.1)Project Office (3.1)Health Physics Oversight (4.1)Radwaste Management (5.1)Area Preparations (1.2)Area Preparations (2.2)Work Control Center (3.2)Safety Oversight (4.2)Containers and Supplies (5.2)Non-Tokamak Removals (1.3)Non-Tokamak Removals (2.3)Configuration and DocumentControl (3.3)Tokamak Removal Engineering (1.4)Tokamak Removals (2.4)Source: Lawrence E. Boing, ANLTransportation and Disposal (5.3)Mixed Waste Management (5.4)International Atomic Energy Agency13
from JAPCO/Tokai-1 NPP Decom. Web siteInternational Atomic Energy AgencyCost ElementsStandardised List of Cost Elements (NEA / EC / IAEA) 01 Pre-decommissioning actions02 Facility shutdown activities03 Procurement of general equipment and material04 Dismantling activities05 Waste processing, storage and disposal06 Site security, surveillance and maintenance07 Site restoration, cleanup and landscaping08 Project management, engineering and site support09 Research and development10 Fuel and nuclear material11 Other costsalso Labour, Capital Equipment and Material, Expenses, 1999/costlist.pdfInternational Atomic Energy Agency14
References IAEA Safety Guide WS-G-2.1 IAEA Safety Guide WS-G-2.2 IAEA Safety Guide WS-G-2.4 IAEA Technical Reports Series #351 IAEA Technical Reports Series #375 IAEA Technical Reports Series #399 IAEA Technical Reports Series #411International Atomic Energy AgencySummary Planning for decommissioning should be an ongoing process, not a feared process The entire decommissioning process should bewell planned and the roles of various partiesshould be clearly defined Numerous useful IAEA reference documents areavailable – use them!Early and good planning makes dividend later!International Atomic Energy Agency15
3 International Atomic Energy Agency Decommissioning Planning -Key Elements Review of decommissioning strategies Specific studies to support selected strategy Feasibility/ Cost-Benefit analyses Cost estimate for the work at the actual site Schedule for performing the work at the site Technical scope of
The primary objectives are to identify the alternatives available to Reed College with regards to decommissioning and to estimate the associated costs. Note that the removal of reactor fuel is done before commencement of decommissioning operations; therefore, this task is not included as part of decommissioning costs.
OIG conducted an Audit of NRC's Decommissioning Funds Program (OIG-16-A-16) that included a review of NRC's oversight of the decommissioning funds of both reactors and materials. The audit report was issued in June 2016. During that audit, OIG was not able to verify the accuracy of the Inventory List of material licensee decommissioning
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Decommissioning a data center is no small matter. In this eBook, we share our years of experience to help guide your IT team through the decommissioning process. Follow these seven steps to ensure your teardown goes seamlessly: INTRODUCTION 01. INITIAL SET-UP 02. ITEMIZING 03. PLANNING 04. TOOLING-UP 05. TEARING DOWN & WIPING 06. PACKING .
Technology and Innovation Roadmap Project, including the development of a roadmap with a supporting report. Understanding the opportunity for local disposal and recycling pathways; A global review of decommissioning planning and execution of learnings; and Development of a decommissioning innovation and technology roadmap. 1. 2. 3. Introduction
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Audit of NRC’s Transition Process for Decommissioning Power Reactors . plant is dismantled and the property is decontaminated. The entire decommissioning process may take up to 60 years. For a map of si
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