Food Insecurity In Florida - Oppaga.fl.gov
Food Insecurity in FloridaPresentation to the Senate Committee on AgricultureLaila Racevskis, Staff Director for Health and Human ServicesM A RC H 10 , 2 0 21
Overview1Project Scope & Methodology23Background on FoodInsecurityFood Insecurity Measures andRelated Indicators2
Project Scope Identify definitions and measures of food insecurity Review academic literature and other studiesIdentify and define commonly used measures and describe any limitations Using existing data sources, compile county-level data in Florida for Measures of food insecurityOther associated indicators3
MethodologyLiterature Review Populations affected Health impacts Measures of and indicators related to food insecurity Limitations of food insecurity measures and indicatorsFood AssistanceProgram Review Background information and eligibility criteria forfederal and state food assistance programs Available data sources related to program participationData Collection,Analysis, andPresentation Compiled county-level information on food insecuritymeasures and other indicators in Florida Food Insecurity Measures Federal Food Assistance Participation Measures Economic Indicators Homeless Population4
Background5
Food Insecurity OverviewFood Insecurity is a household-level economic and social conditionof limited or uncertain access to adequate foodU.S. FoodInsecurityFlorida FoodInsecurity14.9% (2011)16.2% (2014)10.5% (2019)13.0% (2018)6
Populations Affected by Food InsecurityWhat populations are more likely to be food insecure? FemalesYounger adultsThose from a racial/ethnic minority groupThose who have lower socioeconomic statusHouseholds with childrenThose who live in povertyRegulation of Workers’ CompensationThose who are unemployedWhat are the health impacts of food insecurity? For adults: poor nutrition, mental health problems, diabetes, hypertension, andtrouble sleeping For Children: anemia, poor nutrition, cognitive problems, higher risk ofhospitalization, poor health generally, asthma, behavioral problems, depression,and poor oral health7
Food Assistance ProgramsSupplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) The largest federal nutrition assistance program that helps low-income peoplebuy nutritious foodNational School Lunch Program (NSLP) A federally assisted meal program that provides nutritionally balanced mealseach day to students in both public and private schoolsSpecial Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, andChildren (WIC) Federal program that provides nutritious foods intended to supplementparticipants’ diets, as well as health-based resources such as health screeningsand nutrition counseling for eligible women and children8
Food Insecurity Measures andRelated Indicators9
Food Insecurity Measures and Related IndicatorsFood InsecurityMeasuresFederal FoodAssistance ProgramParticipation MeasuresEconomic IndicatorsHousehold FoodInsecurity, 2018Students on Freeand Reduced-PriceMeals, Fall 2020Individuals inPoverty, 2019Child FoodInsecurity, 2018SNAPParticipation,December 2020Families in Poverty,2019Projected FoodInsecurePopulation, 2020WIC-Eligible Rates,2019UnemploymentRates, 2020Projected ChildFood Insecurity,2020WIC-EligiblePopulation Served,2019Homeless PopulationHomelessPopulation, Pointin-Time, 202010
Food Insecurity Measures Standard measure is based on questions from the U.S. Census CurrentPopulation Survey Food Security Supplement (CPS-FSS) Includes household survey questions about difficulty meeting food needs at any timeduring in the past 12 monthsAvailable at the state level but unavailable at the county level County level food insecurity data are generated by Feeding America, thelargest national domestic hunger-relief organization County-level estimates based on statistical models using results from the CPS-FSS,combined with information from American Community SurveysMeasures presented include county-level household food insecurity rates, child foodinsecurity rates, and projected 2020 food insecurity estimates11
Food Insecurity MeasureHousehold Food Insecurity, 2018In 2018, county-levelhousehold estimatedfood insecurity inFlorida ranged from9.5% in St. JohnsCounty to 19.8% inHamilton CountyFlorida: urce: Florida Department of Health FLHealthCHARTS Data Viewer. rs/NonVitalIndRateOnlyDataViewer.aspx?cid 991012
Food Insecurity MeasureChild Food Insecurity, 2018Child food insecurityin Florida in 2018ranged from 13.7% inSt. Johns County to29.5% in MadisonCountyFlorida: ource: Florida Department of Health FLHealthCHARTS Data ndicators/NonVitalIndRateOnlyDataViewer.aspx?cid 991113
Food Insecurity MeasureProjected Food Insecure Population, 2020Food insecurity ratesfor 2020 areprojected to increasein Florida andnationally, largelyresulting from theCOVID-19 pandemicFlorida: ource: Feeding America. -coronavirus-on-food-insecurity/14
Federal Food Assistance Program ParticipationMeasures Participation in food assistance programs helps alleviate foodinsecurity, but participation rates are not good measures of foodinsecurity; rather, they are indicative of underlying conditions thatcontribute to food insecurity Populations on food assistance programs could be more vulnerable tofood insecurity without these programs In our research, we present information on recent statewide trends inSNAP participation and county-level participation in SNAP, students onFree and Reduced-Price Meals, and WIC-eligible population and WICpopulation served15
Federal Food Assistance Participation MeasureStudents on Free and Reduced-Price Meals, Fall 2020*Students on Free andReduced-Price Mealsin Fall 2020 rangedfrom a low of 22.8% inSt. Johns County to ahigh of 100% inGadsden andJefferson CountiesFlorida: * With funding multiplier applied.Source: Florida Department of Education. ta-pubs-reports/students.stml lt/2021FS2-Lunch-Status-District.xlsx16
Federal Food Assistance Participation MeasureSNAP Participation, December 2020Household SNAPparticipation rate inFlorida ranged from9.3% in SumterCounty to 49.0% inMiami-Dade County inDecember 2020Florida: urce: Florida Department of Children and Families. ss/StandardDataReports.asp17
Economic Indicators Individuals and families who are in poverty and those who areunemployed are more likely to be food insecure Individuals who have incomes above the federal poverty level may alsobe food insecure A study that examined trends in food insecurity from 2011 to 2017 found that 58% ofall food-insecure households reported incomes above the federal poverty level In our research, we present county-level data on individuals andfamilies in poverty and unemployment rates18
Economic IndicatorEstimated Number of Individuals in Poverty, 2019The percentage ofindividuals in povertyin Florida in 2019ranged from 8.2% inSt. Johns and SumterCounties to 29.9% inHamilton CountyFlorida: urce: Florida Department of Health FLHealthCHARTS Data Viewer. rs/NonVitalIndDataViewer.aspx?cid 029419
Economic IndicatorUnemployment Rates, 2020*Unemployment ratesin December 2020ranged from 3.6% inSt. Johns and WakullaCounties to 8.7% inOsceola CountyFlorida: 5.8%3.6%-4.4%4.5%-4.9%5.0%-5.6%5.7%-8.7%*Not Seasonally AdjustedSource: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.20
Homeless Population, Point-in-Time, 2020 The homeless population is particularly vulnerable to food insecurity butmay be underrepresented in other measures of food insecurity andrelated indicators Continuum of Care geographic areas count the number of peopleexperiencing homelessness in their geographic area on a given day In our research, we present homeless population point-in-time counts,which ranged from 2 in Washington County to 3,472 in Miami-DadeCounty in 202021
Summary of Food Insecurity Measures and RelatedIndicatorsFood InsecurityMeasures U.S. Census CPSHousehold surveyquestions collect dataon food insecurity;these are unavailableat the county level. Feeding Americagenerates countylevel food insecurityestimates.Federal FoodAssistanceParticipation Measures Participation in foodassistance programshelps alleviate foodinsecurity, butparticipation rates arenot good measures offood insecurity. Theyare indicative ofunderlying conditionsthat contribute to foodinsecurity. Populations on foodassistance programscould be morevulnerable to foodinsecurity withoutthese programs.Economic Indicators These are predictorsof food insecurity butare not directmeasures of foodinsecurity. These indicatorsprovide informationon populations thatmay be vulnerable tofood insecurity.Homeless Population The homelesspopulation isparticularly vulnerableto food insecurity butis not captured inother measures offood insecurity andrelated indicators.22
Questions?23
Contact InformationLaila Racevskis, PhDStaff Director(850) 717-0524racevskis.laila@oppaga.fl.govFLOR IDA LE G I SLATU RE OFFI CE OF PROGR AM PO LI CY AN A LYS I S AN DG OV E R N ME NT AC C O U N TA B ILIT YOPPAGA supports the Florida Legislature by providing data, evaluative research, and objective analyses that assist legislativebudget and policy deliberations.
Food Insecurity Measures U.S. Census CPS Household survey questions collect data on food insecurity; these are unavailable at the county level. Feeding America generates county-level food insecurity estimates. Federal Food Assistance Participation Measures Participation in food assistance programs helps alleviate food insecurity, but
Food Insecurity in Early Childhood New Policy Series on Food Security Food insecurity and hunger are related but not synonymous.1 The concept of "food security" is used by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) to measure a household's social and economic ability to access adequate food. The most common cause of food insecurity is
Source: OPPAGA analysis of Florida Guardian ad Litem Program data. In addition to state funds, local GAL offices receive funds from varioussources, including local governments, federal Victims of Crime Act funds, local nonprofit organizations, and other private sources. Over the last five years, funding from these sources more than doubled from .
in need as illustrated by news reports of miles-long lines at food pantries. In this report,1 we estimate current rates of food insecurity and the extent to which food insecurity rates have increased in national data and by state using the Census’s Household Pulse Survey (CHHPS). We find that food insecurity has doubled overall,
Household food insecurity refers to the inadequate or insecure access to food because of financial constraints. Food insecurity takes a serious toll on individuals' health and well-being, and it places a significant burden on our health care system. Although there has been rigorous measurement and monitoring of household food insecurity in Canada
Second, food insecurity was on the rise in the UK prior to Covid-19. Controlling for socioeconomic variables, the probability of low-income adults being food insecure rose from 27.7% in 2004 to 45.8% in 2016.2. Third, food insecurity has more than doubled under Covid-19 and lockdown. Food insecurity levels in May 2020 were 250% higher than pre .
Household food insecurity A household-level economic and social condition of limited or uncertain access to adequate food. Households are considered food insecure if they experience 'severe' or 'moderate' food insecurity as measured by the Household Food Security Survey Module. See Chapter 2. Households below average income
31.9 percent experienced food insecurity in the last 30 days, compared with only 6.6 percent of adults in families with higher incomes. 20.9% 8.1% 24.6% 9.2% 17.7%*** 7.0%* 21.8%** 8.5% Food insecurity Very low food security Food insecurity Very low food security All adults All parents March/April 2020 May 2020
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