Japanese 2
Japanese 2Reading Booklet&Culture Notes
Japanese 2Travelers should always check withtheir nation's State Department forcurrent advisories on local conditionsbefore traveling abroad.Second EditionBooklet Design: Maia Kennedy and ‰ Recorded Program 2004 Simon & Schuster, Inc. Reading Booklet 2016 Simon & Schuster, Inc.Pimsleur is an imprint of Simon & Schuster Audio,a division of Simon & Schuster, Inc. Mfg. in USA.All rights reserved.ii
Japanese 2ACKNOWLEDGMENTSVoicesEnglish-Speaking Instructor. Ray BrownJapanese-Speaking Instructor. Tsunenori “Lee” AbeFemale Japanese Speaker. Kimiko Ise AbramoffMale Japanese Speaker. Tsunenori “Lee” AbeCourse WritersKimiko Ise Abramoff Beverly D. HeinleKatakana Readings WritersKimiko Ise Abramoff Shannon RossiNotes AuthorDr. Akira MiyaharaEditorMary E. GreenReviewerMiho HirohashiProducer & DirectorSarah H. McInnisRecording EngineersPeter S. Turpin Kelly SauxSimon & Schuster Studios, Concord, MAiii
Japanese 2Table of ContentsIntroduction. 1Lesson One . 7Lesson Two . 8Lesson Three . 9Lesson Four . 10Lesson Five . 11Lesson Six . 12Lesson Seven . 13Lesson Eight . 14Lesson Nine . 15Lesson Ten . 16Lesson Eleven . 17Lesson Twelve . 18Lesson Thirteen . 19Lesson Fourteen . 20Lesson Fifteen . 21Lesson Sixteen . 22Lesson Seventeen . 23Lesson Eighteen . 24Lesson Nineteen . 25Lesson Twenty . 26iv
Japanese 2IntroductionThe Japanese language has three distinctivewriting systems: kanji, hiragana, and katakana.KanjiIn early Japan, Japanese was a spoken languageonly and there was no writing system. China,however, had already developed a sophisticatedwriting system based on symbols called hanzi.As early as the first century, Japanese people hadsome exposure to these Chinese symbols on coins,official seals, and other decorative items importedfrom China. Like many other Asian countries,Japan adopted the Chinese writing system andby the 5th century, Chinese characters began tobe used earnestly in Japan. The Japanese calledthis writing system kanji, which literally means“Chinese characters.”This new writing system created a new literacyfor the Japanese. When the Japanese adopted theChinese writing system, they used the characters torepresent both meaning as well as sound. As a result,in Japan there are two ways to “read” or pronouncea single Chinese character:· on yomi, based on the original Chinesepronunciation,· kun yomi, native Japanese pronunciation.
Japanese 2Many kanji have multiple pronunciations in bothon yomi and kun yomi.How many kanji are there? That depends onvarious sources. One of the most 00characters, but only an estimated 7,000 are said tobe in daily use. Today in Japan, a kanji dictionarycontains approximately 50,000 characters of which2,100 to 2,200 characters are commonly used.HiraganaSome Japanese sounds and meanings weredifficult to represent using kanji. To fill this gap,kana symbols were invented, based on the soundand the shape of the kanji. One such phoneticsystem is hiragana, which was invented betweenthe eighth and the tenth centuries. Unlike kanji,hiragana represent a sound and not meaning.Hiragana is derived from a cursive form of kanji andthe letters are curvilinear in style. They are used toexpress Japanese grammatical elements such asparticles and the endings of adjectives and verbs.There are forty-six basic hiragana syllables. Thereare also twenty-five additional modified syllables,thirty-six modified /contracted syllables, and onethat is used to transcribe double consonants.2
Japanese 2KatakanaKatakana came into existence at aboutthe same time as hiragana. The shapes of thekatakana letters were also formed based on thekanji, but katakana have straighter lines, whilehiragana are curvier.Today katakana is used mainly to write loanwords which the original Japanese language didnot have. An example is the word for “coffee,” sincecoffee didn’t exist in Japan until it was importedfrom abroad. Katakana is also used for representingonomatopeia, the names of plants and animals (withsome exceptions), and for placing emphasis oncertain words.There are the same number of syllables in bothkatakana and hiragana.3
Japanese 2Reading KanaHiragana and katakana are phoneticallyconsistent, and reading them is relatively straightforward once the letters and their sounds are learned.When writing Japanese today, the three writingsystems are combined — kanji, hiragana, andkatakana can all appear within a single sentence.Here’s an example:デパート に 行きます。(I) go to a department store. (depaato ni ikimasu.)デパートdepartment store (katakana)にpost-positional word to show direction (hiragana)行the root of the verb “go” (kanji)きますending of the verb “go” (hiragana)4
Japanese 2In Level 1, you were introduced to readinghiragana. In this course, you will learn how to readkatakana. For practice, all the words and sentencesin the Reading Lessons are written in katakana.Spaces have been added in the longer phrases forease in reading.Katakana �モヨロ
Japanese 2Katakana Combinations – youonwi / uiキャgya ギャウィkyaウイkyu キュgyu ギュshuシュキョgyo ギョshoショwi / ��ャpyuピュpyoピョmya ミャmyuミュmyo ��ォヴォvatue/fiviフィ fu/hu フッヴィ vuヴfeveフェヴェvoトゥエtweーッ・ tle tsudottwo dashessmall circle6
Japanese 2Lesson .20.スミスミスニミニキスキーミス / �スタミスターミスター・スミス7
Japanese 2Lesson .20.ク/ タテ/ ニラ/ スキ/ ��ム/マミニマムクリスマス8
Japanese 2Lesson ースソックスアン9
Japanese 2Lesson 9.20.ソ/ ンツ/ シコオオンタリオキッチンローン10
Japanese 2Lesson トヤ/ �ラダ11
Japanese 2Lesson フリーダム12
Japanese 2Lesson �ニカピンポンリモコン13
Japanese 2Lesson ��ニカラグア14
Japanese 2Lesson 9.20.ク/ �ブブーツブダペストフ/ プ / ブパパンパンダパプリカ15
Japanese 2Lesson �ケ/ �ンズズッキーニキ/ ヤキャカ / キャキャンプ16
Japanese 2Lesson ��17
Japanese 2Lesson .19.20.キュ / ギュシャ/ �ーヨーク18
Japanese 2Lesson 18.19.20.チャ / チュ / チョジャ / ジュ / ジョニョシャカニョライニャ / ニュ / ピューリタンヒョヒョウタン19
Japanese 2Lesson 18.19.20.ヒャ / ヒュ / ヒョヒャ / ビャ / クリョリョービミャ / ミュ / ミョピャ / ピュ / ピョ20
Japanese 2Lesson �ォリュームサーヴサーブ21
Japanese 2Lesson 8.19.20.ファ / フィ / フェ / フォヴァ/ ヴィ / ヴ / ヴェ / ヴォフィンランド / ヴィクトリアフォーク / �ウエイ / ヴェンダーベンダー / ヴェンダービクトリア/ チェルソフィーアリソン22
Japanese 2Lesson �ヴィル23
Japanese 2Lesson ード・オブ・ザ・リング24
Japanese 2Lesson ��アウシュヴィッツオール ザ ライト ウィ キャン ノット ンソンエンパイア ��ウト25
Japanese 2Lesson ��レーライス26
Japanese 2Culture Notes
Japanese 2Travelers should always check withtheir nation's State Department forcurrent advisories on local conditionsbefore traveling abroad.Booklet Design: Maia KennedySecond Edition and ‰ Recorded Program 2004 Simon & Schuster, Inc. Culture Notes 2010 Simon & Schuster, Inc.Pimsleur is an imprint of Simon & Schuster Audio,a division of Simon & Schuster, Inc. Mfg. in USA.All rights reserved.ii
Japanese 2ACKNOWLEDGMENTSVoicesEnglish-Speaking Instructor. Ray BrownMale Japanese Speaker. Tsunenori “Lee” AbeCourse WritersKimiko Ise Abramoff Beverly D. HeinleEditorMary E. GreenNotes on Japanese Culture & CommunicationDr. Akira MiyaharaProfessor of Communication StudiesSeinan Gakuin UniversityReviewerMiho HirohashiProducer & DirectorSarah H. McInnisRecording EngineerPeter S. Turpin Kelly SauxSimon & Schuster Studios, Concord, MAiii
Japanese 2Table of ContentsNotes on Japanese Culture and Communication . . 1Dialects in Japan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2Introductions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3honne and tatemae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4ocha wa doo desu ka? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5uchi vs. soto . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6Bus Transportation in Japan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7nanika nomitai n desu ga. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7Days of the Week . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8Incomplete Sentences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9Politeness: imasu ka? vs. irasshaimasu ka? . . . . . . 10Traveling in and Around Japan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11ii desu ne . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12tsumetai and samui. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12Newspapers in Japan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13Climate in Japan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14musume and musuko . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15gochisoosama deshita . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15kuruma and Driving in Japan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16Emergency Calls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17Drugstores and Convenience Stores . . . . . . . . . . . . 17Trains in Japan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18Playing Sports in Japan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19zuibun isogashii n desu ne . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20iv
Japanese 2National Holidays in Japan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .kedo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Japanese Sweets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Geography of Japan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .jaa, mata itsuka . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .osokunatte sumimasen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Gift Giving . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .shitsurei shimasu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Continuing Success . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .v212223242525262727
Japanese 2Notes on Japanese Culture and CommunicationThese are the Culture Notes for Pimsleur’sJapanese 2. The objective of Japanese 2 is tointroduce you to the language and culture of Japanprimarily through your ears, and only secondarilythrough your eyes.This approach is based upon the fact that morethan 95 percent of our lives is spent in listeningand talking, and less than 5 percent in reading andwriting. The most effective and productive way tobegin acquiring these necessary communicationskills is by actually working with the “language inuse,” as demonstrated by native speakers of thelanguage being learned.Efficiency is greatly increased when what youlearn first are the most-frequently-used structuresand daily life vocabulary, so that you practice with thepractical tools you require every day. This carefullyselected “core-language” allows the tutor on theaudio to keep you focused entirely on essentiallanguage. This is self-motivating because you willbegin to use it immediately and successfully.As you learn the language, you are absorbingthe culture. Language and culture are so closelyintertwined that learning them separately can makeyou literally “culturally-deprived,” that is, unable toproduce appropriate and meaningful language. For
Japanese 2this reason you must carefully notice the differentways the Japanese “act” in the various situations youwill experience. Being sensitive to “who is doingwhat to whom, and why,” is what you have learnedto do almost unconsciously in your native tongue— you will attain this same sense of “awareness”as you gain proficiency in your new language. Thisimplicit instruction will come from the lessons, asyou learn to identify the intonation and melody ofthe speakers. This Audio will provide additionalexplicit instruction to further confirm what youhave learned.Acquiring the culture, “the map of the territory,”is like acquiring the terminology of a subject:it enables you to operate as a fellow member inthat society. Your success in working with nativespeakers of Japanese will depend upon howsensitive you become to the accumulated heritagethat is Japanese.Dialects in JapanAs is the case with any language, Japanese hasmany dialects. The main dialects are Hokkaido,Tohoku, Kanto, Kansai, and Kyushu. Though theyare classified as dialects, they are more like variousaccents. Fortunately, standard Japanese is understood across the country.2
Japanese 2IntroductionsWhen introduced to someone, a proper way toidentify yourself would be to say, for example, jamesonto mooshimasu. This means “I am called Jameson.”It translates as, “I say myself Jameson,” expressed ina humble fashion. This expression is appropriatelymodest and shows your sensitivity toward whateverdifference in social status there may be between youand the person you’re speaking with. The Japaneseare very concerned with hierarchical relationships,and mooshimasu is a safe way to identify yourselfwhen meeting someone whose position you don’tknow. You identify yourself humbly, elevating thestatus of the other person.In social situations Americans almost alwaysautomatically introduce strangers to one another.However, many Japanese are not accustomed todoing so, and you may sometimes need to takethe initiative and introduce yourself. Do not feeloffended if you are not introduced, since yourJapanese host is probably unaware of the Westerncustom of introduction.The Japanese, on the other hand, will customarilyexchange business cards when they meet someonefor the first time. When you receive a card, it’sconsidered polite to study the card long enough tounderstand and appreciate all the information onit, such as the person’s name, title, and company3
Japanese 2she or he is working for. You can use some of thisinformation as initial topics in your conversation. Ifyou intend to conduct business in Japan, it will bevery important to always carry your own businesscards with you.honne and tatemaeThe Japanese are known to be sensitive to others’ feelings, as well as concerned about maintaining their own face in their interpersonal interactions.They utilize a wide variety of communication tacticsin order to carefully preserve their relationships withothers. One of the most-commonly-used strategies,though difficult for foreign speakers to distinguish,is the deliberate distinction made between tatemae,or “overt opinions,” and honne, “true feelings.”Japanese people’s reluctance to reject an offer by simply saying “No,” or their complimenting someone’spositive attributes without touching on the more apparent negative side, are examples of tatemae.It is sometimes difficult even for native Japaneseto judge whether the speaker is disclosing his orher honne, when he or she says to you, nihongo gajozu desu ne, “Your Japanese is very skilled.” Thespeaker may be trying not to hurt your feelings byoffering you the compliment. Depending upon thesituation and the relationship with the speaker, youwill need to choose whether to say arigato, or demomada jozu ja arimasen, “But I’m not skilled yet.”4
Japanese 2ocha wa doo desu ka? (“How about some tea?”)While ocha literally means “tea,” which is normallygreen tea in Japan, this expression is used for a varietyof drinks, such as coffee, brown tea, Japanese greentea, Chinese tea, and even many kinds of soft drinks.By asking ocha wa doo desu ka? the person is not somuch suggesting that you have tea, but that you takea break and have something to drink to relax.When visiting someone’s house or office, youare usually offered a cup of tea before you ask for it.You may find that it is too bitter for you, but it’s considered impolite to add cream or sugar. It’s also inpoor taste to ask for a different beverage, as this implies criticism of the host or hostess’ chosen offering.If your host or hostess notices you are not drinkingand asks if you would prefer another kind of drink, youmay ask, for instance, kohi wa arimasu ka? meaning,“Do you have any coffee?”You will find American franchised coffee shopsin most large cities, so you can enjoy virtually thesame kind of coffees you are accustomed to drinking.Though coffee used to be very expensive in
The Japanese language has three distinctive writing systems: kanji, hiragana, and . katakana. Kanji. In early Japan, Japanese was a spoken language only and there was no writing system. China, however, had already developed a sophisticated writing system based on symbols called . hanzi. As early as the first century, Japanese people had
Essentially, what we need is a Japanese guide to learning Japanese grammar. A Japanese guide to learning Japanese grammar This guide is an attempt to systematically build up the grammatical structures that make up the Japanese language in a way that makes sense in Japanese.
Japanese Language and Culture 3 JPN 101 JPN 102 Beginning Japanese I Beginning Japanese II 8 . Revised 10/23/2020 4 JPN 101 JPN 102 JPN 201 Beginning Japanese I Beginning Japanese II Intermediate Japanese Conversation 12 5 JPN 101 JPN 102 JPN 201 JPN 202 Beginning Japanese I Beginning Japanese II Intermediat
Center for Japanese Language, Waseda University Japanese Language Program Admission Guide *This program is not a preparatory course for students intending to enroll in Undergraduate or Graduate programs in Japanese universities. April admission/September admission Center for Japanese Language, Waseda University Center for Japanese Language, Waseda University Address: 1-7-14, Nishi-waseda .
Early Middle Japanese (Classical Japanese) based on UniDic, a dictionary for Contemporary Japanese. Differences between the Early Middle Japanese and Contemporary Japanese, which prevent a naïve adaptation of UniDic to Early Middle Japanese, are found at the levels of lex
Japanese stamps without these elements The number of characters in the center and the design of dragons on the sides will vary. RYUKYU ISLANDS Country Name PHILIPPINES (Japanese Occupation) Country Name NORTH BORNEO (Japanese Occupation) Indicates Japanese Country Occupation Name MALAYA (Japanese Occupation) Indicates Japanese Occupation .
Introduction to Japanese for First/Heritage Language . Special Japanese Core Course compulsory Kanji 1 Kanji 2 Kanji 3 Japanese as a Foreign Language Special Japanese 1 Special Japanese 2 Special Japanese 3 *4 Year Regular and Transfer students are required to complete up to SpJ 3 and . This is a list of courses with their brief .
From 100 students studying in Japan, 81% say that Japanese is difficult to understand [2]. To test fluency in Japanese, we need to take the Japanese Language Proficiency Test (JLPT). According to Haristiani & Firmansyah, JLPT is a well-known form of Japanese language proficiency test, or in Japanese, it is called Noryoku Shiken [3].
The Japanese language is the key to understanding Japanese culture and society. Studying Japanese can be a very rewarding experience in its own right, but, more important, it has great practical value for anyone wishing to do business with the Japanese or planning to visit Japan.
