Table Of Contents I
Table of ContentsiDIGESTOFU N I TE D S T A T E S P R A C T I C EINI N TER NA T I O NA L L A W2002
iiD IGESTOFU NITED S TATES P RACTICEINI NTERNATIONAL L AW
Table of ContentsiiiD IGEST OFU NITED S TATES P RACTICEIN I NTERNATIONAL L AW2002Sally J. CumminsDavid P. StewartEditorsOffice of the Legal AdviserUnited States Department of StateINTERNATIONAL LAW INSTITUTE
ivD IGESTU NITEDS TATESP RACTICEIN I NTERNATIONALL AWThe Digestof OFUnitedStatesPracticein InternationalLaw is published by the International Law Institute under agreement withthe United States Department of State, Office of the Legal Adviser.The contents of the Digest, including selection of documents andpreparation of editorial commentary, are entirely under the auspices of the Office of the Legal Adviser.INTERNATIONAL LAW INSTITUTEFor nearly fifty years the International Law Institute has addressedissues of interest to the international legal community throughresearch, publishing, training, and technical assistance. For information on the activities of the Institute:Publishing OfficeInternational Law InstituteThe Foundry Building1055 Thomas Jefferson St., NWWashington, DC 20007202-247-6006202-247-6010 (fax)e-mail: pub@ili.orgInternet: www.ili.orgCommentary prepared by the editors and the format and organization of this book are protected under copyright by theInternational Law Institute, 2003. All rights reserved. No partsof the book may be reproduced, stored, or transmitted in anyform or by any means, including mechanical, electronic, or photocopying without prior written permission from the InternationalLaw Institute.ISBN 0-935328-95-5
Table of ContentsvTable of ContentsPREFACExxiINTRODUCTIONxxiiiNOTE FROM THE EDITORSxxvChapter 1NATIONALITY, CITIZENSHIP AND IMMIGRATIONA. NATIONALITY AND CITIZENSHIP1. Effect of Dual Nationality on U.S. Security Clearance2. Revocation of U.S. Citizenship3. Child Citizenship Act4. Citizenship Claim under former Section 320 INA5. In Vitro ConceptionB. PASSPORTS1. Two-Parent Consent Requirement for Passport Issuancea. Special court orderb. Exception where mother reclaiming childrenabducted by father2. Denial of Passport for Non-Payment of Child Support3. New Passport for Escaped U.S. Prisoner4. Denial or Limitation of PassportsC. IMMIGRATION AND VISAS1. Applicability of 1949 Convention on Road Traffic2. Compliance with U.S.-Cuba Migration Accords:Report to Congress3. Suspension of Entry: ZimbabweD. ASYLUM AND REFUGEE STATUS ANDRELATED ISSUES1. Vietnamese Montagnard Refugees in Cambodia2. Haitian Refugees3. U.S.-Canada Agreement Covering Third-CountryAsylum Claims at the Border4. North Korean Refugeesv1115891011111112131617181820222424253135
viD IGESTOFU NITED S TATES P RACTICEINI NTERNATIONAL L AWChapter 2CONSULAR AND JUDICIAL ASSISTANCE ANDRELATED ISSUESA. CONSULAR NOTIFICATION, ACCESS ANDASSISTANCE1. Consular Notification and U.S. Criminal Prosecutiona. In U.S. courts: Javier Suarez Medinab. Gerardo Valdez2. Inter-American Commission on Human Rights:Case of Ramon Martinez VillarealB. CHILDREN1. International Child Abductiona. Visa ineligibility for international child abductionb. Definition of “custody” under Hague Conventionon the Civil Aspects of International ChildAbductionc. International Parental Kidnapping Crime Act(1) Constitutional challenge under CommerceClause(2) Constitutional challenge under the FifthAmendment2. Consular Assistance for ChildrenChapter 3INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL LAWA. EXTRADITION AND OTHER RENDITIONS, ANDMUTUAL LEGAL ASSISTANCE1. New Bilateral Extradition, Mutual Legal Assistance,and Stolen Vehicle Treaties2. Other Rendition3. Other Mutual Legal Assistance Issuesa. U.S.-Russiab. American Institute in Taiwan-Taipei Economic andCultural Representative Office in the United Statesc. U.S.-EuropolB. INTERNATIONAL CRIMES1. Terrorisma. Foreign Terrorist Organizations(1) Legal criteria for designations(2) Litigation by designated FTOs(3) Constitutionality of application in 97980858585859193
Table of Contentsb. Asset freezing under IEEPA and ExecutiveOrder 13224(1) Applicability to entity chartered withinthe United States(2) Constitutionalityc. Delisting designated entitiesd. Terrorist exclusion liste. Review of the Convention for the Suppression ofUnlawful Acts Against the Safety of MaritimeNavigation, 1988, and its Protocolf. Verdict in Libya terrorist case: Pan AM 103g. Inter-American Convention against Terrorismh. United States of America-ASEAN Joint Declarationfor Cooperation To Combat InternationalTerrorismi. APEC leaders’ statementj. “Smart border” initiatives with Mexico and Canadak. G8 Recommendations on Counter-Terrorism2. Narcotraffickinga. Modifications to U.S. narcotics certification process(1) Temporary modification for 2002(2) Permanent legislative changeb. International Narcotics Control Strategy Reportc. Money laundering3. Jurisdiction in U.S. Courtsa. Crime occurring in Mexican territorial watersb. Crime occurring on high seas(1) Violence against maritime navigation(2) Maritime Drug Law Enforcement ActC. INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL TRIBUNALS1. Ad Hoc Tribunals and Related Issuesa. International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda(1) Reward for information leading to theapprehension of Felicien Kabuga(2) Rewards concerning persons associated withthe Congo regionb. International Criminal Tribunal for Yugoslavia(1) Anticipated conclusion of ICTY work(2) Cooperation by Federal Republic ofYugoslaviac. Sierra Leoned. Extraordinary chambers in 5147148
viiiD IGESTOFU NITED S TATES P RACTICEINI NTERNATIONAL L AW2. International Criminal Courta. U.S. decision not to become party to Statue of Rome(1) Notification of decision to UN(2) Explanation of decisionb. UN Security Council Resolution 1422(1) U.S. efforts to obtain protection(2) Adoption of UN Security Council Resolution1422c. Bilateral agreements under Article 98 of theRome Treatyd. Congressional action(1) American Servicemembers’ Protection Act(2) Understandings to treatiesChapter 4TREATY AFFAIRSA. CAPACITY TO MAKEB. CONCLUSION, ENTRY INTO FORCE, RESERVATIONS,APPLICATION, AND TERMINATION1. Choice of Form: International Arms Control Agreements2. Ratification of Protocols Where United States Not Partyto Underlying Convention3. Provisional Application through Memorandum ofUnderstanding4. Application to States of the United States5. Terminationa. Litigation concerning role of U.S. Congressb. Treaties terminated by the President6. Reservation Practice: Iceland WhalingC. ROLE IN LITIGATIONNo Private Right of Actiona. Agreements between Mexico and the United Statesb. U.S.-Iran Treaty of Amity, Economic Relationsand Consular RightsCHAPTER 5FEDERAL FOREIGN AFFAIRS AUTHORITYA. FOREIGN RELATIONS LAW OF THEUNITED STATES1. Agreement with Russia Concerning Documentationof U.S.-Soviet Relations2. Alienage Diversity 27
Table of Contents3. Availability of Intelligence and Foreign RelationsInformation4. Reciprocal Access to National Courts5. Foreign Policy Issues in U.S. Legislation6. American Institute in TaiwanB. CONSTITUENT ENTITIESNorthern Mariana Islands: Control of“Submerged Lands”Chapter 6HUMAN RIGHTSA. GENERAL1. Country Reports on Human Rights Practices2. Inter-American Commission on Human Rights:Authority to Adopt Precautionary Measures3. Argentina Declassification ProjectB. DISCRIMINATION1. Racea. Resolutions in Resumed 56th Session of UNGeneral Assembly Third Committeeb. Resolutions in 57th Session of UN General Assembly2. Gendera. Women, peace, and securityb. Convention on the Elimination of All Forms ofDiscrimination Against Women(1) U.S. domestic procedures(2) UN resolutions3. Religion4. Persons with DisabilitiesC. CHILDREN1. U.S. Participation in Treaties Protecting Children2. U.S. Ratification of Protocols to Convention onRights of the Childa. Children in Armed ConflictSenate advice and consentb. Sale of children, child prostitution, and childpornographySenate advice and consent3. Special Session of the UN General Assemblyon Children4. Rights of the Child5. The Girl 304
xD IGESTOFU NITED S TATES P RACTICEINI NTERNATIONAL L AWD. ECONOMIC, SOCIAL AND CULTURAL ISSUES1. Developmenta. Right to developmentb. Development initiatives(1) Millennium Challenge Account(2) G-8 Action Plan for Africa(3) U.S.-Middle East Partnership Initiative2. Abortion and Involuntary Sterilization3. Right to Fooda. World Food Summit: five years laterb. UN General Assembly Resolution 57/2264. Intangible Cultural PropertyE. TORTUREF. DETENTIONSG. JUDICIAL PROCEDURE, PENALTIES ANDRELATED ISSUES1. Capital Punishment2. References to International Criminal Court in HumanRights Resolutionsa. UN General Assembly Resolutions(1) Extrajudicial, summary, or arbitraryexecutions(2) Enforced or involuntary disappearances(3) Otherb. Resolutions in Organization of American StatesGeneral Assembly3. Alien Tort Statute and Torture Victims ProtectionActa. Scope(1) Tachiona v. Mugabe(2) Sarei v. Rio Tinto PLC(3) Doe v. Unocal(4) Flores v. Southern Peru Copper Corp.(5) Abdullahi v. Pfizer, Inc.(6) Other Casesb. Liability for indirect participation in human rightsabusesc. Forum non conveniensd. Effect on U.S. foreign policy interestsH. INDIGENOUS PEOPLE1. UN Economic and Social Council2. Organization of American 55357363363364
Table of ContentsI.J.3. Inter-American Commission on Human Rights:Petition of Mary and Carrie DannRULE OF LAW AND DEMOCRACY PROMOTION1. Community of Democracies2. Hong Kong: Article 23 of the Basic Law3. Democracy in VenezuelaTERRORISMChapter 7INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS ANDMULTILATERAL INSTITUTIONSA. GENERALEnforcement of Obligations Under the ParisConvention for the Protection of Industrial PropertyB. UNITED NATIONS1. Report of the Special Committee on the Charter ofthe United Nations and on Strengthening of theRole of the Organization2. Report of the International Law Commission3. Reform and Payment of U.S. arrearsa. Modernizing UN managementb. U.S. legislation governing payment of arrearsC. UNITED NATIONS ORGANIZATIONS1. United States Rejoins UNESCO2. Observer Status at the World Health Organization:TaiwanChapter 8INTERNATIONAL CLAIMS AND STATERESPONSIBILITYA. GOVERNMENT-TO-GOVERNMENT CLAIMSClaims Against Iraq: United Nations CompensationCommissionB. CLAIMS OF INDIVIDUALS1. Terrorist Victim Compensationa. Proposed compensation fund for victims ofterrorist attacksb. Use of blocked assets for terrorist victimscompensation2. Claims by Vietnamese Employees3. Claims by Victims of the Nazi Era and Victims’ Heirs:Insurance 398403403405407407407408408408410413415
xiiD IGESTOFU NITED S TATES P RACTICEINI NTERNATIONAL L AWa.Constitutionality of California Holocaust VictimsInsurance Relief Actb. Agreement concerning Holocaust era insuranceclaims4. Claims by Persons Held as Prisoners of War byJapana. California state law(1) American soldiers as prisoners of war:Mitsubishi Materials Corp. v. SuperiorCourt(2) Korean claimant: Taiheiyo CementCorporationb. Legislation to create federal cause of actionc. Applicability of statute of limitations in suitagainst the United States for Fifth Amendmenttaking5. Other Claims Against the United States:Kenyan Claims from Embassy Bombing415430434434435440456460461Chapter 9DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS, SUCCESSION ANDCONTINUITY OF STATESA. AFGHANISTANB. EAST TIMOR463463463Chapter 10IMMUNITIES AND RELATED ISSUESA. SOVEREIGN IMMUNITY1. Scope of Applicationa. Definition of foreign stateb. European Police Office2. Suits Against Government Officialsa. Doe v. Liu Qi; Plaintiff A v. Xia Derenb. Kato v. Ishiharac. Park v. Shin3. Agencies and Instrumentalities: Tiering and Timinga. In re Ski Train Fireb. Dole Food Company v. Patrickson4. No Jus Cogens Exception to FSIAa. Boshnjaku v. Federal Republic of Yugoslaviab. Garb v. Republic of 2
Table of ContentsB.C.D.E.F.5. Retroactive Application of the FSIAa. Hwang Gum Joo v. Japanb. In re Republic of Austria, Dorotheum GMBH& CO KG, and Osterreischische Industrieholding,AGc. Cruz v. U.S.d. Garb v. Republic of Poland6. Exceptions to Immunitya. Waiverb. Commercial activityc. Tortd. Acts of terrorism(1) Roeder v. Islamic Republic of Iran(2) Weinstein v. Islamic Republic of Iran(3) Stethem v. Islamic Republic of Iran(4) Ungar v. Islamic Republic of Iran(5) Cronin v. Islamic Republic of Iran(6) Price v. Socialist People’s Libyan Jamahiriya7. Effect of Tax Treaty under FSIA8. Collection of Judgmentsa. Jung Tang v. Chinese Cultural Centerb. Flatow v. Islamic Republic of IranHEAD OF STATE IMMUNITY1. Wei Ye v. Jiang Zemin2. Rhanime v. SolomonDIPLOMATIC AND CONSULAR PRIVILEGESAND IMMUNITIES1. Ahmed v. Hoque2. Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations:Saudi Arabian Embassy DocumentsINTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS1. Immunity from Suit of United Nations2. U.S. International Organizations and Immunities ActTHE ACT OF STATE DOCTRINEOTHER ISSUES OF STATE REPRESENTATION1. Location of Diplomatic and Consular Buildings2. Real Property Taxesa. Libyan mission tax lienb. New York State transfer tax: Egyptian Mission3. Service of Process on Visiting Foreign Officialsa. Feng Suo Zhou v. Li Pengb. Wei Ye v. Jiang 76576576576579581581585
xivD IGESTOFU NITED S TATES P RACTICEINI NTERNATIONAL L AWChapter 11TRADE, COMMERCIAL RELATIONS, INVESTMENT,AND TRANSPORTATIONA. TRANSPORTATION BY AIR1. Bilateral Open Skies Agreementsa. New bilateral Open Skies agreementsb. European Court of Justice ruling2. 1955 Hague ProtocolB. INTERNATIONAL CONVEYANCESPresidential PermitsC. NORTH AMERICAN FREE TRADE AGREEMENT1. Claims under Chapter 11 against the United Statesa. Award in Mondev International Ltd. v.United States(1) Relevance of pre-Nafta events(2) Interpretation of NAFTA Article 1105(1)b. Partial award in Methanex Corporation v.United Statesc. The Loewen Group, Inc. and Raymond L. Loewenv. United States of Americad. ADF Group Inc. v. United States(1) Rejoinder on Competence and Liability,March 29, 2002(2) Post-Hearing Submission of June 27, 2002(3) Post-Hearing Submission of August 1,20022. Claim under Chapter 11 against Canada3. State-to-State Arbitration under Chapter 20: Operationin the United States of Motor Carriers Owned orControlled by Persons of Mexicoa. Presidential determination modifying moratoriumb. Litigation in U.S. courtsD. WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION1. WTO Cases Involving the United Statesa. U.S. anti-subsidy law involving steelb. Challenge to U.S. trademark provisionc. Foreign Sales Corporation Dispute(1) Final Report of WTO Dispute SettlementBody(2) Decision of the arbitrator on amount ofsanctionsd. Establishment of panels related to safeguardmeasures on imports of certain steel 3
Table of Contents(1) U.S. definitive safeguard measures on importsof certain steel products(2) EC steel restrictions2. U.S. Proposals in World Trade OrganizationNegotiationsa. Request for public commentb. Proposals submitted to WTO(1) Zero tariffs on all consumer and industrialproducts(2) Agriculture(3) Export Credits(4) Transparency in WTO Dispute SettlementProceedings(5) U.S. moratorium on dispute settlementregarding medicines for HIV/AIDS and otherhealth crises in absence of WTO consensusE. OTHER TRADE AGREEMENTS AND RELATED ISSUES1. Trade Promotion Authoritya. Legislation enactedb. Agreements to be negotiatedc. Agreements to be concludedd. Negotiation in progress: Free Trade Area ofthe Americas2. U.S.-Cambodia Textile AgreementF. OTHER ISSUES1. Export-Import Bank Reauthorization Act of 20022. OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises3. Rough Diamonds: Kimberley Process CertificationSchemeChapter 12TERRITORIAL REGIMES AND RELATED ISSUESA. LAW OF THE SEA AND RELATED ISSUES1. United Nations Convention on Law of the Sea2. Outer Limits of Extended Continental Shelf3. Rights and Freedoms of International Communityin Navigation4. Litigation Concerning Submerged lands off the Coastof Alaskaa. Historical watersb. Juridical bays5. Prohibition on Alien Crewmen Performing 47756
xviD IGESTOFU NITED S TATES P RACTICEINI NTERNATIONAL L AWB. OTHER BORDER ISSUES: U.S.-MEXICO AGREEMENTON DELIVERY OF RIO GRANDE WATER TOUNITED STATESC. OUTER SPACEChapter 13ENVIRONMENT AND OTHER TRANSNATIONALSCIENTIFIC ISSUESA. ENVIRONMENT1. World Summit on Sustainable Developmenta. U.S. goals for summitb. U.S. interpretation of summit declaration2. Pollution and Related Issuesa. Stockholm Convention on Persistent OrganicPollutants(1) Transmittal to Senate for advice and consentto ratification(2) Implementing legislationb. Stratospheric ozone depletionc. Climate change(1) Clear skies and global climate change initiatives(2) UN Framework Convention on Climate Changed. Disposal of hazardous wastes3. Protection of the Marine Environment andMarine Conservationa. Oceansb. Particularly Sensitive Sea Areasc. South Pacific Regional Environment ProgrammeAgreementd. Marine wildlife(1) Protocol to Amend 1949 Convention onEstablishment of an Inter-American TropicalTuna Commission(2) 1990 Protocol Concerning Specially ProtectedAreas and Wildlife(3) Dolphin-safe tuna(4) Cooperation in fisheries and aquaculture4. Other Conservation Issuesa. Antarctica: Environmental Protocol Annex Vb. U.S.-Russia Agreement on the Conservation andManagement of the Alaska-Chukotka Polar 777777781783785785788790792792792794796798798800
Table of ContentsxviiB. MEDICAL AND HEALTH ISSUES1. HIV/AIDS: Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosisand Malaria2. CloningC. OTHER TRANSNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC ISSUESPlant Genetic Resources805Chapter 14EDUCATIONAL AND CULTURAL ISSUESINTERNATIONAL CULTURAL PROPERTYPROTECTIONCyprusChapter 15PRIVATE INTERNATIONAL LAWA. COMMERCIAL LAW1. Overview2. Secured Transactions: Harmonization andModernization3. UNCITRAL Transport Convention4. Inter-American Specialized Conference on PrivateInternational Law5. Electronic Commerce6. Enforcement of Foreign Tax Claims in U. S. CourtsB. FAMILY LAWInternational Recovery of Child Support and OtherForms of Family Maintenancea. Reciprocating countries for enforcement of familysupport obligationsb. Hague Conference negotiation of new childsupport conventionC. INTERNATIONAL CIVIL LITIGATION IN THEUNITED STATES1. Concurrent Proceedings in Foreign Courtsa. International comity-based abstentionsb. Anti-suit injunctions(1) Restrictive approach(2) Liberal approach2. Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign ArbitralAwards3. Evidence: Discovery for Use in a Foreign Tribunal4. Service of Process 7841841841842859859859864865871873875877
xviiiD IGESTOFU NITED S TATES P RACTICEINI NTERNATIONAL L AWChapter 16SANCTIONSMODIFICATION OR LIFTING OF SANCTIONS1. Terrorism-Related Measuresa. Taliban-controlled territory(1) Modification of Executive Order 13129(2) Termination of emergency(3) International Traffic in Arms Regulationsb. Continued Sanctions: UN SecurityCouncil Resolution 1390c. Guidelines for the 1267 Committeed. Exceptions for basic expenses and otherextraordinary expenses: UN Security CouncilResolution 1452e. International cooperation in disruption of terroristfinancing2. Iraq Oil-for-Food Programa. UN Security Council Resolution 1409b. Revisions in UN Security Council Resolution14543. Unblocking of Assets of the Fed
(1) Violence against maritime navigation 133 (2) Maritime Drug Law Enforcement Act 134 C. INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL TRIBUNALS 137 1. Ad Hoc Tribunals and Related Issues 137 a. International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda 137 (1) Reward for information leading to the apprehension of Felicien Kabuga 137 (2) Rewards concerning persons associated with
Texts of Wow Rosh Hashana II 5780 - Congregation Shearith Israel, Atlanta Georgia Wow ׳ג ׳א:׳א תישארב (א) ׃ץרֶָֽאָּהָּ תאֵֵ֥וְּ םִימִַׁ֖שַָּה תאֵֵ֥ םיקִִ֑לֹאֱ ארָָּ֣ Îָּ תישִִׁ֖ארֵ Îְּ(ב) חַורְָּ֣ו ם
Creating a table of contents The Insert Index/Table window (Figure 1) has five tabs. All of them can be used when creating a table of contents: Use the Index/Table tab to set the attributes of the table of contents. Use the Entries and Styles tabs to format the entries in the table of contents. Use the Background tab to add color or a graphic to the background of the table of
Creating a table of contents The Insert/Index Table window has five tabs. Four of them are used when creating a table of contents: Use the Index/Table tab to set the table's attributes. Use the Entries and Styles tabs to format the table entries. Use the Background tab to add color or a graphic to the table background. The next four sections of this chapter tell you how to use each . /p div class "b_factrow b_twofr" div class "b_vlist2col" ul li div strong File Size: /strong 554KB /div /li /ul ul li div strong Page Count: /strong 15 /div /li /ul /div /div /div
Word. Modifying the appearance To change how the table of contents looks – font type, size, indentation etc. – click in the table and on Table of Contents on the References tab, then choose Custom Table of Contents again. In the Table of Contents dialog box, click the Modify button to
The TABLE OF CONTENTS will have shifted. If you need to re-insert the TABLE OF CONTENTS, this margin fix will not stay in place. You will have to follow the temporary fix again OR make a permanent fix to the TABLE OF CONTENTS. Permanent fix: Place your cursor at the first entry in the TABLE OF CONTENTS.
table of contents reviewed early. It is proposed that, in the digital environment, " the table of contents needs to be generated automatically to reflect the dynamic feature of "digital books" and online collections. the table of contents needs to provide an overview to contents of the documents it covers; the overview
Standard Cover Letter of Transmittal Table 1. Identification Table 2. Bidding Process Table 3. Bid Submission and Opening Table 4. Bid Prices (as Read Out) Table 5. Preliminary Examination Table 6. Corrections and Unconditional Discounts Table 7. Exchange Rates Table 8. Currency Conversion (Multiple Currencies) Table 9.
219 Defender Arcade Future Table 220 De-Icer (Williams 1949) VP 9 Table 221 Demolition Man (Williams 1994) VP 9 Table 222 Devil King (Technoplay 1987) VP 9 Table 223 Devil Riders - PM5 (Zaccaria 1984) PM5 Table 224 Devil's Dare (Gottlieb 1982) VP 9 Table 225 Diablo VPX Table 226 Diamond La
