Section 13.1 Ecologists Study Relationships KEY CONCEPT .

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Section 13.1 Ecologists Study RelationshipsKEY CONCEPTEcology is the study of the relationships amongorganisms and their environment.

Ecologists study environments at different levels oforganization. Ecology is the study of the interactions among livingthings, and between living things and their surroundings.

Ecologists study environments at different levels oforganization. An organism is an individual livingthing, such as an alligator.OrganismOrganism

Ecologists study environments at different levels oforganization. A population is a group of the samespecies that lives in one area.PopulationPopulationOrganismOrganism

Ecologists study environments at different levels oforganization. A community is a group of differentspecies that live together in one mOrganism

Ecologists study environments at different levels oforganization. An ecosystem includes all of theorganisms as well as the climate, soil,water, rocks and other nonliving thingsEcosystemin a given onOrganismOrganism

Ecologists study environments at different levels oforganization.Biome A biome is a major regional or globalcommunity of organisms characterizedby the climate conditions and plantEcosystemcommunities that thrive ionOrganismOrganism

Ecologists study environments at different levels oforganization. The biosphere is the sum of all biomes on earth. Itincludes all living organisms on earth, together with thedead organic matter produced by them.

Section 13.2 Biotic and Abiotic FactorsKEY CONCEPTEvery ecosystem includes both living and nonlivingfactors.

An ecosystem includes both biotic and abiotic factors. Biotic factors are living things.– plants– animals– fungi– bacteria

An ecosystem includes both biotic and abiotic factors. Abiotic factors are nonliving things.– moisture– temperature– wind– sunlight– soil

Changing one factor in an ecosystem can affect manyother factors. Biodiversity is the assortment, or variety, of living things inan ecosystem. Rain forests have more biodiversity than other locations inthe world, but are threatened by human activities.

Changing one factor in an ecosystem can affect manyother factors. A keystone species is a species that has an unusuallylarge effect on its ecosystem.keystone

Changing one factor in an ecosystem can affect manyother factors. Keystone species form and maintain a complex web of life.creation ofwetlandecosystemincreased waterfowlPopulationkeystone speciesincreasedfishpopulationnestingsites forbirds

Section 13.3 Energy in EcosystemsKEY CONCEPTLife in an ecosystem requires a source of energy.

Producers provide energy for other organisms in anecosystem. Producers get their energy from non-living resources. Producers are also called autotrophs because they maketheir own food.

Producers provide energy for other organisms in anecosystem. Consumers are organisms that get their energy by eatingother living or once-living resources. Consumers are also called heterotrophs because theyfeed off of different things.

Almost all producers obtain energy from sunlight. Photosynthesis in most producers uses sunlight as anenergy source. Chemosynthesis in prokaryote producers uses chemicalsas an energy source.carbon dioxide water hydrogen sulfide oxygensugar sulfuric acid

Section 13.4 Food Chains and Food WebsKEY CONCEPTFood chains and food webs model the flow of energyin an ecosystem.

A food chain is a model that shows a sequence of feedingrelationships. A food chain links species by their feeding relationships. A food chain follows the connection between one producerand a single chain of consumers within an ecosystem.GRAMA GRASSDESERT COTTONTAILHARRIS’S HAWK

A food web shows a complex network of feedingrelationship

Section 13.1 Ecologists Study Relationships KEY CONCEPT . Ecologists study environments at different levels of organization. The biosphere is the sum of all biomes on earth. It includes all living organisms on earth

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