Model Answer: Summer-2019 Sub. Code: 17504

volutions as per grading of aggregates so thataggregate will break down.4. Take out crushed aggregate from drum and sieve it through 1.7mm IS Sieve.5. Take the weight of aggregate fraction passing through 1.7 mm ISsieve as W2 gm.6. Calculate % aggregate abrasion value of given aggregate as(W2/W1) X 100.Explain compressive strength test carried out on concrete.Compressive Strength Test on Concrete:1. Take three cubes of 15 cm sides and apply oil to its innersurface.2. Prepare the concrete mixture of required grade and fill it ineach mould in 3 layers. Compact each layer 25 times with atamping rod (steel) of 16 mm diameter and 600 mm long.3. Keep all the moulds at room temperature for 24 hrs for initialhardening and at relative humidity 90%.4. Remove cube moulds and keep concrete cubes under freshwater for curing for 7, 14, 21, 28 days.5. Remove cube from water after curing period and keep it undercompression testing machine (CTM) for testing.

MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION(Autonomous)(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2005 Certified)Model Answer: Summer-2019Subject: Concrete TechnologySub. Code: ---------------Que.No.Q.3Sub.Que.e)Model Answer6. Apply compressive load at a rate of 4 tonnes / minute for 10minutes or till failure of cubes. Note down the failure load in Nand cross sectional area of cube in mm2.7. Calculate compressive strength of cubes i.e. load upon area.8. The average of three test cubes can be calculated as averagecompressive strength in MPa or N/mm2.MarksTotalMarks44

MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION(Autonomous)(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2005 Certified)Model Answer: Summer-2019Sub. Code: 17504Subject: Concrete el AnswerAttempt any THREE of the following:Differentiate between weigh batching and volume batching.(min. 4 points)Difference between Weigh batching and Volume batching:Weight BatchingVolume BatchingSr.No.1b)Ans.MarksTotalMarks(12)In this, measurement of In this, measurement ofmaterials is done by materials is done bytaking volume.taking weight.2Weigh machine is used.Gauge boxes are used.3It is more accurate.It is less accurate.4It is useful for more It is useful for lessimportant works where important works wheremix-design is adopted.ordinary mix is used.5Weigh batching is done Volume batching is donefor cement.for aggregates and water.6It requires skilled labours.Itrequireslabours.7It requires more time.It requires less time.1each(anyfour)41each(anyfour)4unskilledEnlist any four precautions to be taken while transportation ofconcrete mixture.Precautions to be taken while transportation of concrete mixture:1. Establish mixing plant nearest possible to the construction siteto reduce time of transportation.2. Select higher w/c ratio, if distance between mixing plant andworking site is more.3. Maintain cold or humid condition around the concrete mixtureduring transportation.4. Use retarding admixture, to avoid early setting and hardeningof concrete.5. Cover the concrete mixture, if it is transported in open trucksto avoid direct sunlight.6. Due care should be taken to avoid leakage and wastage ofconcrete mix during transportation.

MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION(Autonomous)(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2005 Certified)Model Answer: Summer-2019Subject: Concrete TechnologySub. Code: ---------------Que.No.Q.4Sub.Que.c)d)Ans.Model AnswerState any four methods of compaction of concrete with theirsuitability.Methods of compaction of concrete with their suitability:1. Manual compaction: It is suitable for small scale concreteworks with comparatively less important. Rodding is used forvertical columns, deep beam. Ramming is applicable for PCCof ground floors. Tamping is done for roofs, floors, pavementsetc.2 Compaction by vibration: It is suitable when large quantityof concrete is used and manual compaction becomes difficult.It is applicable when strength requirement is more like RCCbuildings, concrete dams, bridges, concrete roads etc. It ispreferred when w/c ratio is less and stiffness of concrete ismore. It is suitable to achieve denseness in such stiff mixes.3. Compaction by pressure and jolts: It is applicable tocompact the dry concrete used for hollow blocks, cavity blocksand solid concrete blocks. It is also suitable for compaction ofcement bricks, pavement blocks, decorative POP elements etc.4. Compaction by spinning: It is useful by applying rotationsfor compaction of hume pipes, spun pipes, tunnel lining etc.Explain the necessity of waterproofing of concrete. (min. 4 points)Necessity of water proofing:1. It reduces permeability of concrete which is necessary toreduce leakage of water retaining structures.2. The waterproofing is required to prevent formation ofcracks on concrete surface.3. It avoids formation of efflorescence of concrete surfacewhich avoids strength reduction.4. Proper waterproofing resists defects which ensure moredurability of structures.5. It prevents growth of algae and vegetation of concrete,hence keeps good sanitation of concrete structures.6. It prevents paint removal and damaging appearance ofstructures.MarksTotalMarks1each41each(anyfour)4

MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION(Autonomous)(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2005 Certified)Model Answer: Summer-2019Subject: Concrete TechnologySub. Code: ---------------Que.No.Q.4Sub.Que.(B)a)Ans.Model AnswerAttempt any ONE of the following:stripping time for beam, column and slab as per IS 456-2000.Stripping time of formwork: The minimum time of removal offormwork from the date of casting after sufficient hardening ofconcrete is called as stripping time of formwork.Stripping time for beam, column and slab as per IS 456-2000:1. Beam:i. Soffit formwork for beam 7 daysii. Beam and arch of span up to 6m 14 daysiii. Beam and arch of span more than 6m 21 days2. Column: i Vertical formwork 16 to 24 hours3. Slab:i. Soffit formwork 3 daysii. Span up to 4.5m 7 daysiii. Span more than 4.5m 14 daysb)MarksEnlist the type of joints in concrete (any two). Also explain in briefthe method of joining old and new concrete.Type of joints in concrete: There are following types of joints whichcan be provided in concrete structures.1.Construction jointExpansion joint2.3.Contraction joint4.Isolation jointMethod of joining old and new concrete:1. Cleaning: The old concrete surface is first thoroughly cleanedwith wire brush. Loose material if any, should be removed.2. Chiseling: The old concrete surface is made rough by dentingit with a chisel for a strong bond with new concrete.3. Application of cement slurry or paste with someadmixtures: The surface is then wetted with rich cementslurry. Sometimes an admixture has to be added to giveadditional strength to the joints. Then fresh concrete is placedover the old concrete.4. Providing overlap: To give homogeneity to the reinforcingbars, overlap is provided and the overlap portion is boundtightly with high tensile wire.TotalMarks(06)121261each(anytwo)1each6

MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION(Autonomous)(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2005 Certified)Model Answer: Summer-2019Subject: Concrete TechnologySub. Code: ---------------Que.No.Q.5Sub.Que.a)Ans.b)Ans.Model AnswerAttempt any FOUR of the following:Define chemical admixture in concrete. Also state any threepurposes of adding admixtures in concrete.Chemical admixture: The addictive materials which are addedpurposefully to modify properties and to improve overallengineering performance as per site requirement; are known aschemical admixture.Purposes of adding admixtures in concrete: The admixtures areused in concrete to serve the following purposes.1. To modify the properties of fresh concrete as per siterequirement so that to facilitate the actual working conditions.2. To improve workability of concrete so as to avoid any wastageduring handling.3. To avoid segregation and bleeding problems occurring in nonhomogeneous mix.4. To increase or decrease the rate of setting or hardening ofconcrete.5. To decrease the rate of setting or hardening of concrete inextreme weather conditions.6. To reduce heat of hydration and related formation of cracks.7. To reduce excessive water in concrete mix so that optimumworkability can be maintained.8. To increase flow ability of concrete mix.9. To increase in bonding between steel reinforcement andconcrete mass.10. To increase strength and durability of concrete in its hardenedstate.11. To improve finishing of concrete by reducing voids and hencemaking dense concrete.12. To join old and new concrete at construction joints.State any two properties and two applications of ready mixconcrete.Properties of ready mix concrete:1. Excessively high workability in fresh state.2. More homogeneity of concrete mix.3. Enhanced ultimate strength.4. More durability.5. Highly dense nature of concrete.6. More fire h(anytwo)4

MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION(Autonomous)(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2005 Certified)Model Answer: Summer-2019Subject: Concrete TechnologySub. Code: el AnswerApplications of ready mix concrete:1. Applicable to mega construction projects like multi-storiedbuilding, commercial complex and industrial sheds etc.2. Highly recommended for more important constructions likegovernment buildings, expressways, skyscrapers etc.3. Suitable for mass concrete works like dams, bridges, megafoundations etc.4 Feasible for ordinary or normal concrete road construction.5 Useful in construction in highly congested area like crowdedzone, large urban city etc.State any four ill-effects of hot weather concreting.Ill effects of hot weather concreting:1. Due to hot weather, concrete shows rapid rate of hardening,which results difficulty in transportation of concrete.2. Extreme heat evaporates water from concrete mix fastly, whichresults decreases in w/c ratio and workability of concrete.3. Water may get absorbed by formwork, aggregate or ground,which gives harshness in concrete.4. More shrinkage cracks get developed on concrete surface due toincomplete hydration with less water in concrete. Hence, earlyfinishing becomes more essential.5. Continuous curing is required to keep humidity and to avoidfurther development of cracks.6. Air entrained in concrete may get expelled due to temperature,hence workability may reduce additionally.State the applications of accelerating admixture and retardingadmixture. (any two each)Applications of accelerating admixture:1. It is applicable where delay in construction is not allowed i.e.road construction.2. It is useful where quick setting is required i.e. in underwaterconstruction.3. It is beneficial where rapid hardening of concrete is necessaryi.e. in case of high rise structures.Applications of retarding admixture:1. It is applicable where high heat and vibrations are required toreduce i.e. in machine foundations and nuclear power plant.2. It is useful where slow setting of concrete is required i.e. inextreme hot weather concreting.3. It is beneficial where slow hardening of concrete is necessaryi.e. in mass concrete structures like dam, bridge ach(anytwo)

Effect of Fineness on Hydration of Cement: 1. When the fineness of cement is more i.e. the size of cement particles is very small; then the all the cement particles gets covered with water film easily. Hence the hydration of cement takes place very quickly with added water. 2. When the fineness of cement is less i.e. the size of cement