Sustainable Development Goals 2016-2030
Sustainable Development Goals2016-2030National (Preliminary) ReportGovernment of NepalNational Planning Commission2015
Sustainable Development Goals2016-2030National (Preliminary) ReportGovernment of NepalNational Planning Commission2015
Recommended CitationNational Planning Commission, 2015: Sustainable Development Goals, 2016-2030,National (Preliminary) Report. Government of Nepal, National Planning Commission, Kathmandu, NepalCopyright 2015Government of NepalNational Planning CommissionKathmandu, NepalCover Photo bySusmita Hamal (SNPMC Project)Published byGovernment of NepalNational Planning CommissionSingha Durbar, Kathmandu, NepalTel: 977-1-4211629e-mail: npcs@npcnepal.gov.npWebsite: www.npc.gov.npAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmittedin any form or by any means – electronic, mechanical, photocopying recording or otherwise – withoutprior permission.UNDP-NPC joint implementation project "Strengthening National Planning and Monitoring Capacity"(SNPMC) supported the preparation of this SDG National (Preliminary) ReportPrinted in NepalDesign & ProcessMasterpiece with Imagination Pvt. Ltd., 9851031259
CONTENTSPREFACE. iACRONYMS. iiiEXECUTIVE SUMMARY. viiChapter 1. Introduction.11.1 Current Socioeconomic Situation of the Country.11.2 Long-term Development Vision of the Country.31.3 Objectives of this Report.51.4 Report Preparation Process.51.5 Organization of this Report.6Chapter 2. Overview of MDG Targets and Achievements.72.1 Overview of Goals and Targets.72.2 Achievements of Goals and Targets.72.3 Lessons Learned from Implementing the MDGs.13Chapter 3. Current Status of SDG Targets, Policies and Institutions.153.1 Current Status by Goals and Targets.153.2 Existing Policies and Institutional Environment.26Chapter 4. Issues and Challenges in Implementing the SDGs.314.1 Mainstreaming the SDGs into Periodic Plans and Annual Budgets.314.2 Localization of SDGs at Sub-national Levels.324.3 Up-scaling Implementation.32
4.4 Mobilizing Financial Resources.344.5 Capacity Development at the National and Sub-national Levels.364.6 Post Disaster Recovery and Reconstruction Challenges.364.7 Strengthening Governance and Service Delivery.37Chapter 5. Comments and Recommendations on Major SDGs andTheir Targets from Nepal’s Perspective.395.1 Observations and Comments on Major Goals and Targets.395.2 Recommendations on Major Goals and Targets.46REFERENCES.53Annex I:Members of Thematic Groups.59Annex II:Detailed Achievements of MDG Targets.63Annex IIa: MDG 1: Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger.63Annex IIb: MDG 2: Achieve universal primary education.64Annex IIc: MDG 3: Promote gender equality and empowerment of women.64Annex IId: MDG 4: Reduce child mortality.65Annex IIe: MDG 5: Improve maternal health.65Annex IIf: MDG 6: Combat HIV, AIDS, malaria and other diseases.66Annex IIg: MDG 7: Ensure environmental sustainability.67Annex IIh: MDG 8: Develop a global partnership for development.68Annex III:Overall Progress of MDGs and their Targets (1990–2015).69Annex IV:SDG Targets and Indicators for Nepal (2014–2030).71Annex IVa: SDG 1: End poverty in all its forms everywhere.71Annex IVb: SDG 2: End hunger, achieve food security andimproved nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture.72Annex IVc: SDG 3: Ensure healthy lives and promotewell-being for all at all ages.73Annex IVd: SDG 4: Ensure inclusive and equitable quality educationand promote lifelong learning opportunities for all.76Annex IVe: SDG 5: Achieve gender equality andempower all women and girls.77Annex IVf: SDG 6: Ensure availability and sustainablemanagement of water and sanitation for all.78
Annex IVg: SDG 7: Ensure access to affordable, reliable,sustainable and modern energy for all.79Annex IVh: SDG 8: Promote sustained, inclusive and sustainableeconomic growth, full and productive employment and decent work for all.80Annex IVi: SDG 9: Build resilient infrastructure, promoteinclusive and sustainable industrialization and foster innovation.81Annex IVj: SDG 10: Reduce inequality within and among countries.82Annex IVk: SDG 11: Make cities and human settlementsinclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable.83Annex IVl: SDG 12: Ensure sustainable consumptionand production patterns.84Annex IVm: SDG 13: Take urgent action to combat climatechange and its impacts.85Annex IVn: SDG 14: Conserve and sustainably use the oceans,seas and marine resources for sustainable development.86Annex IVo: SDG 15: Protect, restore and promote sustainable use ofterrestrial ecosystems, sustainably manage forests, combatdesertification, and halt and reverse land degradation andhalt biodiversity loss.87Annex IVp: SDG 16: Promote peaceful and inclusive societies forsustainable development, provide access to justice for all andbuild effective, accountable and inclusive.88Annex IVq: SDG 17: Strengthen the means of implementation andrevitalize the global partnership for sustainable development.89
Government of NepalNational Planning Commission SecretariatP.O.Box 1284Ph. 4211629 / 4211132, Fax: 977-1-4211700URL: www.npc.gov.npe-mail: npcs@npcnepal.gov.npSingha Durbar, Kathmandu, NepalRef No:PREFACESustainable Development has been a global agenda since the last 25 years. The Millennium DevelopmentGoals (MDGs) based on Millennium Declaration in the year 2000 by the United Nations (UN) has setfoundation for Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to be achieved by 2030. The UN Conference onSustainable Development held in Rio de Janeiro in June 2012, and UN General Assembly (UNGA) held inSeptember 2014 prepared solid foundation for SDGs and finally agreed in the UNGA held in September2015. Nepal, as a member of the UN, is a part of this global initiative.Sustainable development continues to be in-built in Nepal's socio-economic development. Nepal's efforts forthe successful implementation of the MDGs have also opened new avenues for the implementation of SDGsplanned for 2016-2030. Even before SDGs were endorsed and adopted by the UNGA in September 2015, theGovernment of Nepal was already in the process of preparing a National Report. This document is the finaloutcome of this preparation process.The Report assesses the national situation by each SDG from national perspectives, examines theirrelevance in the national context and provides inputs for national planning, dialogue, and shows a pathwayfor implementation.Further, this report is expected to guide Nepal in operationalizing the SDGs at all levels national, regional andlocal. It contains goal-wise indicators and their quantitative benchmarks. Nepal is also aspiring to graduatefrom the least developed country (LDC) by 2022; and thus the SDGs indicators set by the Government ofNepal (GoN) will help in achieving these novel goals.The NPC Secretariat would like to extend its appreciation to Dr. Yuba Raj Khatiwada - then Ex-Vice Chairmanand now again Vice Chairman of the National Planning Commission (NPC), for leading the whole process ofpreparing and writing this report. The National Planning Commission Secretariat (NPCS) further recognizesand acknowledges the contributions from the Consultant Dr. Rajendra Kumar BC, who assisted him in thisprocess. The NPCS also acknowledges the contributions from all the staffs and officials of the NPCS, lineministries, development partners, civil society organizations, and private sector who provided constructivefeedback and suggestions on SDG indicators during national dialogue and consultation processes andbrought this report in this shape. This Report was also greatly benefitted from the guidance of the thenNPC's office bearers namely Honorable Vice Chairman Professor Dr. Govind Raj Pokharel, and MembersProfessor Dr. Govind Nepal, Dr. Swarnim Wagle, Dr. Bimala Rai Paudel, Dr. Yagya Bahadur Karki, Dr.Bhartendu Mishra, Dr. Chandra Mani Adhikari and Dr. Prem Prasad Dangal. NPCS also extends due creditto the Joint Secretaries and other members of the Thematic Working Groups who worked in the draftingstage of the report.NPCS expresses its sincere thanks to UNDP Nepal for providing financial support to prepare this SDGsNational Report through its Strengthening National Planning and Monitoring Capacity (SNPMC) Project andalso recognises the editorial support of Mr. Stephen J Keeling. Finally, NPCS takes this opportunity to callupon all the national stakeholders and international development partners to work together for materializingthese development aspirations for the next 15 years.National Planning Commission Secretariat
Sustainable Development Goals, 2016-2030National (Preliminary) ReportAcronymsADBAsian Development BankADSAgriculture Development StrategyAIDSacquired immune deficiency syndromeANCantenatal careAPIannual parasite incidenceARTanti-retroviral therapyCBSCentral Bureau of StatisticsCFLcompact fluorescent lampcfucolony forming unitsCMIclinical malaria incidenceCNGcompressed natural gasCO2carbon dioxideCPRcontraceptive prevalence rateCTEVTCouncil for Technical Education and Vocational TrainingCVDcardiovascular diseasesDACDevelopment Assistant CommitteeDNAdeoxyribonucleic acidDOTSDirectly Observed Treatment Short CourseDWSSDepartment of Water Supply and SewerageECDearly childhood developmentEDPsexternal development partnersEFAEducation For AllGDIGender Development IndexGDPgross domestic productGEMGender Empowerment MeasureGHGgreenhouse gasGLgigalitresGNIgross national incomeGoNGovernment of Nepaliii
ivSustainable Development Goals, 2016-2030National (Preliminary) ReportHahectaresHDIHuman Development IndexHIPCsHeavily Indebted Poor CountriesHIVhuman immunodeficiency virusICTinformation and communication technologyILOInternational Labour OrganizationIMRinfant mortality rateINGOinternational non-government organizationIPoAIstanbul Programme of ActionkWhkilowatt-hourLAPALocal Adaptation Plan for ActionLDCleast developed countryLEDlight-emitting diodeLLDClandlocked least developed countryLPGliquid petroleum gasLPSLegislative Parliament SecretariatM&Emonitoring and evaluationMDGMillennium Development GoalMICSMultiple Indicator Cluster SurveyMMRmaternal mortality ratioMNRPmillion Nepalese RuppesMoEMinistry of EducationMoESMinistry of Education and SportsMoFMinistry of FinanceMoFrMinistry of ForestsMoHPMinistry of Health and PopulationMoPITMinistry of Physical Infrastructure and TransportMPIMultidimensional Poverty IndexMWmegawattNAnot availableNAPANational Adaptation Programme of ActionNCDnon-communicable diseaseNDHSNepal Demographic and Health SurveyNERnet enrolment rateNFHSNepal Family Health SurveyNGOnon-government organizationNHSSNepal Health Sector StrategyNMRneonatal mortality rateNPCNational Planning CommissionNPCSNational Planning Commission SecretariatNPRNepalese rupeeNRBNepal Rastra BankNTANational Telecom Authority
Sustainable Development Goals, 2016-2030National (Preliminary) ReportODAofficial development assistanceODFopen defecation freeODSozone depleting substancesOECDOrganization for Economic Co-operation and DevelopmentOPHIOxford Poverty and Human Development InitiativePDNApost-disaster needs assessmentPMparticulate matterPPEpre-primary educationPPPpurchasing power parityPVphotovoltaicSAARCSouth Asian Association for Regional CooperationSACOSANSouth Asian Conference on SanitationSADGSAARC Development GoalsSBAskilled birth attendantSDstandard deviationSDGsSustainable Development GoalsSE4ALLSafe Energy for AllSIDSSmall Island Developing StatesSMEssmall and medium enterprisesSNPMCStrengthening National Planning and Monitoring CapacitySSRPSchool Sector Reform PlanTBtuberculosisTFRtotal fertility rateToEtonnes of oil equivalentTRIPSTrade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property RightsUGCUniversity Grant CommissionU5MRunder-five mortality rateUNUnited NationsUNDPUnited Nations Development ProgrammeUNESCAPUnited Nations Economic and Social Commissions for Asia and the PacificUNGAUnited Nations General AssemblyUNICEFUnited Nations Children's FundUNSDUnited Nations Statistics DivisionWASHwater, sanitation and hygieneWTOWorld Trade Organizationv
Sustainable Development Goals, 2016-2030National (Preliminary) ReportviiEXECUTIVE SUMMARYSustainable Development Goals For Nepal(2016-2030): National ReportChapter I: Introduction1.1 Nepal is a least developed country (LDC)characterized by slow economic growth, socioeconomic underdevelopment and a low level ofhuman development, It is emerging from a politically and socially fragile post-conflict situation,structurally generated poverty and inequality,and deeply entrenched forms of social exclusion.1.2 The economic growth of the country has averaged 4 percent over the last decade. Absolutepoverty decreased from 42 percent in 1995 to 25percent in 2010 and decreased further to 23.8percent in 2015. However, there are large disparities in the rates of poverty by gender, social groupand geographical area.1.3 Nepal remains one of the few countries tohave accomplished impressive human development gains over the last two decades. But havingstarted from a very low base, Nepal still has a lowhuman development status.1.4 Nepal aspires to emerge as an inclusive, equitable, and prosperous middle-income country by2030 with the spirit of a welfare state. The country aims for sustainable poverty reduction andhuman development with low vulnerability andhigher human security.1.5 The country has set the goal of graduatingfrom LDC status by 2022. Of the three criteria forgraduation — per capita gross national income(GNI), human assets and economic vulnerability— the country is likely to achieve two of them andlag behind in terms of GNI per capita.1.6 Nepal is an active member of the global initiative for sustainable development and has beenclosely observing the negotiations concerning theSustainable Development Goals (SDGs). It looksforward to the further crystallization of the globalgoals and for national adaptation to implementthem for the inclusive long-term development ofthe country.Chapter 2: Overview of MDGTargets and Achievements2.1 Nepal, despite being engulfed in a decadelong armed conflict during the initial years ofMillennium Development Goals (MDG) implementation, has achieved significant progress onmost MDG targets. Some targets have been metin advance and others have been met within the2015 deadline.2.2 The country has made substantial progress onreducing poverty and hunger. Using the nationaldefinition of the poverty line, Nepal has alreadymet the target of halving absolute poverty and ison track to halve the proportion of people whosuffer from hunger.2.3 On education, the net enrolment rate (NER)in primary education reached 96.2 percent in
viiiSustainable Development Goals, 2016-2030National (Preliminary) Report2015, and 86.8 percent of students who start ingrade one now reach grade five. The gender gapin school enrolment has narrowed over the years.And the adult female literacy rate had tripled by2011 from 1990. But the ratios of women to menin tertiary education need to be further reduced.2.4 Substantial progress has been made in childhealth with the MDG targets on infant mortality andunder-five mortality already being met and rates ofmalnutrition substantially decreased. The MDG forreducing maternal mortality is also on track.2.5 The increase of HIV/AIDS prevalence hasbeen halted and reversed, and prevalence anddeath rates associated with tuberculosis (TB)have declined markedly. Malaria remains undercontrol.2.6 The proportion of population with basic water supplies increased from 46 percent in 1990to 83.6 percent in 2014, thus achieving the MDGtarget. The proportion of the population using animproved sanitation facility rose from 6 percentin 1990 to 70.3 percent in 2014.2.7 The progress made on attaining the MDGs isimpressive despite the long political instabilitycoupled with the prolonged peace process, thelong absence of elected representatives at thesub-national and local levels, and the internalarm
UNDP United Nations Development Programme UNESCAP United Nations Economic and Social Commissions for Asia and the Pacific UNGA United Nations General Assembly UNICEF United Nations Children's Fund UNSD United Nations Statistics Division WASH water, sanitation and hygiene WTO World Trade Organization
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