Effective Interpersonal CommunicationEffective .
Th UTheUniversityiit off TTexas att DDallasllErik Jonsson School of Engineeringgg andComputer ScienceEffective Interpersonal Communication In ECS 1200, which most of you have already taken,you studiedi communicationsi ito peers and superiorsiinithe professional world. These included oral ppresentations,, ((includingg lengthyg yformal presentations and the brief “elevator pitch”),and also effective written presentations or reports. Such reports are the backbone (unfortunately) ofmodern office communication, and thus the techniqueof the effective “office report” or presentation areiimportantto engineers-in-training.iii i1EE 1202 Lecture #5 – Effective Interpersonal Communication N. B. Dodge 04/12
Th UTheUniversityiit off TTexas att DDallasllErik Jonsson School of Engineeringgg andComputer Science“InterpersonalpCommunication” Professional communications are very important, true.However, equally important are your interpersonal communication,that is, communication between you and other professionals on aone-on-one basis.Your abilityy to communicate with other professionalsp– both ppeersand superiors – can be a key to your success:– What if you get a chance to convince a superior of your qualificationfor a major promotion?– WhatWh t if you gett a chancehtto pitchit h your ““greatt ididea”” tto ththe bboss?– Wouldn’t you like to know the best way to communicate?2EE 1202 Lecture #5 – Effective Interpersonal Communication N. B. Dodge 04/12
Th UTheUniversityiit off TTexas att DDallasllErik Jonsson School of Engineeringgg andComputer SciencePersonality Styles and Effective Communication It turns out that effectively communicating with others(peers, bosses, even spouses and girl/boy friends!) is askill that can be learned. MuchM h theoryhhhas bbeen ddevelopedl d on personallcommunication, most of it centered on understandingthe ppersonalityy styley of the pperson with whom yyou needto communicate.3EE 1202 Lecture #5 – Effective Interpersonal Communication N. B. Dodge 04/12
Th UTheUniversityiit off TTexas att DDallasllErik Jonsson School of Engineeringgg andComputer ScienceFoundation of Personality Style Analysis* 4Isabel Briggs Myers (1897-1980), with, by the way, only abachelor's degree in political science was responsible forcreating the most widely used “personalitypersonality inventoryinventory” ofall time.The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator test, now taken bymillions of people each year, was developed over a periodoff more ththan ffortyt years.Myers and her mother, Katharine Cook Briggs (18751968), were highly interested in Jung's work onpersonality,py, which led to their developmentpof apsychological testing instrument that would clarify thebasics of an individual’s personality.She researched and developed the personality typeinstrument (or test) over the next four decadesdecades, until herdeath. * From the web page of the Center for Applications of Psychological TypeEE 1202 Lecture #5 – Effective Interpersonal Communication N. B. Dodge 04/12
Th UTheUniversityiit off TTexas att DDallasllErik Jonsson School of Engineeringgg andComputer ScienceBriggs-Myers (Continued) The Briggs-Myers personality classification test (andassociated techniques) make up a rather difficult threedimensional description that (at least to me) seem ratherethereal and hard to quantify.Briggs Although I am a strong believer in the basic BriggsMyers approach, I prefer a simpler categorizationsystem used by several experts, including Merrill-Reidand Bob PhillipsPhillips. The original Briggs-Myers system is probably somewhatmore accurate, but the system I propose (and willintroduce you to) is actually usable in daily life!5EE 1202 Lecture #5 – Effective Interpersonal Communication N. B. Dodge 04/12
Erik Jonsson School of Engineeringgg and alytical Weaknesses:– Moody– Self-CenteredSelf Centered– Picky16– Loyal– Sensitive– Highly Disciplined– Critical– Unsociable– Inflexible– Indecisive– Moralistic– VengefulEE 1202 Lecture #5 – Effective Interpersonal Communication N. B. Dodge 04/12
Th UTheUniversityiit off TTexas att DDallasllErik Jonsson School of Engineeringgg andComputer ScienceThe Driver: Bold and Decisive Drivers want to take control! They are performance-oriented anddelight in hard work. Idleness drives them crazy.Drivers like challenges (a good engineering trait!) and have apassion for knowledge (also good!). They can be forceful andrequire too much from themselves and, as managers, fromemployees. The vision of failure haunts them.Driver Strengths:– Determined– Visionary– Self-Confident – Optimistic– Practical– Natural Leader– Unsympathetic– Domineering– Prejudiced– Sarcastic– Hostile– UnforgivingDriver Weaknesses:– Workaholic– Opinionated– Inconsiderate17– (Very) Independent– Mover– EfficientEE 1202 Lecture #5 – Effective Interpersonal Communication N. B. Dodge 04/12
Th UTheUniversityiit off TTexas att DDallasllErik Jonsson School of Engineeringgg andComputer ScienceThe Expressive: Rash But Caring Expressives are impulsive; they live in the here and now.They tend to be happy and endure hardships better than othersocial styles, as they know it will usually pass (also a good qualityfor engineers!).They like to reminisce and love social interaction. They also arefriendly and outgoing.Expressive Strengths:– Outgoing– Warm– Talkative – Charismatic– Responsive– GenerousExpressive Weaknesses:– Weak-Willed– Undependable– Loud18– Ambitious– Stimulating– Enthusiastic– Manipulative– Undisciplined– Disorganized– Restless– Obnoxious– EgotisticalEE 1202 Lecture #5 – Effective Interpersonal Communication N. B. Dodge 04/12
Th UTheUniversityiit off TTexas att DDallasllErik Jonsson School of Engineeringgg andComputer ScienceThe Amiable: Supporting and Friendly Amiables are friendly; they work well with others and often getinvolved in causes. They are wordsmiths, and frequently producewritten work that can influence people. They are compassionate.Amiables like to have direction. When working with a group, theyseek input frequently and work for group agreement (a good traitfor an engineering team leader). They seek to promote harmony.Amiable Strengths:– Calm– Likeable– Practical – Easygoing– Organized– Cooperative– Not Self-Confident– Stubborn– Awkward– Not a Doer– Dependent– BlaséAmiable Weaknesses:– Wants to Conform– Selfish– Indecisive19– Supportive– Efficient– DependableEE 1202 Lecture #5 – Effective Interpersonal Communication N. B. Dodge 04/12
Th UTheUniversityiit off TTexas att DDallasllErik Jonsson School of Engineeringgg andComputer ScienceThe Secret to Good Interpersonal Communications It is not hard to learn to be a really good personto person communicatorto-personcommunicator. There are two things you need to know:– What is YOUR personality style.– WhatWh t iis theth stylet l off ththe person withith whomhyou needd ttocommunicate. If you understand the two personality stylesiinvolvedl d ini theth communication,i tiit isi easy totunderstand how to improve your communicationqtechnique.20EE 1202 Lecture #5 – Effective Interpersonal Communication N. B. Dodge 04/12
Th UTheUniversityiit off TTexas att DDallasllErik Jonsson School of Engineeringgg andComputer ScienceWhat is Your Style? Get out your two questionnaires. Hopefully, you completed them as requested and haveyour totalsl forf eachh columnlon eachh page writtenidown.d Before we look at your totals, please note:– This is a fairly coarse rating test. You should not accept theanswers as absolute or 100% correct.– However, they can give some indication of your style.– They are probably somewhat accurate if, on soberconsideration,id tiyou thithinkk theyth describedib your personalitylit stylet l attleast approximately.– If you think you are misdescribed, fine. You can purchasebooks and more complete tests that can do a better job ofcarefully describing your style.21EE 1202 Lecture #5 – Effective Interpersonal Communication N. B. Dodge 04/12
Th UTheUniversityiit off TTexas att DDallasllErik Jonsson School of Engineeringgg andComputer ScienceYour Style (2) Task/Relationship: The totals move you up and downthe y-axis:y axis:– If your task total is higher, you are moving into the AnalyticalDriver area of the personality plane.– If your relationship total is higher, you are moving into theAmiable-Expressive area of the personality plane.– If your ask total is higher, you are moving into the AnalyticalAmiable area of the personality plane.– If your tell total is higher, you are moving into the DriverExpressive area of the personality plane. Now let’s consider the totals together:22EE 1202 Lecture #5 – Effective Interpersonal Communication N. B. Dodge 04/12
Th UTheUniversityiit off TTexas att DDallasllErik Jonsson School of Engineeringgg andComputer ScienceYour Style (3) High Task/Ask totals indicate an Analytical personality. High Task/Tell totals indicate a Driver personality.personality High Relationship/Tell totals indicate an Expressivepersonality. HighHi h Relationship/AskR l ti hi /A k totalst t l indicatei di t an AmiableA i blpersonality. Remember, your indications are very approximate.However, they can be of potential use. Further, remember that there are no BAD personalitystyles. All four have strengths and weaknesses.23EE 1202 Lecture #5 – Effective Interpersonal Communication N. B. Dodge 04/12
Th UTheUniversityiit off TTexas att DDallasllErik Jonsson School of Engineeringgg andComputer ScienceCommunicating with the “Other” Styles Knowing the styles of the four major personality types,and knowing their strengths,strengths weaknesses,weaknesses and generaltendencies, we can now think about communicatingwith each group. InI general,l mostt communicationsi tiini theth workplacek lareto either (a) convey information, or (b) persuade coworkers (or superiors) about a course of action. The first purpose (a) generally does not require anychange of style. However, for (b), you need to structureyour communication to the style of the addressee.24EE 1202 Lecture #5 – Effective Interpersonal Communication N. B. Dodge 04/12
Th UTheUniversityiit off TTexas att DDallasllErik Jonsson School of Engineeringgg andComputer ScienceCommunicating With an Analytical Remember: Analyticals want to analyze and think over an issuebefore taking action. They are schedule-oriented and detailconscious, and they simply LOVE charts and graphs and reams ofdata to analyze! They are also smart, so you can’t persuade themwith smoke and mirrors! However, they have a very strong workethic so they want to do the right thingethic,thing.Therefore, if you need to persuade an analytical to a course ofaction, give them lots of data!– Provide charts,, ggraphs,p , lists,, schedules,, everythingyg that pproves yyour ppoint anddoes it in garish detail! Use data that makes your point for you, and clearly.– Do not, however, push for a quick decision. Analyticals are slow-moving andprone to extensive analysis, making certain that the data shows a clear trend.– But beware! Analyticalsyare the most pprone to fall into “analysisy pparalysis.”yYou may have to give them a “gentle shove” to finally get a decision!25EE 1202 Lecture #5 – Effective Interpersonal Communication N. B. Dodge 04/12
Th UTheUniversityiit off TTexas att DDallasllErik Jonsson School of Engineeringgg andComputer ScienceCommunicating With a Driver Remember that drivers want to drive the bus! They lovechallenges and delight in hard work, and idleness drives themcrazy. They hate, hate, hate to fail. As they said in the movieApollo 13, “Failure is NOT an option!”Further, drivers don’t care much what people think (they are notgood “people persons”), but they really want to complete the task!Therefore, to persuade a driver about a course of action, showthem the goal!– Show a clear path to the problem/project/etcproblem/project/etc. resolutionresolution.– Show how they win!– Show that the proposal or solution is a natural outcome of the problem, and apractical and sensible path.– If possible give proof that this solution or method gets the group moving andsets the course to a fast resolution.26EE 1202 Lecture #5 – Effective Interpersonal Communication N. B. Dodge 04/12
Th UTheUniversityiit off TTexas att DDallasllErik Jonsson School of Engineeringgg andComputer ScienceCommunicating With an Expressive Remember that expressives live in the here and now and likeimmediate action. They are willing to accept hardships ortemporary discomfort, as they know it will probably not last long.They like to reminisce and love social interaction, and tend to befriendly and outgoing. What whets the analytical’s appetite boresthem to tears.Therefore, to persuade the expressive, show them the benefits(especially people benefits)!– Be friendly and genial; establish a good relationship early-on.early on– Show them the career benefits of their choice.– Explain how this is the best choice for the team; how this will promote groupharmony and the best working conditions.– Build their enthusiasm by stressing your good relationshiprelationship. On the otherhand, don’t use too much data, or they will get bored!27EE 1202 Lecture #5 – Effective Interpersonal Communication N. B. Dodge 04/12
Th UTheUniversityiit off TTexas att DDallasllErik Jonsson School of Engineeringgg andComputer ScienceCommunicating With an Amiable Remember that like expressives, amiables are friendly andcompassionate working well with others.compassionate,othersAmiables do like to have direction. When working with a group,they seek input frequently and work for group agreement. Theyalways seek to promote harmony.Therefore, to win over the Amiable, show them the teamworkpossibilities!– Help them to see how the team will work more efficiently and communicationswill be better.– Show how organization will be more cohesive.– Stress how you expect their support and their efforts to improve team bonding.– Since amiables appreciate direction (unlike analyticals, who cannot be pushed),emphasize how you expect their acquiescence and adherence to the ideas.28EE 1202 Lecture #5 – Effective Interpersonal Communication N. B. Dodge 04/12
Th UTheUniversityiit off TTexas att DDallasllErik Jonsson School of Engineeringgg andComputer ScienceNotes on Communication Clearly, any two persons with the same fundamental style will be“in sync” while communicating.What about communication between styles?– Analyticals and drivers are task-oriented. This is a plus, but theanalytical must watch out, as the “telling” driver will take control.– Drivers and expressives are both “tellers“tellers.”” GoodGood. But drivers careless about relationships, so conflict over people (“feelings”) can occur.– Expressives and amiables are relationship-oriented, so that is good.But once again, the “asker” must beware the “teller” taking control.– Amiables and analyticals like to ask questions, take data, andconsider. Problem is, they will clash over putting task over people. Notice that styles in the same half-plane have commonalitiesth t can hthathelpl iin communication.i tiButB t whath t about b t29EE 1202 Lecture #5 – Effective Interpersonal Communication N. B. Dodge 04/12
Th UTheUniversityiit off TTexas att DDallasllErik Jonsson School of Engineeringgg andComputer ScienceThe Dreaded “Opposite-Corner” Problem Analyticals and Expressives have NOTHING in common! Neither do Drivers and Amiables! They conflict on both of the major “personality plane”descriptives. They agree on neither ask/tell interactionnor on task/relationshipt k/ l ti hi orientation.i t ti Guess what? These disparate pairs have real trouble incommunicating! What this says to us, the knowledgeable personality-stylemavens, is NOT that they cannot communicate, but thatthey will have to work at it!30EE 1202 Lecture #5 – Effective Interpersonal Communication N. B. Dodge 04/12
Th UTheUniversityiit off TTexas att DDallasllErik Jonsson School of Engineeringgg andComputer ScienceHow Can You Identify a Style? To enhance your interpersonal communication, you notonly need to understand your style,style you need to identifythe other person’s style. This is not always easy. Even if you were to asksomeone, “What“Wh t iis your personalitylit style?”t l ?” (a(somewhat awkward way to start a conversation), theyprobably have not had the training, and therefore don’tknow! However, you can observe them and identify behavioralcharacteristics that can help identify their basic style.31EE 1202 Lecture #5 – Effective Interpersonal Communication N. B. Dodge 04/12
Erik Jonsson School of Engineeringgg andComputer ScienceTh UTheUniversityiit off TTexas att DDallasll“Tells” Poker is very popular these days, with populartelevised tournaments and lots of publicitypublicity. Therefore you have probably watched some of them, orat least heard people talk about them. ThusTh ththe wordd “t“tell.”ll ” A “t“tell”ll” iis an unconsciousihabith bitthat a poker player may have that reveals what kind ofa hand the person has. For example, a man might run his left hand through hishair when he has a good poker holding. Or a womanmight rub an earring in the same situation.32EE 1202 Lecture #5 – Effective Interpersonal Communication N. B. Dodge 04/12
Th UTheUniversityiit off TTexas att DDallasllErik Jonsson School of Engineeringgg andComputer Science“Tells” (2) Personality styles have similar “tells.” You can usethese essentially unconscious motions or characteristicsto help you identify the personality style of someonewith whom you wish to communicate effectively. With a littllittle practice,ti theseth“tells”“t ll ” can beb easy totrecognize and quite effective in nailing the basic style ofyour counterpart in a conversation. Personality style characteristics are as distinct asfingerprints, and with practice, as easy to recognize.Let’ss consider some examples. Let33EE 1202 Lecture #5 – Effective Interpersonal Communication N. B. Dodge 04/12
Erik Jonsson School of Engineeringgg andComputer ScienceTh UTheUniversityiit off TTexas att DDallasllTASKAnalytical Little emotion(“poker face”) Reserved Argue with facts Not flexible Hard to know Few gesturesASKDriver Little emotion(“poker face”) Aggressive Focuses on win Inflexible Takes control Few gestures areusually emphaticAmiableExpressive Face alight withemotion Friendly SuggestsSt Informal, easy Ready to go along Animated, manygesturesg Face alight withemotion Friendly ArguesAemotionallyti ll Informal, easy Attitude very clear Animated, manygesturesgTELLRELATIONSHIP34EE 1202 Lecture #5 – Effective Interpersonal Communication N. B. Dodge 04/12
Th UTheUniversityiit off TTexas att DDallasllErik Jonsson School of Engineeringgg andComputer Science“Tell” Summary Analyticals and drivers display little emotion, butdrivers are emphaticpand want to take control. Drivers and expressives are very emphatic and want totake control, but expressives will consider feelings ofothers while drivers focus on task.others,task Expressives and amiables are people-oriented, butexpressives seek to control while amiables want outsideinput. Amiables and analyticals ask questions, analyze, andyare not ppeoplepseek to defer decisions,, but analyticalsoriented, and focus only on the task.35EE 1202 Lecture #5 – Effective Interpersonal Communication N. B. Dodge 04/12
Th UTheUniversityiit off TTexas att DDallasllErik Jonsson School of Engineeringgg andComputer ScienceSome Niceties Although our version of the Myers-Briggs personalityanalysisy has onlyy two dimensions and four basic styles,y ,experts in this discipline usually subdivide each basicstyle into four sub-styles. Each sub-style has a lessemphatic version of one of the major styles.styles Thus each style is subdivided into analytical, driver,expressive, and amiable sub-styles. This acknowledgesthe fact that in each style, there is a variation ofbehavior which must be accounted for.py also adds flexibilityy with This additional complexitywhich to better describe human behavior.36EE 1202 Lecture #5 – Effective Interpersonal Communication N. B. Dodge 04/12
Erik Jonsson School of Engineeringgg andComputer ScienceTh UTheUniversityiit off TTexas att TELLAmiable RELATIONSHIP Expressive37EE 1202 Lecture #5 – Effective Interpersonal Communication N. B. Dodge 04/12
Th UTheUniversityiit off TTexas att DDallasllErik Jonsson School of Engineeringgg andComputer ScienceSub-Styles (2) We do not have time in a single lecture to delve intocharacteristics of sub-styles.y If you are interested, there are very complete testinginstruments that can give you amazing insight into bothyour fundamental style and your subsub-style.style All we will say here is that simply knowing the basicstyle of an individual will help you communicate withthem better. This is true in work situations, classroom situations,prelationshipsprelations with friends,, and even spousal(and those with girl/boy friends!).38EE 1202 Lecture #5 – Effective Interpersonal Communication N. B. Dodge 04/12
Th UTheUniversityiit off TTexas att DDallasllErik Jonsson School of Engineeringgg andComputer ScienceThe “Z-Out” The last thing we will discuss is the so-called “Z-out,”or reaction to stress, of the various styles. Some experts refer to this as “backup behavior.” What is referred to is how someone’ssomeone s personality stylechanges when that person is in a very stressfulsituation. ThisT
Erik Jonsson School of Engineering and Th U i it f T t D ll gg Computer Science The University of Texas at Dallas “Interpersonal Communication” Professional communications are very important, true. However, equally important are yourHowever, equally important are your interpersonal communicationinterpersonal communication, that i
1. Define interpersonal communication. 2. Discuss the functional aspects of interpersonal communication. 3. Discuss the cultural aspects of interpersonal communication. In order to understand interpersonal communication, we must understand how interpersonal commun
1. To gain knowledge about interpersonal communication and interpersonal processes: interpersonal communication principles and competencies; the role of culture and the self in interpersonal communication; the importance of listening and social perception processes; features of effective verbal and nonverbal messages; 2.
Interpersonal Psychotherapy for Depression: Trainee Pack March 2011 9 Weissman, M.M., Markowitz, J.C.& Klerman G.L. (2007) Clinician's Quick Guide to Interpersonal Psychotherapy Frank, E & Levenson, JC (2010) Interpersonal Psychotherapy (Theories of Psychotherapy) Law, R (2011) Interpersonal Psychotherapy for Depression.
interpersonal skills List two team building activities List two techniques for building an effective team . Interpersonal Relationships Social affiliations, connections or associations between two or more people Imply the establishment or discovery of common ground and are usually centered on something that people have in common Text . Interpersonal Skills Why Are They Needed? To relate & work .
body of research dedicated to exploring interpersonal communication, communication competence, effective interpersonal communication, and mastery learning. However, there is a considerable gap in the literature focused on the process behind achieving mastery in the realm of interpersonal communication; it is this gap, which this study explored.
Interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) Interpersonal psychotherapy developed from an idea by Harry Stack Sullivan 1, an American psychiatrist who focused on psychoanalytical theories that see man as a ‘product of his interpersonal relations, and cultural and environmental interactions’ 2. This conception was influ-enced by the psychobiological .
Interpersonal Connections Although communication involves multiple people, the role of interpersonal relationships is not well explained in media selection theories. However, several studies have investigated how communication technologies impact interpersonal relationships. Nardi [22] explains that successful interpersonal communication depends on a person’s communicative readiness. Many .
calligraphy which allows writing robots to learn aesthetic preferences with the small size of human calligrapher samples is very meaningful. Many learning-based approaches to robotic calligraphy have attempted to build automatic calligraphic robots. However, these methods cannot generate the correct writing sequences for Chinese strokes. There have been two classes of solutions in literature .
