Ignite Slides - Legacy.aoos

Ocean Acidification WorkshopIgnite SlidesDecember 3rd, 2014

Ocean Acidification: KodiakLaboratory Crab ResearchAlaskaFisheriesScience CenterRobert Foy, Chris Long, Kathy Swiney2014 AOOS Ocean Acidification WorkshopLinking Knowledge to Need: Responding to OceanAcidification (OA) in AlaskaDecember 3, 2014

NOAA Crab Research Overview&OutcomesNOAA Alaska Fisheries Science Center focused oncommercially important fish and shellfish, their prey, andshelter (coral). NOAA crab research focused on physiologicalresponse of commercial crab species.1. Red king crab and Tanner crab survival and growth decreasedthroughout multiple life history stages.2. Physiological functions and energetic tradeoffs apparent.3. Negative population level response predicted at future CO2 levelsbased on short term laboratory experiments.

NOAA Crab Research Next Steps Realistic exposure scenarios: vary pH diurnally and seasonallyResponse Variables: Hemocyte pH, behaviorResponse Variables: Genetics: protein expressionResponse Variables: Metabolic responses: respiration, energeticsExpand Species: Snow crab, coralMonitoring: Scale specific to life history stagesIncrease forecasting precision.What we still don’t know: Long term (i.e. lifelong) effects of exposureCapacity for acclimation and adaptationNatural pH variabilityEnvironmental changes (warming, pollution)Ecosystem services (e.g. food webs, fisheries, predators,competitors)

Responses of Alaskan groundfishes toocean acidificationThomas P. Hurst1Collaborators:Jeremy Mathis 2,4, Jessica Miller 3,Elena Fernandez 2, Benjamin Laurel 11AlaskaFisheries Science Center,NOAA-NMFS, Newport, OR2Fisheriesand Ocean Sciences,University of Alaska, Fairbanks, AK3HatfieldMarine Science Center,Oregon State University, Newport, OR4PacificMarine Environmental LabNOAA, Seattle, WA

Alaska groundfish comparisonBased on laboratory experiments exposing eggs and larvae to elevated CO2 inlaboratory experiments.Northern rock soleMore sensitiveTo 1600 µatm CO2 ; to 60 days post hatchNo effect on hatch success or size at hatchReduced growth and condition in post-flexion fishTrend toward higher mortality at high CO2 levelsHurst et al. in review.ResilientWalleye pollockTo 2100 µatm CO2 ; to 28 daysNo effect on survival to hatchSlight growth improvement at intermediate CO2No CO2 effect on survivalHurst et al. 2012 & 2013Northern rock sole appear more sensitive to elevated CO2 than walleye pollocktested in the same experimental setup.

Walleye pollock– prey scent quency of positive responsesvideomonitor0.8videocamera400 µatm800 µatm1800 µatm0.60.40.2CueCO2Cue x CO20.001234Preyscentscent concentrationPreyconcentrationPreliminary experimental observations:Behavioral / sensory impairment does not appear limited to tropical reef fishes.Need more experimentation on a range of ecologically relevant behaviors toevaluate the impact of this impairment.P 0.001P 0.044P 0.9815

OA effect pathwaysDirect effectsIndirect effectsMetabolism,acid-base balanceOtolithNeurotransmissionBehavioral sensory rvival,productivityProgress being madeNeed empirical studiesNeed model developmentLower trophiclevels

Summary & ConclusionsThe direct effects of OA on growth energetics of walleye pollock and northern rocksole appear to be minor, but not equal.Preliminary work indicates that OA may induce behavioral and/or sensory deficits, asdemonstrated in some tropical species.Future:Fuller evaluation of sensory / behavioral responses to OAOA-induced changes in prey availability and prey qualityOA in context of multiple stressorsFor commercially important species, these studies will require the development ofcollaborations between agency and academic researchers.Primary funding support:

Ignite Session: OA AmplifiersOcean Acidification in AlaskaWiley EvansOcean Acidification Research Center, UAFPacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, NOAAShip-based data are critical; but need to augment withstationary and mobile platforms capable of high-resolutionmeasurementsOutcomes to date: shelf-wide seasonal snap-shots, highlyresolved at select sites, evolving understanding of meltdriven corrosivityNext steps for glacial melt impact: freshwater end-membervariability and continuous measurements at select sitesDecember 3, 2014

Public Perceptions of OA in AlaskaLauren FrischWidespread basic understanding

“record carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphereabove 400ppm for the first time in recordedhistory are being absorbed in the surface of theocean and are sequestered in the deep coldwaters of the ocean, threatening the calcareousshell tests of many life forms”“I am a little vague on the subject but believe itrefers to the harm done by dumping fish wasteinto the ocean mainly by fish processors”

Low perceptions of specific risk

Ocean Acidification & Alaska FisheriesViews and Voices of Alaska’s Fishermenand Coastal ResidentsRachel Donkersloot, PhDAlaska Marine Conservation Council

Project Overview In 2011-2012 AMCC organizedcommunity roundtables in thefishing communities ofDillingham, Kodiak and Homer. Designed to engage coastalAlaskans and members of theAlaska seafood industry whoselives and local economies will beaffected by changes linked toOA.

Key Finding 1 Because of uncertainty about what the exact impacts of oceanacidification on fisheries will be, concerns about the futuretend to be eclipsed by more immediate and tangible issuesfacing fishermen and fishing communities. One exception was the shellfish growers who are alreadyexperiencing the loss of oyster spat due to corrosive waters inthe Pacific Northwest.

Key Finding 2 In addition to quantifiable economic impact, coastalAlaskans are concerned about damaging traditionaluses of marine resources and harm that will come tothe ecosystem that supports those resources.

Key Finding 3 Fishermen want to participate in scientific monitoringof ocean pH. Fishermen aboard vessels can collectwater samples and shellfish growers are skilledobservers of local conditions.

Summary: Addressing OA in AK Waters Investing and expanding OA monitoring and research inAlaska waters. Industry-Science Partnerships Dual track systems: personal and political-level change“What I’d like to see is an investment in monitoringaround Kodiak Island. The research is being done inthe lab, yet no monitoring.”“You can’t manage what you don’t monitor.”

One sentence overview:The Washington OA Blue Ribbon Panel made upof federal, state, local and tribal leaders,scientists, ENGOs, shellfish and businessrepresentatives provided 42 recommendationsdirecting the state’s response to oceanacidification.

Three bullets of outcomes:Compelling shellfish industry impact “story”motivating policy response and funding2. OA BRPanel report provides Washington with aroadmap and others with a model for OA response3. Collaborative, coordinated research, monitoringand modeling informing on impacts and helpingshellfish growers and others adapt1.

Brief next steps (where you are going & what’s missing)Engrossed Senate Bill 5603 Section 4 established theWashington Marine Resources Advisory Council: To maintain a sustainable coordinated focus on OA To advise and work with the Washington OA Center on the effects andsources of OA To deliver recommendations to the Governor and Legislature on OA To seek public and private funding resources to support the Council’srecommendations To assist in conducting public education activities regarding OAThe Marine Resources Advisory Council isessentially carrying on the work of the OA BRPanel

Hurst et al. in review. Walleye pollock Resilient To 2100 µatm CO 2 . effect on survival Hurst et al. 2012 & 2013 Northern rock sole Northern rock sole appear more sensitive to elevated CO 2 than walleye pollock tested in the same experimental setup. . acid-base balance Survival, productivity Predation vulnerability Neurotransmission Lower .