1 Ancient Civilizations (3000-2000)

AncientCivilizationsMesopotamia (pp. 37-40),Egypt(pp. 45-49),Harappa(pp. 71-73),Minoan(pp. 109-111)

MapsObjectivesMesopotamiaIndiaEgyptGreeceBronze AgeCivilizationsTimelineProjects Summarize how geography affectedcultural development Describe city-states Describe early religious beliefs, socialstructure, and technology Explain the influence of ancientcivilizations on later civilizations

3000 BC to 1000 BCEgypt’sOld gyptGreeceSumerianAkkadianZhouDynastyShang iteEgypt’sNew KingdomBabylonMinoanBronze 00 BC2500 BC2000 BC1500 BC1000 BCPrevious

Key TermsMapsMesopotamiaIndiaEgyptGreeceBronze AgeCivilizationsTimelineProjects gypt

MapsMesopotamiaIndiaEgyptGreeceBronze AgeCivilizationsTimelineProjectsAncient Civilizations(3000 – 2000 BC) 4 Major Civilizations grow around 3000 BC– Mesopotamia– Harappa– Minoans– Egypt Why civilization developed?– Challenges (environmental and people)– Increase of food supply broughtspecialization of labor– Religion brought people together with acommon identity

Bronze AgeMapsMesopotamiaIndiaEgyptGreece Ancient civilizations generally grewaround water sources– Why?Bronze AgeCivilizationsTimelineProjects Water provided source for food The first forms of government werethought to be theocracy and monarchy– Theocracy is government by religion, whilemonarchy is government by a king or queen– Why would theocracy be one of the firstforms of government? Ancient civilizations thought that gods controllednatural occurrences

MapsBronze AgeMesopotamiaIndiaEgyptGreeceBronze AgeCivilizationsTimelineProjects Initially, city-states emerged from theNeolithic age– City-State: A city and the area nearbywhich is controlled by it These grew into empires as city-statesbegan to dominate those around them– Empire: An area dominated by another Dynasties of ruling families dominated earlymonarchial governments– Dynasty: A ruling family which passes itspower from generation to generation

MapsBronze AgeMesopotamiaIndiaEgyptGreeceBronze AgeCivilizationsTimelineProjects As a government grew, normally abureaucracy would be established tohelp the ruler run the government– Bureaucracy: A group of unelectedofficials who help run the government Most of the early societies developedinto patriarchal societies– Patriarchal: Male-dominated Most also had polytheistic religions– Polytheistic: Having more than one god

3000 BC to 1000 BCEgypt’sOld gyptGreeceSumerianAkkadianZhouDynastyShang iteEgypt’sNew KingdomBabylonMinoanBronze 00 BC2500 BC2000 BC1500 BC1000 BCPrevious

MapsMesopotamiaIndiaEgyptGreeceMesopotamiaBronze AgeCivilizationsTimelineProjectsBackMesopotamia

MapsMesopotamiaIndiaEgyptGreeceBronze AgeCivilizationsTimelineProjectsBackMesopotamia

MapsMesopotamian GeographyMesopotamiaIndiaEgyptGreece The land between the Tigris and EuphratesRivers is called Mesopotamia.Bronze AgeCivilizationsTimelineProjects It is a part of what is called the FertileCrescent. The silt from flooding made it very good forfarming. However, floods were unpredictable whichmade farming difficult

MapsMesopotamian DevelopmentMesopotamiaIndiaEgyptGreeceBronze AgeCivilizations As villages grew into cities, such asUruk, societies changed intocivilizationsTimelineProjects In Mesopotamia, the cities wereindependent and fought with each other Kings and priests vied for control withinthe cities

MapsAge of the EmpireMesopotamiaIndiaEgyptGreeceBronze AgeCivilizationsTimelineProjects Sargon of Akkad– Around 2350 BC, Sargon defeated all the citystates of Sumer– Though they spoke differently, the Akkadiansadapted many of the Sumerians ways of living– By controlling all of Mesopotamia, Sargon createdthe first empire– It lasted 200 years but had constant internalfighting and famine

Life in Sumerian SocietyMapsMesopotamiaIndiaEgyptGreeceBronze AgeCivilizationsTimelineProjects The Sumerians social classes––––Kings and priestsWealthy merchantsNormal SumeriansSlaves Women could have the same jobs as menand could join the priesthood but could notbe educated Culturally the greatest epic written during thistime was the story of Gilgamesh

MapsMesopotamian ReligionMesopotamiaIndiaEgyptGreece Mesopotamians believed their god livedwithin their cityBronze AgeCivilizations– Ziggurats were built as homesTimelineProjects They believed their gods were allpowerful but with human failings– Humans existed to please the gods

MapsSumerian TechnologyMesopotamiaIndiaEgyptGreeceBronze AgeCivilizationsTimelineProjects Sumerians invented many things– Cuneiform Used mainly for record keeping– Wheel– Plow– Sundial– Arch– Bronze– 60 base system of math (timemeasurements)

3000 BC to 1000 BCEgypt’sOld gyptGreeceSumerianAkkadianZhouDynastyShang iteEgypt’sNew KingdomBabylonMinoanBronze 00 BC2500 BC2000 BC1500 BC1000 BCPrevious

MapsThe Land of AfricaMesopotamiaIndiaEgyptGreeceBronze AgeCivilizationsTimelineProjects Africa is the second largest continent It has several distinct zones– Sahara– The “hump” of Africa– Great Rift Valley– Congo River Basin– KalahariMildzoneDesertSavanahRainForest

MapsThe Climate of AfricaMesopotamiaIndiaEgyptGreeceBronze AgeCivilizationsTimelineProjects Africa has four distinct climate zones– North and southern coasts are mild– Deserts– Rain ForestMild– SavannaszoneDesertSavanahRainForest

MapsMesopotamiaIndiaEgyptGreeceBronze AgeCivilizationsTimelineProjects

Key TermsMapsMesopotamiaIndiaEgyptGreeceBronze AgeCivilizationsTimelineProjects SavannaNileLower EgyptUpper EgyptOld KingdomIntermediate sHieratic Script

MapsMesopotamiaIndiaEgyptGreeceEgyptBronze AgeCivilizationsTimelineProjectsEgypt

EgyptMapsMesopotamiaIndiaEgyptGreeceMediterranean SeaLowerNileBronze AgeRed SeaCivilizationsTimelineProjectsBackUpperNile

MapsImpact of GeographyMesopotamiaIndiaEgyptGreeceBronze AgeCivilizationsTimelineProjects Egyptian history begins with the Nile River. Egypt is split into to parts:– Lower Egypt (near the Mediterranean Sea)– Upper Egypt (Southern part) Like Mesopotamia, the Nile River flooded yearly Unlike Mesopotamia it was predictable– Flood, plant, harvest; flood, plant, harvest The Nile was worshipped as a God

MapsEnvironmental ChangesMesopotamiaIndiaEgyptGreeceBronze AgeCivilizationsTimelineProjects Living off the Nile could be dangerous– If it flooded not enough, the harvest would bereduced– If it flooded too much, mud buildings could bedestroyed– Wildlife could be brought upriver However, the desert and seas isolated earlyEgyptians from warfare in the FertileCrescent

MapsMesopotamiaIndiaEgyptGreeceThe Course of EgyptianHistory Ancient Egyptian history is divided intothree parts:Bronze AgeCivilizationsTimelineProjects– Old Kingdom– Middle Kingdom– New Kingdom The time between each one is calledthe intermediate period.

MapsEgypt Unites Into a KingdomMesopotamiaIndiaEgyptGreece According to legend, Menes united allof EgyptBronze AgeCivilizationsTimelineProjects He created a double crown to show hiscontrol of all Egypt Egypt would eventually have 31dynasties spanning 2,600 years A dynasty is a family of rulers, who’sright to rule s past down the family.

MapsThe Old KingdomMesopotamiaIndiaEgyptGreeceBronze AgeCivilizations The Old Kingdom lasted from 2700 to 2200 BC. The ruler of Egypt is known as the Pharaoh, and wasconsidered a god.TimelineProjects The Pharaoh had absolute power, but ruled through abureaucracy. The Pharaoh was also the head of the religion so thegovernment was a form of theocracy and monarchy

MapsBuilders of PyramidsMesopotamiaIndiaEgyptGreece Egyptians were fascinated with theafterlifeBronze AgeCivilizationsTimelineProjects The Pharaohs built huge tombs to holdthe things they would use in the afterlife These generally took the shape of apyramid in the Old Kingdom period

MapsThe end of the Old KingdomMesopotamiaIndiaEgyptGreeceBronze AgeCivilizationsTimeline Power of the Pharaohs declined in 2180 BC Regional governors began to grow in powerand civil wars broke outProjects When a severe drought broke out around,the Old Kingdom ended and the firstintermediate period began

MapsLife in Egyptian SocietyMesopotamiaIndiaEgyptGreeceBronze AgeCivilizationsTimelineProjects Pharaoh at the top Wealthy landowners, militarycommanders, government officials “Normal” Egyptians Slaves Women had many of the same rightsas men

MapsReligion and LifeMesopotamiaIndiaEgyptGreeceBronze AgeCivilizationsTimeline Egyptians were polytheistic– Ra – Sun God– Horus – God of Light– Isis – MotherhoodProjects Believed that Osiris (God of the dead) wouldjudge them by weighing their heart against afeather People were embalmed by mummification

MapsEgyptian WritingMesopotamiaIndiaEgyptGreeceBronze AgeCivilizationsTimelineProjects While Mesopotamia used cuneiform,Egyptians used hieroglyphics– Pictures as opposed to symbols– Pictures could represent sounds as wellas ideas– From this a simplified form called Hieraticscript came into being. Egyptians used papyrus, a reed thatwhen dried out became a paper-likesheet

MapsArt and ArchitectureMesopotamiaIndiaEgyptGreece Obviously the pyramids and templesare examples of great architecture.Bronze AgeCivilizationsTimelineProjects The Egyptians also started a new styleof two-dimensional painting. They had advanced mathematics, a365 day lunar calendar, and medicaltechniques.

3000 BC to 1000 BCEgypt’sOld gyptGreeceSumerianAkkadianZhouDynastyShang iteEgypt’sNew KingdomBabylonMinoanBronze 00 BC2500 BC2000 BC1500 BC1000 BCPrevious

MapsMesopotamiaIndiaEgyptGreeceBronze AgeCivilizationsTimelineProjects

Key TermsMapsMesopotamiaIndiaEgyptGreeceBronze AgeCivilizationsTimelineProjects MonsoonHimalayanIndian paPersian Gulf

MapsMesopotamiaIndiaEgyptGreeceIndiaBronze AgeCivilizationsTimelineProjectsBackIndia

layaMountainsIndusRiverBronze ianOceanDeccanPlateau

MapsMesopotamiaIndiaEgyptGreeceRivers, Mountains andMonsoons The area of India is called the IndianSubcontinentBronze AgeCivilizationsTimelineProjects The Himalayan Mountains guard the fertileplain made by the Ganges and Indus Rivers Below it is a subcontinent called the Deccan(a peninsula) Seasonal winds called monsoons dominateIndia’s climate

MapsMesopotamiaIndiaEgyptGreeceBronze AgeCivilizationsTimelineProjectsMonsoon

MapsEnvironmental ChangesMesopotamiaIndiaEgyptGreeceBronze AgeCivilizationsTimelineProjects The Indus Valleycivilization faced many ofthe same challenges asEgypt and Mesopotamia– Yearly floods– Floods were unpredictable Also, they had deal withthe wet and dry seasonsbrought by the monsoons The mountains howevergave good protectionfrom invaders

Earliest ArrivalsMapsMesopotamiaIndiaEgyptGreeceBronze AgeCivilizationsTimelineProjects By 3200 BC farming villages began toemerge Around 2500 BC in the Indus Valley, citieswere being built This is called the Harappa Civilization They used sophisticated city planning––––Cities were in a grid systemFeatured citadels in the centerResidential areas were separate from commercialPlumbing and sewage systems were emplaced

MapsCulture and TradeMesopotamiaIndiaEgyptGreeceBronze AgeCivilizationsTimelineProjects Housing tended to be uniform– Social class differences were not great Artifacts such as toys were found– Shows prosperous and stable society Stamps were used to identify goods– Shows they conducted extensive trade Trade extended as far as the PersianGulf

MapsMesopotamiaIndiaEgyptGreeceMysterious End to Indus ValleyCulture 1750 BC the great cities fall. Why?Bronze AgeCivilizationsTimelineProjects– Indus River changed course– Land became overused– Invaders or warfare– Disease– Natural disaster

3000 BC to 1000 BCEgypt’sOld gyptGreeceSumerianAkkadianZhouDynastyShang iteEgypt’sNew KingdomBabylonMinoanBronze 00 BC2500 BC2000 BC1500 BC1000 BCPrevious

Key TermsMapsMesopotamiaIndiaEgyptGreeceBronze AgeCivilizationsTimelineProjects GreeceAnatoliaSpartaOlympusMinoanCreteKnossos

MapsMesopotamiaIndiaEgyptGreeceGreeceBronze AgeCivilizationsTimelineProjectsGreece