Fire Alarm System Fundamentals - Mnafaa
Fire Alarm System FundamentalsA Review of Recent ChangesMichael Baker SETMircom Traveling Trainermbaker@mircomgroup.comAutomatic Fire Alarm Association
Outline Codes and Standards History and Terminology Hardware FACU, Adders, Annunciators, Power Supplies, etc. Wiring Methods and Materials Devices Automatic and Manual Initiating Devices & Modules Appliances Horns, Bells, Buzzers, Chimes, Strobes, & Speakers Holistic Fire ProtectionAutomatic Fire Alarm Association2
Codes and Standards Why are fire alarm systems installed?Where do Building and Fire Codes fit?What about Installation Standards?“Let’s get ready to RUMBLE!”Automatic Fire Alarm Association3
Codes and StandardsQuestion #1When your State Building Code (e.g. IBC)disagrees with its referenced InstallationStandard (e.g. NFPA 72), which one prevails?1) State Building Code2) Referenced Installation StandardIBC-2012 102.4.1 Conflicts. Where conflicts occur betweenprovisions of this code and referenced codes and standards,the provisions of this code shall apply.Automatic Fire Alarm Association
Terminology “Circuit” refers to an electrical interface,(e.g. IDC, SLC, and NAC). “Zone” refers to an area, which mayinclude devices and/or appliances. Circuit “Class” refers to the circuit’s faulttolerance. How the circuit will performduring a fault condition, by labeling it ClassA, B, C, D, E, N or X.Automatic Fire Alarm Association5
Hardware Fire Alarm Control PanelAdder Module(s)Remote Annunciator(s)Remote PowerCircuits and PathwaysAutomatic Fire Alarm Association6
FACP CorrelationsCondition Signal ResponseAlarm Condition. An abnormal condition thatposes an immediate threat to life, property, ormission. 3.3.58*Alarm Signal. A signal that results from themanual or automatic detection of an alarmcondition. 3.3.253*Alarm Response. The response to the receiptof an alarm signal. 3.3.240*IFTTTAutomatic Fire Alarm Association7
Hardware Adder Modules Network Card Conventional, Non-addressable Circuitadder Loop Adder (SLC) Graphic Driver TransmitterAutomatic Fire Alarm Association8
TransmitterCommunications Methods for Supervising StationAlarm Systems.NFPA 72-2016 26.6It is not the intent of Section 26.6 to limit the use oflisted equipment using alternate communicationsmethods, provided these methods demonstrateperformance characteristics that are equal to orsuperior to those technologies described in Section26.6 .NFPA 72-2016 A.26.6.2.2Automatic Fire Alarm Association9
Remote AnnunciatorDistribute ControlAutomatic Fire Alarm Association10
Remote Power BoostersDistribute PowerAutomatic Fire Alarm Association11
Secondary Power SupplySized to operate the system for 24 hours inthe non-alarm condition and then for 5 or 15minutes in the alarm condition.(Emergency Voice/Alarm Communicationsystems for 15 minutes at full load.)NFPA 72-2016 10.6.7.2*Automatic Fire Alarm Association12
Battery-set Size Calculation3-step ProcessStep 1: Total quiescent (non-alarm) loadtimes 24 hours (AH) plus;Step 2: Total alarm load times 5 minutes (AH)(15 minutes for EVAC systems)Step 3: Add a 20% safety margin (AH)Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Battery-set SizeNFPA 72-2016 10.6.7.2Automatic Fire Alarm Association13
Circuits and PathwaysPathway Class Designations.Pathways shall be designated as Class A, ClassB, Class C, Class D, Class E, Class N, or Class X,depending upon their performance in a faultcondition.NFPA 72-2016 12.3*Automatic Fire Alarm Association14
CompatibilityAll devices and appliances that receive theirpower from the initiating device circuit orsignaling line circuit of a control unit shall belisted for use with the control unit.NFPA 72-2016 10.3.3*This requirement does not apply tonotification appliance circuits.NFPA 72-2016 A.10.3.3Automatic Fire Alarm Association15
Addressable DeviceA fire alarm system component with discreteidentification that can have its statusindividually identified or that is used toindividually control other functions.NFPA 72-2016 3.3.8Input devices are polled, changes in theircondition (variable) affect an algorithm, whichwhen satisfied will result in an output (e.g.Alarm, Supervisory, Trouble, SO, Relay, etc.)Automatic Fire Alarm Association16
SLC Supervision13412321AddressableFire AlarmControl Panel758119106Signaling Line Circuit (SLC)Automatic Fire Alarm Association
Conventional IDC vs. Addressable SLCInitiating Device Circuit (IDC)111ConventionalFire AlarmControl Panel11113412321AddressableFire AlarmControl Panel76EOLR5811910Signaling Line Circuit (SLC)Automatic Fire Alarm Association
SLC SupervisionQuestion #2Are you permitted to t-tap a Class B SLC?Automatic Fire Alarm Association
Fire Alarm System Wiring MethodsThe installation of all pathway wiring, cable, andequipment shall be in accordance with NFPA 70 andthe applicable requirements of 12.2.3.1 [FO],12.2.3.2 [NFPA 70 Article 760], and 12.2.3.3[Survivability].NFPA 72-2016 12.2.3Installation and Use.Listed or labeled equipment shall be installed andused in accordance with any instructions included inthe listing or labeling.NFPA 70-2014 110.3(B)Automatic Fire Alarm Association20
Wiring Methods and MaterialsNFPA 70-2014 Chapter 3Wiring Methods and MaterialsI. General Requirements300.1 Scope.All Wiring Installations. This article covers generalrequirements for wiring methods and materials for all wiringinstallations unless modified by other articles in Chapter 3.760.130 Wiring Methods and Materials on LoadSide of the PLFA Power Source.760.130(A) [NPLFA], (B) [PLFA], or a combination of (A) & (B).Automatic Fire Alarm Association21
Voltage DropEquipment shall be designed so that it iscapable of performing its intended functionsunder the following conditions:(1) *At 85% and at 110% of the nameplate primary(main) and secondary (standby) input voltage(s)(2) At ambient temperatures of 32 F and 120 F(3) At a relative humidity of 85% and an ambienttemperature of 86 FNFPA 72-2016 10.3.5Automatic Fire Alarm Association22
Circuit FundamentalsSourceALARM SUPERVISORY TROUBLEFIREALARMCONTROLPANELLoad-Circuit Conductors -End-of-lineResistor Automatic Fire Alarm Association23
Voltage Drop Is a function of current and resistance. E IR Resistance is a function of conductor lengthand size.AWGDC Resistance /1000’101.24121.98143.07164.89187.77NFPA 70-2014, Chapter 9, Table 8 Conductor PropertiesAutomatic Fire Alarm Association24
Voltage DropQuestion #3Voltage drop is a function of;1) Wire size2) Battery-set size3) Distance between source and load4) Avogadro's Number5) 1 & 3Automatic Fire Alarm Association
DevicesAutomatic Heat, Smoke, Flame, Gas, Waterflow,Spark, Video Image, .Manual Box; single action, double actionSupervisory Signal Valve Position, Air Pressure, Fire PumpAddressable Modules Monitor (input), SO & Relay (output)Automatic Fire Alarm Association26
Heat-Sensing Fire DetectorsNFPA 72-2016 17.6Automatic Fire Alarm Association
Smoke-sensing Fire DetectorsNFPA 72-2016 17.7Automatic Fire Alarm Association
Radiant Energy-Sensing Fire DetectorsNFPA 72-2016 17.8Automatic Fire Alarm Association
Combination, Multi-Criteria,and Multi-Sensor DetectorsNFPA 72-2016 17.9Automatic Fire Alarm Association
Gas DetectionNFPA 72-2016 17.10Automatic Fire Alarm Association
Manually ActuatedAlarm-Initiating DevicesNFPA 72-2016 17.14Automatic Fire Alarm Association
Manual Fire Alarm BoxProtective CoversAutomatic Fire Alarm Association33
Manual Fire Alarm BoxProtective CoversQuestion #4Are you permitted to install a manual firealarm box protective cover over a doubleaction manual box?NFPA 72-2016 17.14.7 Listed protective covers shallbe permitted to be installed over single- or doubleaction manually actuated alarm-initiating devices.IBC-2012 907.4.2.5 Protective covers. The fire codeofficial is authorized to require the installation oflisted manual fire alarm box protective covers toprevent malicious false alarms .Automatic Fire Alarm Association
Fire ExtinguisherElectronic Monitoring DeviceNFPA 72-2016 17.15Automatic Fire Alarm Association
Supervisory Signal–Initiating DevicesNFPA 72-2016 17.16Automatic Fire Alarm Association
Notification AppliancesNFPA 72-2016 18.1Automatic Fire Alarm Association
Public Mode Audible RequirementsTo ensure the audible public mode signals areclearly heard, they shall be: 15 dBA above average ambient SPL or; 5 dBA above maximum SPL (having a duration ofat least 60 seconds)Whichever is greater, in the area required tobe served by the system on the A-weightedscale (dBA).NFPA 72-2016 18.4.3.1*Automatic Fire Alarm Association38
Average Ambient Sound LevelBusiness Occupancies.Education Occupancies.Industrial Occupancies.Institutional Occupancies.Mercantile Occupancies.Piers & Water Surrounded Structures.Places of Assembly.Residential Occupancies.and so on .55 dBA45 dBA80 dBA50 dBA40 dBA40 dBA55 dBA35 dBANFPA 72-2016 Table A.18.4.3Automatic Fire Alarm Association39
Voice IntelligibilityVoice Intelligibility.Within the acoustically distinguishable spaces (ADS)where voice intelligibility is required, voicecommunications systems shall reproduceprerecorded, synthesized, or live (e.g., microphone,telephone handset, and radio) messages with voiceintelligibility.NFPA 72-2016 18.4.10*Intelligible. Capable of being understood;comprehensible; clear.NFPA 72-2016 3.3.135*Automatic Fire Alarm Association40
Voice IntelligibilityQuestion #5Are you permitted to determine voiceintelligibility with a Sound Pressure Levelmeter?NFPA 72-2016 Annex D.2.4.2. There are two basic categories ofintelligibility testing: (1) subject (human)based testing and (2) instrument based testmethods . CIS . STI .Automatic Fire Alarm Association
Visible Notification ApplianceNFPA 72-2016 18.5Automatic Fire Alarm Association
Visible Signaling RequirementsVisible notification appliances shall beinstalled in accordance with Table18.5.5.4.1(a) or Table 18.5.5.4.1(b) using oneof the following:(1) A single visible notification appliance.(2) *Two groups of visible notification appliances,where visual appliances of each group aresynchronized, in the same room or adjacent spacewithin the field of view. This shall includesynchronization of strobes operated by separatesystems.NFPA 72-2016 18.5.5.4.2Automatic Fire Alarm Association43
Textual Audible ApplianceWhere no listed loudspeaker exists to achievethe intelligibility requirements of the Code fora notification zone, non-listed loudspeakersshall be permitted to be installed to achievethe intelligibility for that notification zone.NFPA 72-2016 24.3.1.2*Automatic Fire Alarm Association
Textual and Graphical Visible AppliancesNFPA 72-2016 18.9*Automatic Fire Alarm Association45
Emergency Communication System(ECS) One-Way Emergency Communications System. Distributed Recipient Mass Notification System(DRMNS). In-Building Fire Emergency Voice/AlarmCommunications System. In-Building Mass Notification System. Wide-Area Mass Notification System. Two-Way Emergency Communications System. Area of Refuge (Area of Rescue Assistance)Emergency Communications Elevator Emergency Communications Systems Stairway CommunicationsNFPA 72-2016 Ch 24Automatic Fire Alarm Association46
SurvivabilityFor systems employing relocation or partialevacuation, a Level 2 or Level 3 pathwaysurvivability shall be required.Exception No. 1: Level 1 shall be permitted wherenotification zones are separated by less than 2-hourfire-rated construction.Exception No. 2: Level 1 shall be permitted wherethere are at least two pathways that are separatedby at least one-third the maximum diagonal of thenotification or signaling zones that the pathways arepassing through and the pathway is Class X or N.NFPA 72-2016 24.3.13.4.1 12.4 SurvivabilityAutomatic Fire Alarm Association47
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NFPA 72-2016 Chapter 21Emergency Control Function Interfaces Elevator Recall for Fire Fighters’ ServiceElevator ShutdownFire Service Access ElevatorsOccupant Evacuation ElevatorsHVAC SystemsDoor and Shutter ReleaseElectrically Locked DoorsExit Marking Audible Notification SystemsAutomatic Fire Alarm Association49
Elevator CodePhase I Emergency Recall Operation byFire Alarm Initiating DevicesFire alarm initiating devices shall be installedin conformance with NFPA 72, and located: At each floor served by the elevator; In the associated elevator machine room; In the elevator hoistway, when required.ASME A17.1 2.27.3.2Automatic Fire Alarm Association50
Elevator Recall forFirefighters’ Service21.3.7* When sprinklers are required in elevatorhoistways by other codes or standards, fire alarminitiating devices shall be installed to initiateelevator recall IAW ASME A.17.1 2.27.3.2.1(c) andthe following:(1) Where sprinklers are located above the lowest level ofrecall, the fire detection device shall be located at the topof the hoistway.(2) Where sprinklers are located in the bottom of thehoistway (the pit), fire detection device(s) shall beinstalled in the pit in accordance with Chapter 17.(3) Outputs to the elevator controller(s) shall comply with21.3.13. [Satisfy ASME A17.1]Automatic Fire Alarm Association51
Smoke Detectors forControl of Smoke SpreadClassifications. Smoke detectors installed andused to prevent smoke spread by initiatingcontrol of fans, dampers, doors, and otherequipment shall be classified in the followingmanner:(1) Area detectors that are installed in the relatedsmoke compartments(2) Detectors that are installed in the air duct systems(3) Video image smoke detection that is installed inrelated smoke compartmentsNFPA 72-2016 17.7.5*Automatic Fire Alarm Association52
Smoke Detectors forControl of Smoke SpreadAutomatic Fire Alarm Association53
Emergency Control FunctionsEmergency control function interface devicesshall be located within 3 ft (1 m) of thecomponent controlling the emergency controlfunction.NFPA 72-2016 21.2.4*. The location of the emergency controlfunction interface device within 3 ft (0.9 m)applies to the point of interface and not toremotely located equipment.NFPA 72-2016 A.21.2.454Automatic Fire Alarm Association
Emergency Control FunctionsQuestion #6Imagine an air handler on the rooftop used topressurize a stairwell.Where do we connect it to the FACP?1) At the AHU on the rooftop2) In the 1st floor motor control centerAutomatic Fire Alarm Association
In Conclusion Automatic Fire Alarm Association
Sep 05, 2018 · mission. 3.3.58* Alarm Signal. A signal that results from the manual or automatic detection of an alarm condition. 3.3.253* Alarm Response. The response to the receipt of an alarm signal. 3.3.240* IFTTT 7 . . NFPA 70-2014, Chapter 9, Table 8 Conductor Properties 24
Alarm 1 is a ‘Sound Once’ alarm, and Alarm 2 is an ‘Everyday’ alarm. Alarm 1 Setting/Alarm 2 Setting Press the ‘Alarm 1’ button (Ref.4) or ‘Alarm 2’ button (Ref.5) to activate alarm settings. ‘OFF’ will begin lashing on the screen. Select Alarm 1 or 2 b
Run Card Requirements Continued Structure Fire goes to 7th Alarm and all 7 Alarm and all 7 Alarms are required. Brush Fire goes to 7th Alarm and all 7 Alarm and all 7 alarms are required. All other incident types can go to 4th Alarm Alarm and minimum of 2nd alarm is required.alarm is required. When a Compan
national fire alarm code, and section 13.7. 2006 nf pa 1. fire alarm system installation and maintenance shal l be in accordance with nfpa 72, national fire alarm code, and 2006 nfpa 1. 13.7.1.4.9.8 audibility. the alarm signal shall be a distinctive sound, which is not used for any other purpose other than the fire alarm. alarm-signaling
addressable fire alarm control panel 2 loop addressable fire alarm control panel 4 loop addressable fire alarm control panel 6 loop addressable fire alarm control panel 8 loop addressable fire alarm control panel product code: m.u.yan.00016 product code: m.u.yan.00018 battery included product code: m.u.yan.00020 product code: m.u.yan.00022
DETECTION ZONE 11 DETECTION ZONE 12 ALARM ZONE 1 ALARM ZONE 2 ALARM ZONE 3 ALARM ZONE 4 Alarm Zones An alarm zone is clearly defined within the standard but generally is an area of the building coinciding with the fire compartment boundaries. There must be a clear break between these alarm zones to ensure alert and evacuation messages are not .
fire alarm system may be provided with an alarm verification feature, subject to the approval of the relevant authority. The following components of the fire alarm system shall not be subject to this feature; a) Alarm Zone facilities containing only manual call points; b) Circuit between sub-alarm panels and the main alarm panels;
NFS2-640 Intelligent Addressable Fire Alarm System Intelligent Fire Alarm Control Panels dn-7111:b † A-13 NFS2-640 7111pho2.jpg General The NFS2-640 intelligent Fire Alarm Control Panel is part of the ONYX Series of Fire Alarm Controls from NOTIFIER. As a stand-alone small-to-large system, or as a File Size: 710KBPage Count: 10
Welcome to the ASME/Bath 2019 Symposium on Fluid Power and Motion Control (FPMC 2019) held at the Zota Beach Resort, on the powdery white sands and brilliant turquoise waters of Sarasota’s Longboat Key, Florida. I hope you will find the technical program of the symposium engaging. I also hope that you will enjoy the social events and further develop your network with colleagues. The .
